Uas lub teb chaws muaj ntog pej thuam lawm?

Txhua leej txhua tus tau hnov cov ntxhua pej thuam. Tab sis koj puas paub dab tsi ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb yog qaij de lub tsev, yuav pom yuav luag nyob rau hauv txhua lub teb chaws? Thiab tej zaum, zoo li no piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, Ltalis thiab Russia, lawv muaj thiab ib tug ob peb daim. Tab sis PR - ib tug muaj hwj huam loj. Ntxhua pej thuam, uas replicated tus yees duab yog li ntawd leej twg, txawm qhov inveterate homebody, pom nws, overshadowing tag nrho cov lwm tus neeg xav siv. Thiab ntau tshaj li hais tias, qhov no masterpiece ntawm medieval architecture nrog ib tug txaus ntshai qhov khuam pib luam. Cov neeg nyiam mus laum koj qab haus huv thiab nyob rau hauv vaj tse uas supposedly ntog. Yog li ntawd txoj cai tam sim no tsa vaj tse nyob rau hauv peb tes num uas yog hais incorporated lub. Xws "ntog" tshiab vaj tse nyob rau hauv Düsseldorf, Abu Dhabi, Madrid, Montreal thiab Las Vegas. Tab sis nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm uas peb yuav tham txog tag nrho cov qub vaj tse. Ib txhia ntawm lawv, xws li tus pej thuam nyob rau hauv lub Mev lub nroog ntawm Zaragoza, tsis tau ciaj sia lub tawm tsam nrog lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, tiam sis muaj ntau tseem sawv thiab txawm nws tsau nrees lub.

Vim li cas lawv poob?

Yog vim li cas rau hauv lub tsev ntawm txawv los ntawm cov ntsug axis yuav ua tau ntau yam. Architects, pib siv, yuav tsum tsis txhob tsuas inscribe lub project chaw, tab sis kuj yuav tshawb xyuas cov av rau lub site ntawm nws siv. Sandy los yog swampy xau nws thiaj li zuj zus lawm tso rau hauv lub heev ntawm lub tsev, ua rau nws lub tsev txhab nyiaj yuav muab. Hais tias qhov no yog vim li cas vim li cas ntxhua pej thuam ntog. Tus heev qauv ntawm cov dawb lias marble txig. Cov kev siv tsa ib tug khov pob zeb lace. Txawm li cas los, nws pib qaij txawm thaum lub sij hawm nws siv. Maj mam, lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination los ua neeg txoj sia. Tab sis tam sim no, restorers twb tau mus daws tau qhov teeb meem no. Lawv muaj siab Consolidated xau nyob rau hauv lub plinth ntawm tus pej thuam thiab nres nws lub caij nplooj zeeg. Av qeeg feem ntau puas vaj tse ... los yog qaij lawv. Zog ntawm tectonic daim hlau yuav ua rau siab yob yees. Qhov no txoj kev tsis yog raws li sai raws li qhov av qeeg, tab sis lub xyoo inclination lub siab ua ntau hnov li cas. Tam sim no, Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau London loj Ben, koj yuav pom tias nws yog yuav luag ib nrab ntawm ib 'meter' offset mus rau lub qaum teb hnub poob. Muaj cov neeg "ntog" vaj tse, uas tsis yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm ib tug engineering muab xam, tab sis, theej ingenious foresight. Muaj ntau ntau yees nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj. Architects, muab cov cua rose thiab xau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muab lub kaum sab xis ntawm xws vaj tse thiaj li hais tias lawv yog ruaj khov.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau-ntxhua pej thuam

