Txoj Kev Sib Thoob Sib Dho yog qhov riam phom ntawm txoj kev tuag

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub txias hlau nkag ib tug heev thawj daim ntawv ntawm nws - qhov no yog ib txwm tsev neeg braid, ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev cog on ib tug ncej thiab nres, yog li, mus rau hauv ib lub cuab tam ntawm txoj kev tuag. Nws qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm hais tias nws tau siv los ntawm cov neeg pluag thaum lub sij hawm ntshav siab tiag tiag, yog li feem ntau ua txhaum ntawm txoj kev thaj yeeb, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi yooj yim hauv lub neej nyob deb nroog.

Cov neeg tawg rog, ua cov riam phom

Rau thawj lub sij hawm, qhov kev ua liaj ua teb no yog siv rau kev ua tub rog hauv lub xyoo pua mus. Feem ntau cov neeg pluag, leej twg yog vim li cas los yog lwm tus tau txiav txim siab los hloov txoj kev tsim ntawm lub neej los ntawm kev quab yuam los yog raug yuam kom tiv thaiv ib tus yeeb ncuab nres, tau rov tsim lawv txoj kev khavtheeb. Hloov ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev sib koom lawv cov khoom txiav mus rau hauv lub taub hau, los yog tsuas yog reinforcing lawv nyob rau ntau lub axis nrog nws, lawv tiav ib cov nyhuv uas ib tug tseem heev tsis scythe los ua ib qhov kev ua tsov rog nag hmo.

Mob khaub thuas hlau, tsim nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm qhov zoo. Nws yog universal, maneuverable, zoo, tab sis feem ntau cov tseem ceeb - pheej yig thiab pheej yig. Qee lub sij hawm es tsis txhob siv cov khoom siv li niaj zaus, khi rau ntawm lub qhov muag tau ntse nrog ib rab riam ntse los yog tshwj xeeb yog forged ob-edged thiab me ntsis curved hniav.

Riam phom ntawm Swiss thiab Czech peasants

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm ntawm kev siv lub hom riam phom yog hais nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog fights uas coj peasants ib tug xov tooj ntawm Swiss cantons, reflecting cov kev tawm tsam ntawm lub Austrian knights uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub XIV xyoo pua thiab ces pheej ua dua tshiab rau peb centuries.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, kev ua tsov ua rog tawm hauv Czech Republic, pib los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm uas yog Jan Hus (Hussites), yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog, uas yog cov neeg koom ua ke nrog txhua yam kev sib raug zoo - cov riam phom uas muaj nyob hauv txhua tsev neeg.

Lub sijhawm ntawm neeg ua tsov ua rog

Ib puas xyoo tom qab, tag nrho central ib feem ntawm cov teb chaws Europe twb them nrog cov ntshav, tawg tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm nyiaj txiag thiab kev cai dab qhuas yog vim li cas thiab lub npe hu ua lub Great pluag ua tsov ua rog. Ib zaug ntxiv, qhov plai (riam phom) feem ntau txiav txim siab txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev sib ntaus sib tua, txij li thaum cov tub rog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ob tog neeg feem ntau yog neeg tawg rog uas tsis muaj peev xwm them taus ntau hom kev riam phom.

Feem ntau ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, hnub no nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev khaws ntaub ntawv thoob ntiaj teb, hnub rov tuaj rau lub xyoo pua 16th, tab sis muaj cov piv txwv tom qab. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog ib qho scythe (riam phom), ib zaug ib feem ntawm ib tug tub rog Prussian thiab, raws li lub thwj rau nws, tawm xyoo 1813. Nws tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv Dresden State Museum.

