Vim li cas cov neeg tsis ntseeg ntseeg dua li cov ntseeg?

Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb, kws tshawb fawb tau tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo: ib atheist, raws li ib txoj cai, yog ntse dua ib tug neeg ntseeg.

Nws tsis paub tseeb vim li cas qhov kev sib haum xeeb no tseem muaj qhov kev sim siab, tab sis cov neeg tshawb nrhiav pom lawv tus kheej piav qhia: kev ntseeg yog kev xav, lawv hais, thiab cov neeg uas tuaj yeem siab tshaj qhov kev xav tau yog cov ntse tshaj cov neeg vam khom lawv.

"Kev txawj ntse daws teeb meem ntawm kev ua kom muaj peev xwm yuav nkag siab raws li kev cuam tshuam txog kev ua lag luam kev xav thiab kev paub txog txoj kev xav tau qhib rau cov neeg tsis muaj lub koom haum," hais tias tus kws sau ntawv tshawb Edward Dutton, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Txoj Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Ulster hauv tebchaws United Kingdom.

Tswvyim ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb

Nyob rau hauv Greece thiab Rome nws tau sau tseg tias "ruam" yuav tsum yog kev ntseeg, thaum "ntse" feem ntau tsis ntseeg. Dutton thiab tus kws sau ntawv ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb fawb, Dimitri Van der Linden, tus pab cuam xibfwb ntawm kev xav ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Erasmus ntawm Rotterdam nyob rau hauv Netherlands, sau: "Cov kws tshawb fawb tsis yog cov neeg uas tau pom lub koom haum no. Peb tau tshawb xyuas 63 qhov tseeb thiab pom hais tias cov neeg ntseeg tsis muaj tswv yim zoo dua cov tsis ntseeg. "

Tab sis vim li cas ho muaj li qhov zoo sib xws? Dutton xav tias qhov no yog vim muaj qhov tseeb tias cov neeg tsis ntseeg yog cov tsis paub zoo txog kev ntseeg, thiab yog li lawv to taub zoo dua tias tsis muaj Vajtswv.

"Feem ntau tsis ntev los no, kuv pib xav paub seb kuv puas yog qhov tseeb tiag," Dutton hais Txog Txoj Haujlwm Loj. "Kuv tau pom cov pov thawj uas cov kev txawj ntse tau txuam nrog tej hom kev ntxub."

Nthuav kev

Piv txwv, ib txoj kev tshawb fawb 2012 tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Cwm Ceg thiab Kev Psychology" qhia tias cov tub ntxhais kawm qib siab feem ntau yuam kev tawm tswv yim, tab sis tsis paub nws. Qhov no hu ua "blind spot" yog siv rau thaum cov neeg tsis tuaj yeem txhom tau lawv tus kheej txoj kev xav. "Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, ib qho chaw qhia ntau qhov chaw dig muag tau txuam nrog ntau dua peev xwm," cov neeg tshawb xyuas sau rau xyoo 2012 rov qab.

Cov lus nug uas tau nug rau cov tub ntxhais kawm tau nthuav: "Lub nplhaib thiab pob khoom tsuas yog $ 1.10 xwb. Tus nqi qis yog $ 1.00 ntau dua pob. Npau taws npaum li cas? ".

"Cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau txhawb lossis soj ntsuam thawj qhov kev txiav txim siab uas sawv hauv lawv lub taub hau," cov kws tshawb fawb sau. Yog tias lawv tau ua, lawv yuav nrhiav tau cov lus teb: pob nqi 5 xees, thiab tus nqi qis yog $ 1.05.

"Yog cov neeg txawj ntse coj lawv tus kheej txoj kev xav, nws txhais tau hais tias lawv tsis paub meej txog qee yam," Dutton tau hais.

Qhov yooj yim instinct

Cov kev ntseeg "kev ntseeg-xav" yog hloov kho ntawm tsab cai idea tsim los ntawm Satoshi Kanazawa, tus kws tshawb fawb evolutionary psychologist nyob rau London School of Economics. Nws tsis koom nrog txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tshiab.

"Kanazawa txoj kev xav tau sim piav qhia qhov sib txawv hauv kev coj cwj pwm thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg ntse thiab ntse tsis txawj ntse," hais tias Nathan Kofnas, xibfwb nyob rau hauv philosophy hauv Oxford University hauv United Kingdom.

Qhov kev pom zoo yog ua raws li ob txoj kev xav. Cofnas hais tias: "Ua ntej, peb muaj kev yoog raws li cov teeb meem rov tshwm sim uas peb yawm txiv neeg yos hav zoov hauv African African savannah ntsej muag. Qhov thib ob, "kev txawj ntse", ntsuas los ntawm IQ kev xeem, yog tsim los pab peb daws peb cov teeb meem tsis muaj teeb meem uas peb tsis tau tsim kho kev xav ntawm kev xav. "

"Assumptions txhais tau hais tias cov neeg ntse yuav tsum zoo dua li cov neeg ruam uas daws cov xwm txheej thiab cov chaw uas lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis muaj," said Cofnas.

Kev pom ntawm lub ntsej muag

"Qhov kev qhia no yog qhov txaus siab, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua yog tias cov neeg tshawb xyuas pom tseeb tias lawv txhais li cas los ntawm" kev ntseeg kev xav, "Kofnas kuj tau sau tseg.

Dutton thiab Van der Linden hais tias yog kev ntseeg muaj lub hauv paus, ces neeg tsim nyog kov yeej nws thiab ua neeg tsis ntseeg Vajtswv. Tab sis, tsis paub txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ntseeg kev xav, cov kws tshawb fawb yeej tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov kev ntseeg, lossis tsawg kawg ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv, kuj ua rau kev xav.

Piv txwv, tus kws sau ntawv Christopher Hitchens suav hais tias kev ntseeg yog kev ntseeg. Nws tau ntseeg tias kev ntseeg thiab tsis yog kev ntseeg kev ntseeg vam khom rau txoj kev ntseeg, qhia txog lawv tus kheej nrog zej zog ntawm cov ntseeg thiab cov neeg saib kev ntseeg.

Kev ntseeg thiab kev ntxhov siab

Cov neeg tshawb xyuas kuj kawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev xav thiab kev nyuab siab, xav txog tias cov neeg yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab vim muaj kev ntxhov siab, piv txwv, hais txog kev ntseeg hauv qee lub neej nyuaj. Cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias txoj kev txawj ntse pab tib neeg ua kom siab tshaj cov kev xav hauv kev ntxhov siab.

"Yog tias txoj kev ntseeg txoj kev ntseeg tiag tiag yog qhov chaw tsim kev xav, ces nws yuav loj tuaj thaum muaj kev nyuab siab, thaum tib neeg nyiam ua yeeb yam, thiab qhov no muaj pov thawj meej," said Dutton. "Nws kuj txhais tau hais tias kev txawj ntse tau tso cai rau peb los txiav txim, pib ntawm qhov teeb meem thiab qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm peb cov kev ua." Cov neeg uas tuaj yeem siab tshaj lawv cov kev xav tau zoo dua yog tias daws cov teeb meem ntawd. "

"Xav tias ib tug neeg tawm tsam koj. Koj lub siab xav yuam kom ib tug neeg ntaus tus neeg ntawd, "hais tias Dutton Live Science. "Ib tug neeg smarter tuaj yeem txav deb ntawm txoj kev ua li no, sib cav tias nws zoo dua los daws qhov teeb meem raws li lawv xav tau ntawm nws."

Cov kev tshawb fawb tau piav saum toj no tau muab tshaj tawm rau lub Tsib Hlis 16 nyob rau hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Evolutionary Psychological Science.