Wilhelm Richard Wagner: A Biography. Richard Wagner thiab nws nto moo tej hauj lwm

Wilhelm Richard Wagner - German composer thiab theorist ntawm ua yeeb yam, ua yeeb yam thawj coj, neeg xyuas pib, polemicist, uas ua nto moo rau nws ua yeeb yam, uas twb muaj ib tug revolutionary tej yam nyob rau hauv Western suab paj nruag. Ntawm nws cov loj tej hauj lwm - "Lub Flying Dutchman" (1843), "Tannhauser" (1845), "Lohengrin" (1850), "Tristan thiab Isolde" (1865), "Parsifal" (1882 .) thiab lub tetralogy "Der nplhaib des Nibelungen" (1869-1876 gg.).

Richard Wagner: ib tug luv luv biography thiab creativity

Wagner yug rau Tej zaum 22, 1813 nyob rau hauv Leipzig, nyob rau hauv ib tug coj tus tsev neeg. Nws txiv tuag sai sai tom qab nws tus tub yug, thiab tsis pub dhau ib lub xyoo nws niam sib yuav Lyudviga Geyera. Nws tsis yog lub npe hu hais tias lub xeem wandering actor, qhov tseeb leej txiv ntawm tus me nyuam tub. Wagner music kev kawm ntawv yog random, kom txog rau thaum nws muaj 18 xyoo, thaum nws siv ib lub xyoo ntawm Theodore Vaynliga nyob rau hauv Leipzig. Nws pib nws cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1833 raws li ib tug lub suab qw neeg xyuas pib nyob rau hauv Würzburg thiab sau nws thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm, ua nyob rau hauv ib yam li cov German romantic compositions. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, nws lub ntsiab mlom yog Beethoven.

Wagner sau nws thawj thawj opera "fairies" nyob rau hauv Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1833, tab sis nws twb tauj tsuas yog tom qab lub composer tuag. Nws yog suab paj nruas thawj coj ntawm lub ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Magdeburg los ntawm 1834 mus 1836, qhov chaw uas nws tom ntej no txoj hauj lwm, "txwv tsis pub Hlub" raws li Shakespeare tus "Measure rau Measure", twb staged nyob rau hauv 1836. Opera raug kev txom nyem ib tug tag nrho fiasco thiab ua yeeb yam tsis muaj nyiaj. Txawm li cas los, cov teeb meem nyiaj txiag ntawm lub composer tag nrho ntawm tag nrho nws cov biography. Richard Wagner nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nyob rau hauv Königsberg nws yuav Minna Npaj, singer thiab actress, tau raug kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ib tug lub xeev ua yeeb yam rau lub neej. Ob peb lub hlis tom qab nws txais lub post ntawm cov suab paj nruag tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsav tsheb kiag ua yeeb yam, uas, li cas los xij, kuj tsis ntev mus tsis muaj nyiaj.

Cov ua hauj lwm ntawm Fabkis thiab rov qab mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees

Nyob rau hauv 1837, Wagner los ua tus thawj music thawj coj ntawm lub ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Riga. Ob xyoos tom qab, tom qab kev kawm uas nws daim ntawv cog lus yuav tsis tau ncua, nyob rau hauv lub cover ntawm hmo ntuj, nkaum los ntawm tiv nqi thiab lolus, qhov ob peb mus rau Paris, hoping kom nws ib tug lub xeev. Richard Wagner, uas nws biography thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Fabkis hloov zuj zuj heev txawv, raws li nws tau npaj tseg rau nws lub sij hawm muaj tsim ib tug muaj zog sib ntxub ntawm cov Fabkis suab paj nruas kab lis kev cai, uas tau yuav nrog nws txog qhov kawg ntawm lawv lub neej. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no, Wagner, muaj nyiaj txiag teeb meem, muag cov Paris Opera tsab ntawv "Lub Flying Dutchman" rau kev siv los ntawm lwm composer. Tom qab ntawd nws sau hais lwm version ntawm cov taleas. Tseg los ntawm lub Parisian suab paj nruas voj voog, Wagner txuas ntxiv mus sib ntaus sib tua rau lub Vocabulary ntawm: composing music rau Fabkis ntawv, sau tau ib cov Aria rau Bellini lub "Norma". Tab sis npaj siab los muab lawv tej hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv vain. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, tus huab tais ntawm Saxony pub Wagner mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Dresden lub tsev hais plaub ua yeeb yam, thiab qhov no ua rau nws Parisian lub neej.