Qhov twg yog qhov no cov ntaub ntawv-yas dhos? Qhov no yog tsis tus pej thuam ntawm Pisa. Thaum lub ntiaj teb nto moo Italian siv kaum sab xis ntawm tsuas 5.2 degrees. Tab sis Huchji ntauwd, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Tian-Ma nyob rau hauv Suav xeev ntawm Songjiang, nyob ze Shanghai, tipped ntawm 6,63 degrees. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov no xya-zaj dabneeg siv zeb qhov siab ntawm kaum cuaj meters ib tug cham ib puas xyoo laus dua tshaj nws cov yeeb ncuab Pisa. Nws tau tsa thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Yuanfen, txog 1079. Pej thuam yog Ameslikas xeeb raws li ib tug inclined. Thaum no tus taw tes, feem ntau tshuab muaj zog sab qab teb-easterly cua. Pej thuam yog inclined nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab li ntawd huab cua khiav yog khaws cia nws. Lawv hais tias yog lub tsev yog ua li cas mas, ces nws yuav tau twb tsaus muag. Nrog tib xam nyob rau hauv 1621 tau tsa zaj Ntauwd Guylun rau ib kob nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xiav-Jiang Yutszyan River. Nws ntsis yog deflected ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm ntau tshaj ib tug Meter.

coj cov ntaub ntawv yas dhos

Yog hais tias lub ntsiab txog kev paub tsis yog ib tug sib txawv ntawm lub hauv paus apex (ntsuas nyob rau hauv meters), thiab ib tug qaij kaum sab xis ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto, uas yog xam nyob rau hauv degrees, ces cov hlau lead tawm me me unnamed ntxhua pej thuam. Tuam Tshoj, Liaoning, Suizhong County - hais tias nws cov coordinates. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov xwm txheej - kaum ob degrees - ob thiab ib tug ib nrab sij hawm ntau tshaj ntxhua pej thuam ntawm Pisa. Txawm li cas los, tus qauv ntawm Suav me me. Nws muaj peb cov plag tsev thiab muaj ib tug tag nrho ntawm kaum meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab (piv rau 90 m nyob rau hauv lub ntxhua pej thuam ntawm Pisa). Tab sis vim hais tias qhov hloov tus nqi ntawm lub hauv paus apex yog me me.

Lub hiob ntxhua pej thuam

Nws kuj nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj. Qhov no ntauwd Hutsyu. Lub octagonal xya-storey tsev ntawm dub cib tau tsa ntawm Syande (Lig Zhou Dynasty), hais txog 959 xyoo. Yog vim li cas rau lub inclination nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no (los ntawm hais tias feem ntau tshwm sim poob ntauwd) yog ib tug kho raws architects. Mos xau nws thiaj li subsided, thiab tam sim no Suav restorers muaj yog ib tug loj teeb meem: yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob poob rau ntawm lub ancient sights. Qhov teeb meem no los ua yus: Laus cib pib crumble. Nyob rau hauv 1981, cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm subsidence tswj kom tswj. Nws twb sau tseg thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination. Nws yog 2.47 degrees. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus ntsis yog spaced ntawm lub hauv paus los ntawm 2,32 meters.

Kev ntxhua pej thuam nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab

Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, raws li koj muaj peev xwm feem ntau nrhiav banked (tej zaum nyob rau hauv heev txaus ntshai lub) ntawm lub tsev. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws - Nevyansk pej thuam. Nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub eponymous koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov Sverdlovsk cheeb tsam. Nws yog ib tug monument ntawm lub xyoo pua. Txawm li cas los, lub yeeb koob ntawm lub ntxhua pej thuam coj tsis hnov qaij lub, thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb hnov chav tsev. Nyob rau hauv nws zoo heev acoustics. Muaj, nyob rau hauv lub Urals, yog tswb pej thuam ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nyob hauv lub nroog ntawm Usolye. Nyob rau hauv Kazan, lub zos cov neeg tseem ceeb Kremlin ntauwd Syuyumbike deviated ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm yuav luag ob meters. Thiab thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv Solikamsk ntawm Holy Cross Cathedral kuj muaj ib tug "drooping" tswb ntauwd. Yuav ua li cas yog nthuav, yog vim li cas rau lub qaij ntawm vaj tse Lavxias teb sab pej xeem xav yeej tsis muab lub zog ntawm tectonic phiaj, subsidence los yog engineering miscalculations. Yuav liam rau dab ntxwg nyoog, txoj kev tuag ntawm tus ntxhais fuabtais Kazan (Syuyumbike) los yog nostalgia kes duab vajtse Athanasius ntawm haiv neeg Tula (Nevyansk).

