Niaj hnub nimno txhais tau tias ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Tshuaj yam. Rau yam tseem ceeb ntawm ntau yam keeb kwm

Niaj hnub nimno txhais tau tias ntawm loj kev puas tsuaj siv nyob rau hauv armed teeb meem, muaj peev xwm yuav muab faib ua peb yam: tshuaj, lom thiab nuclear riam phom. Lawv tag nrho cov sawv cev rau ib tug zoo nyab xeeb rau lub neej, tsis tau tsuas yog cov tub rog tab sis kuj civilians.

tshuaj riam phom

Thawj rau cov tshuaj yam muab nws tus kheej muaj nyob rau hauv 1915, thaum tshuaj lom tebchaw tau siv los ntawm lub German pab tub rog nyob ze ntawm lub Belgian nroog ntawm Ypres. Los ntawm ib tug ntawm cov nres 6000 tus neeg raug tua thiab lwm 15,000 tiag raug mob. Vim qhov no hom ntawm riam phom twb lossi zoo tuaj. Feeb ntau, nws yog ua los ntawm tej yam tshuaj lom thiab lawv txhais tau tias tus me nyuam mus rau lub hom phiaj.

Lub hauv paus ntawm tshuaj riam phom - lom lom tebchaw. Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam cov neeg thiab cov tsiaj yog thaj tsam mob, huab cua, dej, thiab tus so ntawm qhov chaw. Raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm tus me nyuam siv mines thiab rockets, av mines, tej tawg hem, grenades.

Tshuaj yam (yam rau) cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub thaj chaw ntawm tshuaj lom uas muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Tej riam phom yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, tab sis kuj yuav txo nws kev sib ntaus los hauj lwm zoo. Yog li, nws yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv pab mus ua kom tiav cov hauj lwm raws li ib tug adjuvant. Secondary yam rau cov tshuaj riam phom yog ntxiv txim ntawm nws siv. Cov phenomena yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rau tus kab mob sib kis ntawm cov ib puag ncig, khoom noj khoom haus khoom siv, riam phom, ris tsho, thiab hais txog. D.

uas siv lub

Tej yam tshuaj lom muaj ntau physiological los. Los ntawm cov tshuaj riam phom yuav ua rau paj ntshawv siab nyob rau hauv lub cev. Cov zog yog soman, sarin, thiab hais txog. D. Lawv tshuaj yam (yam rau) teeb meem rau tib neeg lub cev thiab yog li ua rau tuag tes tuag taw, nqaij tu-sauv, thiab kev tuag. Cov teebmeem yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm lub paj hlwb kev ntshawv siab.

Tshuaj yam (rau yam) lyumizita thiab mustard muaj ib tug sawv hlwv. Los ntawm cov tshuaj kuj suffers plab zom mov, ua pa system thiab ob lub qhov muag. Lub cuam tshuam daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv ib ob peb teev tom qab lub sis raug zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv tej yam tshuaj lom feem ntau liab, thiab tom qab ntawd rau nws yuav tshwm sim hlwv thiab qhov ncauj tawm.

Ob peb lwm yam khoom yog cyanogen chloride thiab hydrogen cyanide. Lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm cov pa system los yog los ntawm lub plab ua ke nrog tshuaj lom cov zaub mov thiab dej. Cov tshuaj ua mob loj heev ua tsis taus pa, convulsions, tuag tes tuag taw, thiab qhov ntshai. Tshuaj yam (rau yam) ntawm ib co lwm yam tshuaj kuj ua rau cov tsos ntawm hallucinations, kev sib koom tes mob thiab kev puas hlwb kev ntshawv siab.

phytotoxins

Riam phom ntawm no hom yuav siv puas cov qoob loo (feem ntau cereals). Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim mus rau deprive cov yeeb ncuab ntawm khoom noj khoom haus stocks. Yog li ntawd tsis tsuas undermined cov zaub mov puag, tab sis kuj cov tub rog thiab nyiaj txiag tej zaum ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Tej tshuaj riam phom thiab nws rau yam ua ntiaj teb nto moo tom qab siv los ntawm lub US Army thaum lub sij hawm Vietnam War.