Richard Wagner, chim los ntawm tus failures, nyob rau hauv 1842 nws rov qab mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab tswm nyob rau hauv Dresden, qhov twg nws yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov suab paj nruag rau lub tsev hais plaub lub tsev teev ntuj. "Rienzi" kuj zoo kawg tragic opera nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis style, enjoyed coj kev vam meej. Overture los ntawm nws yog tseem nrov. Nyob rau hauv 1845, nyob rau hauv Dresden, lub premiere ntawm "Tannhauser." Nws yog tus thawj undoubted kev vam meej nyob rau hauv Wagner cov hom hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv kaum ib hlis tib lub xyoo nws ua tiav cov ntawv ntawm cov libretto rau lub opera "Lohengrin" thaum pib ntawm xyoo 1846 pib sau ntawv mus rau nws music. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ntxim los ntawm cov Scandinavian sagas, nws ua rau kev npaj rau nws tetralogy "Lub Nplhaib ntawm lub Nibelung." Nyob rau hauv 1845, nws npaj tsab ntawv rau tus thawj ua yeeb yam ntawm cov tetralogy "tuag Siegfried," uas tom qab renamed lub "Twilight ntawm lub Gods."

Richard Wagner: ib tug luv luv biography. xyoo ntawm exile

Cov kiv puag ncig ntawm 1848 tsoo tawm nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Cov lawv yog Dresden, ib tug active koom tes nyob rau hauv lub revolutionary zog uas ua Richard Wagner. Biography thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm lub composer lom zem ntau vim lub sij hawm no ntawm nws lub neej. Nws sau caws nplaum tirades nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws magazine, tus kheej faib manifestos ntawm cov Saxon pab tub rog, thiab txawm dim qhov hluav taws kub nyob rau hauv tus pej thuam, los ntawm uas nws saib tus taw ntawm cov tub rog. Tej zaum 16, 1849 ib tug kev cai twb muab rau nws raug ntes. Nrog rau cov nyiaj ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab yav tom ntej nyob rau hauv-txoj cai Franz Liszt nws tau khiav los ntawm Dresden thiab cov kwv tij ntawm Paris rau Switzerland. Muaj, nyob hauv Zurich thiab ces nyob ze Lucerne rau tom ntej no 15 xyoo thiab hloov zuj zuj nws biography. Richard Wagner nyob, tsis muaj ib tug mus tas txoj hauj lwm, raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, nrog kev txwv tsis pub mus koom nyob rau hauv lub German ua yeeb yam rau lub neej. Tag nrho cov no lub sij hawm nws ua hauj lwm rau hauv lub "nplhaib des Nibelungen" uas yeej nws muaj tswv yim lub neej tom ntej no ob xyoo lawm.

Tus thawj staging ntawm Cai Richard Wagner tus opera "Lohengrin" twb muaj nyob rau hauv Weimar nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Franz Liszt nyob rau hauv 1850 (tus sau tsis tau pom nws ua hauj lwm ua ntej 1861). By lub sij hawm no lub German composer kuj tau koob meej raws li ib tug polemicist, thiab nws yuav tsum muaj theoretical ua hauj lwm, "Opera thiab Drama" tuaj tawm nyob rau hauv 1850-1851 gg. Nws tham txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm legends rau lub yeeb yam thiab yuav ua li cas sau ntawv rau lub libretto, thiab tau qhia rau nws xav txog qhov kev siv ntawm tus "tag nrho cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm art" uas hloov lub theatrical lub neej nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, yog hais tias tsis lub ntiaj teb no.

Nyob rau hauv 1850, Wagner twb luam tawm tsab ntawv "Judaism nyob rau hauv Suab paj nruag", nyob rau hauv uas nws hais lus heev lub hav zoov ntawm cov neeg Yudais composer thiab tshuab raj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub German zej zog. Anti-Semitism tseem ib txwm nws philosophy rau lub neej.