Pisa, Bologna, Venice, Rome

Lub npe nrov tswb pej thuam ntawm tus Cathedral ntawm Pisa - tsis yog ntxhua pej thuam nyob rau hauv ltalis. Thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub nroog no, muaj lwm oblique qauv. Qhov no yog qhov tswb pej thuam ntawm tus Abbey lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Michael qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Barefoot. Thaum muaj ib tug secular medieval nroog ntauwd tsev, inhabited los ntawm noble tsev neeg. Nyob rau hauv Bologna, muaj ob tug vaj tse - Torah degli Asinelli (ib puas meters) thiab ib nrab hauv qab no lub Torah Garisenda. Ob leeg sawv ntsug nyob rau hauv txoj kev thiab Rizzoli yog lub cim ntawm Bologna. Nyob rau hauv Venice, poob yees thiab ob tug. Tus thawj yog nyob rau ntawm cov kob ntawm Burano. Qhov no yog qhov tswb pej thuam ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm San Martín. Qhov thib ob yog nyob rau hauv lub Castello koog tsev kawm ntawv. Qhov no yog qhov tswb pej thuam ntawm tus Greek Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm San Giorgio dei Greci. Ib av qeeg nyob rau hauv 1348 muab lub yav tas los ncaj militia Ntauwd (ua nyob rau hauv Pope dawb huv III) nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg.

"Curves vezhi" Poland

Marshland, muaj zog khov kho cua ntxiv tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv muab sawv mus rau lub ntog pej thuam nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Txawm li cas los, lawv modestly hu ua "curves". Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - Krzywe ntauwd nyob hauv Torun. Nws yog ib feem ntawm lub medieval chaw tiv thaiv ntawm lub nroog. Tsa nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum peb caug xyoo. Txij li thaum ces nws muaj ib tug ib nrab meters deviated los ntawm ntsug. Lwm "Krzywe Ntauwd" yog nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Zabkowice Slaskie, tias lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Anne (1413). Vim smeschaniya tectonic daim hlau ntawm lub kawg ntawm XVI caug xyoo, lub pej thuam pib yob. Tam sim no tus nqes hav ntawm ob meters. Pej thuam yog nyob Frankenstein tsev cia puav pheej. Wroclaw mus rau lub qub vaj tse ntawm lub nroog lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Idzi uas nyob ib sab nkhaus ntauwd Chapterhouse.

Inclined yees thiab lwm yam vaj tse

Peb yuav tsuas sau poob yees tawg khiav ri niab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov no laus lub tsev teev ntuj (Oude Kerk) nyob rau hauv lub Dutch lub zos ntawm Delft, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Margaret nyob rau hauv lub Romanian Medias. Vim lub peculiarities ntawm cov av ntawm sloping lug tsawg kawg yog ib npib ib xee ib lub teb nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United Kingdom thiab Ireland. Koj muaj peev xwm hu rau tus pej thuam Greyfriars Kirkyard nyob rau hauv kav cov vaj ntxwv Lynn, Bridgnorth (Shropshire), Kilmakdu nyob rau hauv Galway (Ireland), ib lub tsev fuabtais nyob rau hauv Wales Kaerfili, Alberta teev pej thuam nyob rau hauv Belfast. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, nyob rau hauv Ulm kuj muaj ib tug ntxhua pej thuam nrog ib tug inclination rau 3,3 °. Thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub Kiev Lavra Great Tswb ntauwd qaij de los ntawm 62 centimeters nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj coj, hais tias cov kev tsim kho qhov siab ntawm 96 meters yog heev hnov li cas.