Maj mam muaj ib tug tag nrho pawg ntawm cov tshuaj lom - phytotoxins. Cov lawv sawv tawm lub herbicides siv los tua nyom nroj tsuag, zaub thiab cereals. Qhov yuav tshwm ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov li qhov teebmeem ntawm cov tshuaj xwm txheej. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub herbicide - Tus neeg saib xyuas cov txiv kab ntxwv. Nws thawj soj ntsuam kuaj cov British nyob rau hauv Malaya, ces tus Americans nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Nyab Laj. Lub npe yog ib tug siv mus rau lub yam ntxwv txiv kab ntxwv xim ntawm tej kas tham uas tau muaj tshuaj lom reagents. Niaj hnub no phytotoxins - ib qho tseem ceeb ua tsov rog ecological tsov rog.

Tiv thaiv tawm tsam cov tshuaj tua

Feem ntau cov feem ntau, cov niaj hnub tshuaj riam phom yog ib tug foob pob ua ntxaij bursting nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm xws li ib nres yog tsaus dissipated, settles sai huab dawb lias los yog dawb. Yog li ntawd tej yam tshuaj lom rau hauv cov huab cua, thiab ces - nyob rau hauv lub so ntawm qhov chaw. Lawv ncos yog kom meej meej pom nyob rau pavement, cov nplooj thiab cov phab ntsa. Lwm kos npe rau ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm tej yam tshuaj lom - pawg tuag ntawm cov noog, wilting nplooj thiab paj.

Cov huab toxicity ntawm niaj hnub tshuaj riam phom yog lub cai. Yog li ntawd, cov civilians thiab cov tub rog yuav tsum teb rau cov uas yuav muaj kab mob sai sai thiab ntseeg nkaws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj ib txwm ib yam dab tsi ntshai: tej ua yam tseem ceeb ntawm tshuaj riam phom yuav ua rau mob hnyav thiab tuag.

Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tswb daim npog qhov ncauj yog hnav. Thaum nws los txog rau yam uas muaj ib cov nyhuv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nws yog tseem yuav tsum tau hnav ib tug tshwj xeeb ce rau kev tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los, tus tov vaj tse yog ib tug vaj tse. Ua ntej koj yuav nkag mus rau hauv nws, neeg yuav tsum tau hle nws lub ris tsho, thiab cov txhais tau tias siv nws tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo nruab chaw nkaum rau lub hom phiaj no yog cov vestibule. Nws yog ib tug ntxiv precautionary ntsuas - li ntawd, koj yuav ua tau kiag li nco ntsoov hais tias lub chav tsev yuav tsis tau txais tej yam tshuaj lom.

Raws li zoo raws li yam rau cov tshuaj sib tsoo, cov kev txaus ntshai txuam nrog rau kev siv cov tshuaj riam phom, tos txiv neej nyob rau txhua txhua tig. Ib txhia cov neeg nrhiav (xws li cellars) tsis tau lees tias ib puas feem pua kev ruaj ntseg. Tej qhov chaw muaj peev xwm mus nqa nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kua droplet thiab ntawm tej yam tshuaj lom, tiam sis lawv yuav tsis tiv thaiv tiv thaiv gases, vapors, thiab aerosols nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tej zaum, cov neeg siv qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, Txawm tias thaum nyob rau hauv lub vaj tse.