Nyob rau hauv 1933, lub Soviet Union, cov phau ntawv twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub "Lub neej ntawm Zoo tshaj plaws neeg" series AA Sidorova "Richard Wagner." Luv luv biography ntawm lub German composer preceded Lunacharsky lus uas yuav tsum tsis txhob impoverish lub ntiaj teb no, hla tawm nws ua hauj lwm, tab sis kuj sulilos "woe mus rau ib tug neeg uas yuav qhia no wizard nyob rau hauv peb lub yeej rog."

fruitful ua hauj lwm

Richard Wagner nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm sau ntawm 1850 thiab 1865 - mus rau lawv nws tshuav nqi nws lub koob npe nrov hnub no. Lub composer txhob txwm tshaj tawm shied deb ntawm kev ua hauj lwm los tsim ib qho epic voj voog ntawm no magnitude, uas tsis muaj ib tug ua ntej nws tsis encroach. Nyob rau hauv 1851, Wagner sau libretto rau "Young Siegfried", tom qab ntawd npe hu ua "Siegfried" los npaj rau hauv av rau cov "Twilight ntawm lub Gods." Nws pom tau hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav nrhiav pov thawj nws lwm yam hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv Ntxiv rau qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau mus sau ob ntau ua yeeb yam, thiab los ntawm tus kawg ntawm 1851 Wagner saib cov seem ntawv nyeem rau lub "Rings". Nws tas "Das Rheingold" nyob rau hauv 1852 tom qab kho dua ntawm lub libretto rau "Valkyrie."

Nyob rau hauv 1853, lub composer muaj teb pib sau ntawv "Das Rheingold". Lub orchestration tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1854th. Tom ntej no ua hauj lwm tiag pib Richard Wagner, "Tuag Walküre", nws twb ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1856-m. Thaum lub sij hawm no nws pib mus rau xav tias txog kev sau ntawv "Tristan thiab Isolde". Nyob rau hauv 1857, lub thib ob txoj cai ntawm "Siegfried" tau ua tiav thiab cov composer siab raus nyob rau hauv lub sau ntawv "Tristan." Qhov no ua hauj lwm twb tiav nyob rau hauv 1859, tab sis nws premiere coj qhov chaw xwb nyob rau hauv 1865 nyob rau hauv Munich.

tsis ntev los no xyoo

Nyob rau hauv 1860, Wilhelm Richard Wagner tau txais kev tso cai rov qab mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, tsis suav Saxony. Tag nrho cov amnesty twb tos rau nws nyob rau hauv ob xyoos. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws pib sau ntawv music rau lub opera "Lub Mastersingers ntawm Nuremberg", uas yog xeeb nyob rau hauv 1845-m. Wagner resumed ua hauj lwm rau "Siegfried" nyob rau hauv 1865 thiab pib ua sketches ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej "Parsifal", kev cia siab uas nws khaws cia txij li thaum nruab nrab-1840s. Composer opera pib thaum lub insistence ntawm nws patron Bavarian huab tais Ludwig II. "Tuag Meistersinger" tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1867. Lub premiere twb muaj nyob rau hauv Munich xyoo tom ntej. Tsuas yog tom qab uas nws twb tau mus rov pib dua ua hauj lwm rau lub thib peb ua los ntawm kev "Siegfried", uas tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1869. Nyob rau hauv tib lub hlis, nws twb xub ua opera "Das Rheingold". Lub suab paj nruag rau lub "Twilight ntawm lub Gods," lub composer sau ntawm 1869 thiab 1874

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm rau tag nrho cov kev voj voog "Der nplhaib des Nibelungen" ( "Das Rheingold," "Tuag Walküre", "Siegfried" thiab "Twilight ntawm lub Gods") twb tua nyob rau hauv lub "Festspielhaus", lub Festival ua yeeb yam uas Wagner ua rau nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv Bayreuth nyob rau hauv 1876, tom qab 30 xyoo tom qab lub tswv yim no ua ntej tuaj mus rau nws. Nws tau ua hauj lwm rau "Parsifal", nws tseeb ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv 1882. Lub ob hlis ntuj 13, 1883 nyob rau hauv Venice, Richard Wagner tuag thiab raug faus nyob rau hauv Bayreuth.