Qhov kawg ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog

Nyob rau hauv lub lig Nrab Hnub nyoog, uas yog, keeb kwm lub sij hawm, uas yog ib tug kev sib tham saum toj no, kuj tau ntau riam phom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nti tawm, yog nws ntau paub version - Glaive, los yog Glewe. Nws tau tsuas yog npaj rau kev sib ntaus los sib ntaus sib tua thiab yog ib nrab ntawm txoj kab hluav taws xob nrog ib lub tiaj tiaj, sharply taw taub ntawm txog 60 cm ntev thiab 7-10 cm dav rau nws.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub pob los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, nws tau them nrog rivets los yog txawm qhwv nrog steel daim kab xev. Cov hniav, ntse, raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog ntawm ib sab, tau nkag nrog steel hlau ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm nws. Nrog nws cov kev pab, nws tau ua kom muaj cov cwj pwm phem tawm ntawm saum toj no, zoo li nws teb rau lawv, nrog rau kev tho kev nrog qhov kev sib txeeb ntawm tus yeeb ncuab lub cuab yeej ntawd. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj yog yooj yim rau lawv kom tsav tus neeg caij los ntawm tus nees thiab twb nyob hauv av ntaus nws nrog lub tshuab ua tuag taus.

Yog li, lub glaive, uas pub rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ob qho tib si chopping thiab piercing blows, yog heev ib tug formidable riam phom. Nws yog thoob plaws thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe, tab sis nws yog Fab Kis thiab Ltalis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm txhua tus thawj nom tswv loj. Muaj, tshaj li lub sij hawm, nws tau hloov mus rau hauv ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm halberd, hu ua gizvarma. Nws, raws li txoj cai, tau nruab nrog ob lub tswv yim - ncaj thiab nkhaus - thiab tso cai rau tub rog mus ntsawm thiab ntsawj tus yeeb ncuab tawm ntawm tus nees.

Txiav nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm Zaporozhye Cossacks

Nws tseem ceeb heev kom nco ntsoov tias kev sib ntaus los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yog ib qho kev sib ntaus sib tua, qhov tsim ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom uas yog kev sib cav los ntawm ntau haiv neeg. Piv txwv li, ib co kev soj ntsuam ntseeg tau hais tias tus thawj lub sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm lub Cossacks, feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov qub peasants. Nws yog nyuaj hais tias ua li cas tsis txaus siab no thov, tab sis nws yog undeniable tias thaum lub sij hawm lub Ukrainian national liberation tsov rog ntawm XVII-XVIII ib-paus xyoo, ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab riam phom yog precisely no ib.

Nto qaub ncaug tuag ua si ib qho tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Berestechko sib ntaus sib tua uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1651 ntawm lub pab tub rog ntawm lub Polish King Yana Kazimira thiab Cossacks Hetman Bogdana Hmelnitskogo. Nws tseem nco txog kev ua nom ua tswv, qhia hais tias nws yog nrog kev pabcuam los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua uas Cossacks tau tswj kom ua zoo tiv thaiv thiab tom qab sib tawm tsam.

Tsis ntev los no, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom pov thawj txog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm hom riam phom nyob rau hauv lub battles rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Ukraine, tshwm nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj ntawm lub Zaporozhye Historical Museum. Lawv ua kom tiav cov ntawv sau tiav thiab tiav, qhia txog ntau lub sij hawm ntawm kev tsim thiab kev txhim kho cov kev sib tw ua rog los ntawm kev siv phomsic ntawm thaj chaw no.

Kev siv cov kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv teb chaws Russia

Nyob rau hauv Russia, keeb kwm ntawm no hom ntawm riam phom yog txuam feem nrog insurrections coj los ntawm Stepan Razin, thiab ces Emelyan Pugachev. Cov neeg pluag thiab Cossack masses nyob rau hauv ob leeg tau mus ua rog, armed nrog cov khoom ntawm lawv tus kheej ua liaj ua teb - co, pitchforks thiab braids, hloov dua siab tshiab thiab hloov mus rau hauv ib qho kev ntaus phom tua.

Thiab ntawm chav kawm, peb yuav tsis poob los rau braids nyob rau hauv ob txhais tes ntawm legendary partisans ntawm lub Patriotic War ntawm 1812, lub steel ntawm uas zoo nco los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub pab tub rog Napoleonic, ingloriously tawm hauv ciam teb ntawm Russia. Nyob rau hauv Moscow tsev cia puav pheej, nplooj siab rau cov keeb kwm ntawm cov heroic cov txheej xwm, koj yuav saib tau ob peb ntawm lawv cov qhabnias authentic.