Txhua tshuaj ua yam feem xyuam rau txoj ib tug neeg tsuas yog hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev tsom xam ntawm kab mob. Cia tej zaum yuav nyuaj heev rau qhov tsis zoo noj. Tshuaj riam phom thiab nws rau yam - qhov loj. Gases, aerosols thiab tshuaj tsuag cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yuav npog loj heev rau tej thaj chaw. Nyob rau hauv tej yam, rau qhov kev khiav tawm ntawm civilians, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yuav tsum tau high-zoo kev kawm thiab koj lub koom haum ntawm lub xeev.

lom riam phom

Lub hauv paus ntawm lom (bacteriological) riam phom yog lom nrog. Lawv raug xaiv rau lawv cov tub rog lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ua yam tseem ceeb ntawm riam phom ntawm tib neeg, tsiaj txhu thiab nroj tsuag muaj mob mob heev. Lom cov neeg ua hauj yuav tsum tau rau bacteriological tawm tsam, yog pathogens. Lawv yog cov pathogenic, piv txwv li. E. ua kis kab mob. Lawv lwm ua yam - cov khoom pov tseg. Ib zaug nyob rau tib neeg lub cev, lawv ua rau mob loj heev lom vim lawv cov qib high toxicity.

Nyob rau hauv ib co nthuav dav cov yam tseem ceeb rau cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lom riam phom muaj ib tug tej yam zoo sib thooj. Piv txwv li, nws yog kom meej meej tshwm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov qoob loo. Thiab tshuaj, thiab lom riam phom siv los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab cov qoob loo. Yuav kom qhov no yuav tau mus thov tsis tau tsuas yog cov kab mob, tab sis kuj kab - lub feem ntau txaus ntshai kab ntawm grain thiab zaub.

kab mob

Pathogens siv nyob rau hauv lom riam phom, raws li lawv cov yam ntxwv, muab faib mus rau hauv ob peb hom. Cov kab agents ib tug txawv qauv, loj thiab lwm yam khoom. Feem ntau cov kab mob. General yam rau lub nuclear, tshuaj lom neeg thiab lom riam phom tag nrho correlated nrog qhov kev nyab xeeb nyiag ua los ntawm cov creatures. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv lawv - ua kom puas los yog tsis muaj zog tus yeeb ncuab.

Cov kab mob muaj ib tug zaub keeb kwm. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog heev lam tau lam ua rau siab kub, tshav ntuj, disinfectants thiab ntse hloov mus hloov los nyob rau hauv av noo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, pathogenic cov kab mob yuav ua tau kom neeg tuag taus cov kab mob xws pathogens li anthrax, tetanus, botulism, kab mob plague, kab mob cholera, melioidosis, glanders thiab t. D. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob ciaj nyob rau hauv kub hauv qab no zero. Cov kab mob no yog npaj rau lom riam phom, yog zus nyob rau hauv dag tej yam kev mob. Rau lawv loj lawm technologies siv, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov tshuaj, vitamins thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.

Kab mob, rickettsiae thiab fungi

Lwm yam kev lom riam phom - kab mob. Cov txaus ntshai kab mob ua ib ke thiab muab tsis pub dhau nyob hlwb lwm tus neeg. Lawv yog cov cab rau hauv lub cev ntawm nws tus tswv. Kab mob yog ruaj khov nrog rau kev hwm mus kub hloov. Lawv yog cov causative cov neeg ua hauj rau ntau tshaj 70 kab mob, xws li mob yellow fever, smallpox, thiab lwm yam li ntawd, cov yam tseem ceeb rau cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lom riam phom yog Attendance txaus ntshai - .. Lawv muaj peev xwm ua rau mob loj cuam tshuam ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm lub cev thiab tus neeg mob tuag.

Ib nrab txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob Rickettsia nyob. Lawv ua kab mob xws li pom kub taub hau, typhus ua npaws thiab cov zoo li. D. Interestingly, rickettsia kis los ntawm arthropods nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso ib puag ncig. Yam rau cov nuclear, tshuaj lom neeg thiab lom riam phom yog cov sib txawv nyob rau hauv hais tias lawv yog heev tooj mus rau qhov. Rockets, cuaj luaj, tej tawg hem, warheads - tag nrho cov tsim los ua zoo li ib txwm nyob rau hauv nws teev ntawm kev puas tsuaj.