Philosophy tetralogy

"Lub Nplhaib ntawm lub Nibelung" occupies ib tug central chaw nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Wagner. Ntawm no nws xav tuaj tshiab cov tswv yim ntawm morality thiab tib neeg txiav txim, uas yuav tau kiag li hloov lub hom keeb kwm. Nws xav ib lub ntiaj teb free ntawm pe hawm supernatural qhev, uas nws ntseeg tau muaj ib tug yam ntxwv tsis zoo rau Western civilization ntawm ancient Greece rau tam sim no hnub. Wagner kuj suav hais tias yog qhov chaw ntawm tag nrho cov tib neeg kev ua ub no ntshai hais tias yuav tsum tau txais tshem ntawm uas tus txiv neej tau ua neej nyob ib tug zoo meej lub neej. Lub "nplhaib ntawm lub Nibelungen" nws sim piav ntau dua cov nqi rau cov neeg, tej yam uas yuav tus thawj tshaj cov neeg tsis muaj hmoo. Nyob rau hauv lem, raws li nws, mere mortals tau paub txog lawv tus kheej uas tsis muaj raws li txoj cai thiab muab splendor zoo tagnrho hero. Teeb meem txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab haiv neeg kev coj dawb huv, yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ib feem ntawm txoj kev npaj, uas harbored Richard Wagner.

Cov hauj lwm ntawm lub composer ua los ntawm txoj kev ntseeg tias tsuas yog tag nrho immersion nyob rau hauv ib tug piav thoob hlo kev yuav tso tus txiv neej los ntawm qhov xyuas ntawm rationality. Txawm tej zaum yuav tau ib tug tseem ceeb txoj kev ntse, txawj ntse lub neej no txawm Wagner li ib qho chaw khuam rau tau raws li lub teb ntau tus txiv neej khiav. Tsuas yog thaum lub txiv neej zoo tagnrho thiab qhov zoo tagnrho poj niam tuaj ua ke, transcendental heroic duab yuav tsum tau tsim. Thiab Siegfried Brungilda steel unbeaten tom qab xa mus rau txhua lub lwm yam; apart lawv cease yuav zoo meej.

Nyob rau hauv Wagner tus mythical ntiaj teb no yog tsis muaj qhov chaw rau txoj kev hlub tshua thiab idealism. Tau tsuas muaj kev zoo siab nyob rau hauv txhua lwm yam. Tag nrho cov neeg yuav tsum tau paub txog lub superiority ntawm ib co ntawm cov creatures, thiab ces nyo hau rau lawv yuav. Ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm nrhiav kom tau nws destiny, tab sis nws yuav tsum raws li cov nyiaj ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws, yog hais tias lawv paths hla. Lub "nplhaib ntawm lub Nibelungen" Wagner xav tig nws rov qab rau kev vam meej pub los ntawm cov Hellenic-ntseeg-Christian ntiaj teb no. Nws xav pom lub ntiaj teb no, uas yog yeej los ntawm lub dag lub zog thiab wildness, hu nyob rau hauv lub Norse sagas. Lub txim ntawm no philosophy rau lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees ua catastrophic.

Philosophy lwm ua yeeb yam

Nyob rau hauv "Tristan," Wagner tau kiag li hloov nws mus kom ze, tsim los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub "nplhaib ntawm lub Nibelung." Tiam sis, nws tshawb qhov tsaus ntuj nti sab ntawm txoj kev hlub mus dhia dej mus rau hauv lub depths ntawm lub tsis zoo kev. Tristan thiab Isolde, liberated, tsis ibtxhi hlub potion lawv muaj qaug dej qaug cawv, txaus siab rau ua kom puas lub nceeg vaj, kev hlub thiab ua neej nyob; sensual hwj chim ntawm txoj kev hlub yog suav tias yog no li puas, thiab style suab paj nruas chromaticism thiab loj heev orchestral pulsations yog zoo tagnrho rau cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov lus cog tseg ua yeeb yam.

Narcissism Wagner, uas yog tsis tiv thaiv ntawm txhua yam tab sis qhov muag tsis pom mus rau nws flaws, tuaj mus rau lub fore nyob rau hauv "Tuag Meistersinger." Zaj dabneeg no hais txog ib tug tub ntxhais hero-singer yuav tsum yeej xwb cov laus txiav txim thiab kos cia ib tug tshiab, ntau exciting style rau kab lig kev cai txuam tuam txhab ntawm Nuremberg - ib tug fairy taleas ntawm lub "nplhaib" nyob rau hauv ib tug me ntsis txawv guise. Wagner hais tias tab hais tias "Tristan" yog lub "nplhaib" nyob rau hauv tej yam me me. Obviously, nyob rau hauv "Tuag Meistersinger" composer qhia nrog tus Mexiyas daim duab ntawm ib tug hluas German kws sau paj lug thiab singer uas yeej lub nqi zog, thiab thaum kawg tau txais los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm ib tug tshiab zej zog - yog zoo intertwined tseeb sau thiab nws biography. Richard Wagner "Parsifal" txawm ntau sib qhia nws tus kheej nrog lub hero-tus Cawm Seej, lub saum ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Lub sacraments, thiab hu nkauj qhuas lub opera, nws kev txawj yuav ua tau lub yeeb koob ntawm tus sau, thiab tsis txhob ua cov vaj tswv.