Polish cosiniers

Txawm li cas los xij, yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom faib tawm (riam phom) nyob hauv teb chaws Poland. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lug nws twb pom hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub Polish revolt tshwm sim los ntawm tus thib ob muab faib rau ntawm Poland, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1794. Tom qab ntawd cov Polish, Byelorussian thiab Lithuanian peasants uas tawmtsam tivthaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Lavxias uas tau tsim muaj ntau pawg neeg ua haujlwm, nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg uas muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nkaus xwb thiab muaj feem xyuam ntawm cov riam phom txias, uas muaj riam thiab txhua hom kev ua tes ua cog rau ntawm cov ncej. Tus neeg tua tsiaj ntawm cov chaw khiav dej num tau raug hu ua "cowers" (los ntawm cov lus "scythe", "mow", thiab lwm yam).

Raws li cov historians, lub cosigners ua si lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub Battle ntawm Raclawice nyob rau hauv 1794, thaum Tadeusz Kosciuszko tus rebels converged nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv rog. Lawv cov koomhaum, koom siab nrog cov tub rog ntawm Krakow, thim tus yeeb ncuab txoj kev tawm tsam, khi rau hauv peb kab, thiab, ntaus rog nrog scythes, chopped thiab stabbed li lawv muaj sabers thiab hmuv nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes, thiab tsis rov ua khoom ua liaj ua teb.

Nyob rau hauv thawj kab sawv cov tub rog nres nrog phom, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob thiab thib peb - braids. Thaum cov xib xub tau ua ib qho pov thawj, lawv tau ntes rov qab rau tom qab ntawm tus hma tias them lawv thaum lawv rov qab ua riam phom, uas lub sijhawm ntawd yuav tsum muaj sijhawm ntau npaum li cas.

Ib tug zoo li daim duab yog rov qab thaum lub sij hawm Polish uprising ntawm 1830, thaum muaj ntau ntawm cov niaj zaus battalions ntawm infantry twb armed nrog braids. Raws li cov koom txoos ntawm cov xwm txheej, tus yeeb ncuab infantrymen, txawm nrog ib lub qhov khoob khawm uas txuas rau rab phom, nws tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog lub khib nyiab, ua rau nws ntev thiab hnyav oblique txiav thiab thrusts.

Japanese kev hloov kho ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua

Raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb version ntawm lub historians paub thiab sib ntaus Japanese braids. Qhov riam phom yog me ntsis txawv ntawm qhov ib tug tau pom los saum no. Kuj, sawv cev rau kev hloov kho ntawm kev siv qoob loo, nws tseem ceeb heev ntawm kev hloov. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, txawm tias nrog me ntsis kev paub, ib lub qhov me me yuav raug ntaus, uas cov hniav nyob txuas nrog ntawm cov ces kaum. Hom kab riam no feem ntau hu ua tus neeg mob ntaus rog.

Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov kev tsim no ua rau kom qhov ceev ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab ua li cas thiaj li ua kom nws muaj peev xwm, nws muab cov fighter nrog ntau dua maneuverability thiab ua rau nws tsis tshua txaus siab nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los ze. Nyob rau qee lub cev muaj qhov hnyav tau txuas rau lub hau ntawm cov saw ntev, uas, uas tsis tau muaj nws, nws ua tau kom muaj lub tshuab ua yoojyim rau tus yeeb ncuab.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua braid yog ib feem ntawm qhov muaj zog thiab siab tawv

Cov duab ntawm riam phom (braids thiab lawv cov kev hloov kho) muab tso rau hauv tsab xov xwm pub peb sawv cev rau ntau hom kab uas lub armourers ntawm txawv sij hawm thiab lub teb chaws tau tsim, noj raws li lawv lub hauv paus li ib txwm cuab yeej cov cuab yeej. Cov txheeb ze ze ntawm spit tsis tsuas yog gizarma, uas tau piav saum toj no, tab sis kuj siege riam, thiab tshuab txiav - sib ntaus tib rab phom.

Kev siv hom kab riam nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los tsis tau tshwj xeeb kev npaj - cov txheej txheem ntawm owning lawv yog qhov yooj yim heev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tsuas muaj kev ruaj siab, lub zog ntawm lub cev thiab, ntawm chav kawm, muaj peev xwm ua ncaj ncees, uas yog tsim nyog rau ib tus neeg tua rog tsis hais txog dab tsi nws muaj nyob hauv nws txhais tes.