Lwm yam kev lom riam phom - nceb. Zoo li cov kab mob, lawv tseem yog zaub keeb kwm. Cov kab mob noob uas yog resistant rau desiccation thiab khov.

Kev nqis tes ua nyob rau hauv lom nres

Cov hauj lwm zoo lom riam phom dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias tom qab lub tsim ntawm lub hearth pathogens ntxiv rau kis ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm tag nrho cov neeg mob tshiab. Yog li, peb yuav tsum tau tsuas rau pib cov phaum mob, thiab nws ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob - ib tug teeb meem ntawm lub sij hawm. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug lom nres muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev ntsuas tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kom txhob tuag ntawm tag nrho cov neeg tshiab. Bacteriological riam phom muaj ntau yam vulnerabilities, uas yog sib txawv thiab cov tshuaj riam phom. Kev pab tiv thaiv los ntawm ua yam tseem ceeb, txawm li cas los, yuav tsuas yuav yog tias raws nraim paub nta yeeb ncuab nres - hom kab mob thiab lawv cov kev qaug zog.

Nyob rau hauv kev tsov kev rog kab mob yuav kis tau tsis tsuas yog los ntawm cov neeg zoo li, tab sis siv nas thiab kab - lub feem ntau muaj txaus ntshai pathogens cov kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov mos txwv nrog lom cov neeg ua hauj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib tawg yog ib tug yam ntxwv huab ntawm pos huab los yog hmoov.

Rau kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lom riam phom yog feem ntau siv qhov ncauj qhov ntswg thiab respirators. Lawv yog cov kuj me me, cov tswv yim thiab txhim khu kev qha. Tsis tas li ntawd yuav tsum hnav tiv thaiv cov khoom, npaj rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Raws li cov kev cai ntawm civil muaj txuj ci, neeg tau tawm hauv txoj kev thiab mus nyob hauv tsev nrog qhov rooj thiab qhov rais kaw. Qhov loj tshaj plaws - kom tsis txhob ingress ntawm cov kab mob cov neeg ua hauj rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, cov khaub ncaws, los yog cov pa system.

Tiv thaiv ntawm cov pejxeem rau tej hom ntawm cov kab mob yuav ua tau tiav los ntawm cov txhob txwm tiv thaiv ntawm: .. Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv, siv serums, etc. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lom riam phom nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nyob twj ywm raws li kev tu cev thiab kev noj qab nyob yuav tsum muaj feem xyuam rau cov dej thiab kev noj haus. Ua noj yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsuas nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw cais los ntawm tus kab mob ua kom pom tseeb. Lauj kaub tais diav tsis tau tsuas yog tsum tau ntxuav nrog tshwj xeeb kev daws teeb meem, tab sis, rau ntau dua tseeb, yuav kho tau los boiling. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub phaum mob, ntau tshaj puas tau, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob kis ntawm ntshai. txhua txhua tus neeg lub zog yuav tsum tau qhia rau kev tiv thaiv zoo txim ntawm txoj kev siv ntawm ib tug txaus ntshai tus yeeb ncuab riam phom.

Thaum kawg, yuav tsum tau cais tawm. Nws mas nws yeej yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kab mob loj cov kab mob: kab mob cholera, kab mob plague, thiab lwm yam kev cais tawm hom uas yuav tsum tau rau ib tug zoo meej rho tawm ntawm mas ntawm tus kab mob los ntawm ib ncig pejxeem ... Thaum lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub tshwj xeeb cheeb tsam teem tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv thiab yog qhov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub commandant. Ua patrols, tswj lub zog, lawj txoj cai tsoom fwv. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ceev faj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov tsev kho mob, mob chaw zov me nyuam thiab nyob checkpoints.