Lub suab paj nruas lus

Raws li ntawm Wagner lub zeem muag yog li exciting li ua nws lub siab thiab metaphysics. Yog tsis muaj suab paj nruag, ua yeeb yam nws yuav tseem nyob twj ywm landmarks nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Western thought. Richard Wagner, uas nws music multiplies tus nqi ntawm nws ua hauj lwm ntau lub sij hawm, spawned cov lus, qhov zoo tshaj plaws nruab nrab yog nws philosophy. Nws npaj rau poob dej tuag tus kuj rog ntawm yog vim li cas los ntawm cov suab paj nruas txhais tau tias. Qhov tseeb tiag mas, lub suab paj nruag yuav tsum kav mus ib txhis, thiab lub suab thiab cov ntawv nyeem yog ib feem ntawm cov ntaub, interwoven nrog ib tug zoo kawg li web ntawm orchestration. Lus lus, feem ntau heev me thiab syntactically torturous, yog txais tsuas yog los ntawm cov suab paj nruag.

Rau Wagner suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev tsis yog ib tug ntxiv, woven rau hauv ib tug yeeb yam tom qab nws kawm tiav, thiab nws yog ntau tshaj ib ce muaj zog nyob rau hauv kev rhetoric, "kos duab rau daim duab lub hom phiaj." Nws uake lub neej thiab kos duab, kev muaj tiag thiab lub illusion ntawm ib symbiotic union, pheev lawv tus kheej khawv koob ntxim rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Wagner lub suab paj nruas lus no yog npaj rau debunk muaj kuab thiab ua unquestioning txais tus composer tej kev ntseeg. Nyob rau hauv Wagner nyeem Schopenhauer zoo tagnrho cov suab paj nruas dramas - qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug rog xav txog ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis lub ntiaj teb no nws tus kheej.

Tej qualities

Xws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub tswv yim lub neej ntawm Wagner tsis hais dab tsi txog cov extraordinary teeb meem nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej lub neej, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj ib tug tej yam nyob rau hauv nws opera. Nws yog tiag tiag ib tug charismatic daim duab uas tau kov yeej tej kev cov nyom. Nyob rau hauv Switzerland, lub composer nyob rau donations uas tau txais kev pab los ntawm tsab cunning thiab muaj peev xwm mus muab tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws pab mus rau thaj ntawm cov tsev neeg Wesendonck, thiab Matilda Vezendonk, ib qho ntawm ntau lovers ntawm Wagner tshwm sim rau nws los yog sau "Tristan."

Lub composer lub neej tom qab ncaim ntawm Saxony yog ib qhov series ntawm intrigue, controversy, npaj siab kom kov yeej lub indifference ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, searching rau lub zoo meej poj niam tsim nyog ntawm nws txoj kev hlub, thiab qhov zoo tagnrho patron tsim nyog tau kev pab los ntawm cov nyiaj uas nws yuav ua. Cosima von Bulow Liszt yog lo lus teb rau nws quest rau lub zoo meej poj niam, obsequiously thiab fanatically devoted mus rau lawv noj qab nyob zoo. Thaum Wagner thiab Minna rau tej lub sij hawm nyob ib leeg, nws twb tsis tau sib yuav Cosimo nyob rau hauv 1870, yuav luag kaum xyoo tom qab txoj kev tuag ntawm nws tus thawj tus poj niam. 30 xyoo yau dua nws tus txiv, Cosima so ntawm nws lub neej nplooj siab nws tus kheej Wagner tus yeeb yam ntawm Bayreuth. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1930

