Vim li cas kuv yuav tsum tau pab txhawb uranium? ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsom

Cov tsab xov xwm qhia txog yog vim li cas txhawb uranium, yog dab tsi, qhov twg yog ua, nws siv thiab dab tsi yog qhov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm ntxiv.

Thaum pib ntawm lub nuclear era

Tej ntaub ntawv uas raws li uranium paub rau cov neeg nrog rau feem ntau ancient lub sij hawm. Tab sis tsis zoo li peb lub sij hawm, lawv tau siv nws tsuas rau lub creation ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb glaze rau ceramics thiab ib co hom xim. Nws yuav siv rau qhov no tej yam ntuj tso uranium oxide, uas deposits yuav muaj nyob rau hauv ntau nqi nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov continents ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Ntau tom qab, qhov no caij xav chemists. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1789 lub German kawm Martin Klaproth muaj peev xwm mus muab tau cov uranium oxide, uas nyob rau hauv nws cov tsis tau zoo ib yam li hlau, tab sis nws tsis yog. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1840, lub Fabkis chemist tsim Peligot tam sim no uranium - ib tug hnyav, nyiaj thiab lub tej hlau, uas Dmitri Mendeleev ua nyob rau hauv nws periodic rooj hais. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi koj yuav tsum txhawb uranium thiab yuav ua li cas nws tshwm sim?

peb lub sij hawm

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub ntuj uranium ore yog tsis ntau sib txawv los ntawm tus so. Qhov no loj heev paving pob zeb xeb xim, uas yog muab rho nyob rau hauv mines lub feem ntau ib txwm txoj kev - tshuab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm deposits thiab thauj mus rau qhov chaw rau tom ntej ua. Lub fact tias qhov no tej yam ntuj tso tshuaj muaj tsuas 0,72% U235 isotope. Qhov no yog tsis txaus rau kev siv nyob rau hauv reactors los yog riam phom, thiab ces tom qab lub tsi nws twb pauv mus rau ib tug gaseous lub xeev thiab pib txhawb uranium.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub txoj kev ntawm txoj kev no, muaj ntau ntau yam, tiam sis feem ntau pheej thiab dav siv nyob rau hauv Russia yog ib cov roj centrifuge.

Nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb installation pumped gaseous uranium compound, tom qab uas lawv yog untwisted rau loj loj velocities, thiab muaj ib tug kev sib cais ntawm cev ntas molecules los ntawm lub ntsws thiab grouping lawv nyob rau hauv lub nruas phab ntsa.

Ces, cov fractions yog sib cais thiab ib tug ntawm lawv yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau uranium dioxide - tuab thiab khoom, uas yog ces tau ntim rau ib yam ntawm cov "tshuaj" thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib tug kiln. Hais tias yog dab tsi koj yuav tsum txhawb uranium, raws li cov zis feem pua ntawm cov U235 isotope ntawm qho kev txiav txim ntawm qhov ntau dua, thiab muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv reactors los yog nyob rau hauv riam phom systems.

exports

Yog hais tias cov kev tshwm sim yog ib tug yooj yim to taub piv txwv li, lub kawm ntawm no yog inherently dog dig tsa zus tau tej cov hlau - nyob rau hauv tus thawj, tej yam ntuj tso daim ntawv no yog dab tsi tsis haum daim ore, uas yog ces hloov dua siab tshiab mus rau ntau yam kev ua khoom steel.

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv xovxwm feem ntau hnov hais tias muaj ntau tsawg tsim piv rau tib lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws feem ntau xav yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau enriched uranium?

Qhov tseeb yog hais tias yog tus txheej txheem no yog muab ib qho piv txwv nrog cov roj centrifugation nyuaj heev, thiab los tsim kom tau cov chav nyob tsis tau tag nrho. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, peb yuav tsum tau tsis ib zaug xwb tshaj plaws, tab sis ib tug tag nrho cascade ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav paub lawv txoj kev theem, nws yog tsim nyog hais tias uas tig cov "drums" nyob rau hauv ib tug ceev ntawm 1500 revolutions ib feeb thiab tsis muaj siv ceev xwmphem. Cov ntaub ntawv - 30 xyoo! Vim hais tias tej lub teb chaws yuav enriched uranium nyob rau hauv Russia.

Qhov twg uranium yog mined nyob rau hauv Russia?

Tsuas 93% ntawm uranium ore ua nyob rau hauv lub Trans-Baikal cheeb tsam, nyob ze lub nroog ntawm Krasnokamensk. Thiab enriched uranium rau Russia ua "TVEL".

daim ntawv thov

Nrog rau cov hloov siab los ntseeg nyob rau hauv ib tug high-kev ua tau zoo kev twb kev txuas txheeb tawm, tab sis yog vim li cas yog nws yuav tsum tau? Cia peb xav txog ob ntawm lub ntsiab qhov chaw.

Tus thawj yog ntawm chav kawm, lub nuclear reactors. Lawv muab hluav taws xob tag nrho lub zos, harbour autonomous spacecraft mus kawm rau hauv lub deb ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm peb cov ntiajteb, muaj submarines, icebreakers, kev tshawb fawb ships.

Ob, nws yog riam phom uas huab hwm coj puas tsuaj. Qhov tseeb yog clarified - namely uranium bombs tau ntev tau siv, nws tau ntau xyoo qhov riam phom-qib plutonium. Nws ua los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb raug rau cov uas tsis-enriched uranium reactors.

Myths xwb thiab nthuav tseeb

Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm Soviet saib nws yog tias txaus ntshai criminals los yog "cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg" yog hais txog mus rau lub uranium mines uas yog nws cov fleeting tsis yog theej txhoj. Thiab ntawm cov hoob kawm, ib tug ntev lub sij hawm lawv tsis nyob twj ywm muaj vim hais tias ntawm cov tawg.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws tsis yog. Tsis particular txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no ntau lawm muaj, lub ntuj tej ore yog tsawg tsawg, thiab cov neeg, yog muab tso rau bezvylazno lub kuv yuav tuag sai los ntawm ib tug tsis muaj tshav ntuj thiab huab cua ntshiab tshaj tawg kev mob kev nkeeg.

Txawm li cas los, cov ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm tau cawm, tsuas 5 teev ib hnub twg, thiab muaj ntau yog ua hauj lwm muaj rau tiam, debunking cov tswvyim hais ua dabneeg ntawm qhov txaus ntshai destructiveness ntawm xws lawm.

Thiab vim hais tias ntawm lub depleted uranium, los ntawm txoj kev, ua cores riam phom zoo li. Qhov tseeb hais tias uranium yog npaum li cas hnyav zog thiab muaj zog hlau lead hauv cov nqa cov amazing ntsiab zoo, thiab tseem muaj ib tug ib txwm mus rau catch hluav taws raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj, tom qab ib tug txhua yam tej yam rau lawv.

Yog li ntawd peb xam tawm li vim li cas peb yuav tsum tau enriched uranium, qhov twg nws yog siv thiab rau dab tsi lub hom phiaj.