Cov neeg uas nrhiav tau lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub cais tawm tsam, txwv tsis pub tawm nws cov kev txwv, raws li zoo raws li export lawv cov tsiaj thiab tej khoom. PP checkpoints yuav tsuas yuav lub taub hau ntawm lub Civil kws muaj txuj ci. Nruj me ntsis tshuaj transit zaj ntawm lub cheeb tsam cov. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog txwv tsis pub. Tshwj yuav tsuas yuav ua rau kev tsheb nqaj hlau thauj. Nyob rau hauv cais tej thaj tsam chaw tsis tu ncua tua. Kev cais tawm yuav tsuas yuav muab tshem tawm tom qab lub pathogen yog tua kiag li.

nuclear riam phom

Nuclear riam phom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XX xyoo pua, thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog. Raws li nws cov khoom thiab lub hwj chim nws yog lub feem ntau cov. Cov niaj hnub ua tub rog arsenal tso cai rau kev siv ntawm nuclear riam phom nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, nyob rau hauv dej, nyob rau hauv cov dej, nyob rau lub teb chaws thiab nyob rau hauv lub hauv av. Moj tej tawg los ntawm nws muaj peev xwm instantly puas neeg thiab puas cov khoom, ua kom puas vaj tse thiab tag nrho lub zos.

Tus thawj tsim nyog tau txoj kev siv cov nuclear warheads - ib tug poob siab yoj. Qhov no yog lub feem ntau haib tshaj nyob rau hauv ciav xws riam phom. Cov poob siab yoj los ntawm ib tug loj heev ceev nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia. Yog hais tias lub epicenter ntawm cov tawg yuav ib tug txiv neej, nws yuav tsum tau sab laug yam tsis muaj sij hawm ntawm txoj kev khiav. Lub tsuas tiv thaiv tawm tsam nuclear riam phom yog ib tug tshwj xeeb chaw thiab qhov chaw nkaum.

Lub tawg yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub teeb, muaj raws ntawm infrared thiab ultraviolet rays. Nws yog siv tau rau 15 vib nas this thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no ua rau mob tawv nqaij Burns thiab qhov muag puas tiv thaiv. Tiv thaiv tiv thaiv teeb tawg tau haus luam yeeb los yog los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb cov khaub ncaws ua los ntawm incombustible khoom.

tej kab mob sib kis

Ionizing tawg - ntau npaum li cas check thiab sij hawm ntev los ntawm ib tug nuclear riam phom. Nws yog ib tug flux ntawm neutrons thiab gamma rays, uas txeem mus rau hauv lub cheeb tsam tom qab 12 vib nas this tom qab lub tawg. Tawg muaj feem xyuam rau tag nrho cov uas muaj sia nyob. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj nws ua tawg kev mob kev nkeeg - ib tug txaus ntshai tus kab mob uas xaus li kev rhuav tseg lub cev los ntawm lub sab hauv thiab kev tuag.

Ib tug huab ntawm ib tug nuclear tawg yog ib qhov chaw ntawm tej kab mob sib kis. nws muab faib rau thaj tsam tej zaum yuav ntev tshaj pua pua thiab txawm txhiab tus kilometers. Tom qab kev sib cuag nrog lub radioactive tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub raug chaw tshwm sim hauv zos txhab ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Tej tebchaw tej zaum yuav tau txais mus rau hauv lub cev. Yuav kom tiv thaiv kab mob siv tshwj xeeb chaw thiab tus kheej kev tiv thaiv cov khoom.

Thaum interacting nrog cov ib puag ncig tawg los ntawm cov tawg tsam, nws tsim ib tug muaj zog electromagnetic mem tes. Nws hu plig lub cable thiab hlau kab, raws li zoo raws li xyuas cov khoom, xws li tswb tshuab, kev sib txuas lus thiab kev tswj. Yam rau lub nuclear thiab tshuaj riam phom txawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai rau lub neej. Uas yog vim li cas txoj kev siv cov khoom no yog txwv los yog txwv tsis pub nyob rau hauv ntau yam thoob ntiaj teb cov rooj sib txoos thiab ntawv cog lus.