Nws muaj pov thawj ib qho zoo tagnrho patron Ludwig II, uas cia cawm tau Wagner los ntawm tshuav luag nqi 'tsev loj cuj thiab tsiv lub composer rau Munich nrog luag carte blanche rau lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm. Crown Prints Lyudvig ntawm Bavaria tau mus kawm lub premiere ntawm "Lohengrin" nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm kaum tsib. Nws hlub Richard Wagner - tsis quaj los kua muag ntawm kev kaj siab welling nyob rau hauv nws ob lub qhov muag ib zaug ib lub high-qeb duas txuj ci admirer ntawm lub composer thaum lub sij hawm ib tug ua tau zoo. Opera los ua lub hauv paus ntawm tus huab tais ntawm Bavaria fantasy ntiaj teb no, nyob rau hauv uas nws feem ntau khiav mus rau hauv nws laus lub neej. Nws xav xav tau nrog Wagner tus yeeb yam coj mus rau qhov kev siv ntawm ntau yam fairytale castles. "Neuschwanstein" yog tej zaum cov feem ntau nto moo qauv, inspired los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm lub German composer.

Tom qab nws cawm, Txawm li cas los, Wagner coj li offensively rau blindly adoring hluas huab tais hais tias tom qab 2 xyoo twb yuam kom khiav tawm. Ludwig, nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm nws chim siab, yog ib tug staunch supporter ntawm lub composer. Ua tsaug rau nws ua siab dawb pub nyob rau hauv 1876 yog tau thawj Success kev kawm ntawv ntawm "Der nplhaib des Nibelungen" nyob rau hauv Bayreuth.

Difficile Wagner twb convinced ntawm nws superiority, thiab nrog lub xyoo nws tau los ua nws manic lub tswv yim. Nws yog saib tsis tau tej kev ua xyem xyav, tej tsis ua hauj lwm coj nws thiab nws tsim yaam tshab. Txhua yam nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev xwb revolved ib ncig ntawm nws, thiab nws daim ntawv thov rau tus poj niam, mistresses, cov phooj ywg, musicians thiab philanthropists twb exorbitant. Piv txwv li, Hanslick, ib tug muaj koob Viennese music critic, los ua tus tsab Bekmessera nyob rau hauv "Tuag Meistersinger."

Thaum ib tug tub philosopher Fridrih Nitsshe thawj tau ntsib Wagner, nws xav tias nws tau pom nws txoj kev rau Vajtswv, yog li radiant thiab haib nws ciali rau nws. Tom qab ntawd Nietzsche pom tau hais tias cov composer yog ntau tshaj lub zoo meej incarnation ntawm Superman, yuav ua li cas nws los tshwm rau nws, thiab tig mus nyob rau hauv qias neeg. Wagner yeej tsis zam txim rau nws davhlau Nietzsche.

Qhov chaw nyob rau hauv keeb kwm

Nyob rau hauv thaum yav tas los tau Wagner outweigh nws tus cwj pwm, thiab nws txojsia. Nws muaj kev tswj los mus ciaj sia lub kom paub tseeb tseeb rejection ntawm tom ntej tiam ntawm composers. Wagner tsim xws ib tug zoo, cim suab paj nruas lus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub "Tristan" thiab "Parsifal" hais tias cov pib ntawm niaj hnub music yog feem ntau tham rau lub sij hawm ntawm tshwm sim ntawm cov ua yeeb yam.

Richard Wagner, uas nws nto moo tej hauj lwm tsis yog tas rau cov ntshiab formalism thiab paub daws teeb theoretical kev loj hlob, pom tias tej suab nkauj yog ib tug nyob kev quab yuam uas yuav hloov tib neeg lub neej. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog muaj pov thawj hais tias tus ua txoj ua yeeb yam yog ib tug lub rooj sab laj ntawm cov tswv yim, tsis yog tus scene ntawm kev khiav los ntawm kev muaj tiag thiab kev lom zem. Thiab nws tau qhia hais tias cov composer yuav rightfully muab nws qhov chaw nrog tus poj revolutionary thinkers ntawm Western civilization, nug thiab ua zuj dab tsi nyob tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov tsoos yam ntawm tus cwj pwm, kev, kev kawm ntawv thiab cov kev kawm. Ua ke nrog Karlom Marksom thiab Charles Darwin Richard Wagner biography, muaj tswv yim, cov suab paj nruag composer tsim nyog muab nws rightful qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo.