Winged Hussars. Polish Winged Hussars. Keeb kwm ntawm caj npab

Tus thawj nees-kos division ntawm lub Tug raug tsim yuav luag tib lub sij hawm raws li tus Polish xeev. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 10 - thaum ntxov xyoo pua 11th, Poland rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog yog ib tug me me lub xeev. Feem ntau ntawm nws nyob cais Slavic pab pawg neeg. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm lub nceeg vaj ntawm Poland ciam teb rau lwm nrog Prussia thiab knightly kev txiav txim, nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj - nrog Kievan Rus, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb - nrog rau cov Hungarian lub nceeg vaj.

Historians paub txog qhov thiaj li hu ua "saw armor brigades" Thawj lub sij hawm Mieszko thiab Boleslaw lub siab tawv. Vim nws muaj zog li hlau railings nceeg vaj ntawm Poland yog tsis ntaus nqi los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub ntaj thiab cov Teuton li tus yeeb ncuab. Tab sis cov neeg zej zog - Lithuanians - mus tsim lawv tus kheej nqi zog yog tsis hnyav nees tebchaw, raws li yog lub teeb cavalry, muaj armed nrog javelins thiab clubs. Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsis nres lub hnyav cavalry sash, uas txiav txim mus txeeb ib co chaw uas zoo heev Slavs thiab Prussians.

Polish hussars - lus cavalry

Thaum lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Grunwald Lub Xya hli ntuj 15, 1410 ntawm lub knightly kev txiav txim thiab lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Poland nyob rau hauv pab pawg nrog rau cov Lithuanian Principality loj loj pab mus rau yeej ua Tatar cavalry hais tias nws cov siab tsoo lub Crusaders tiv thaiv.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub Peb caug xyoo ua tsov ua rog nrog Sweden 1630-1660 xyoo ntawm tus Polish pab tub rog coj nyob rau hauv ntiav lus cavalry ntawm lub Lithuanians, Tatars, Serbs, Hungarians thiab lwm yam nationalities. Lawv zoo heev cov tub rog, uas paub yuav ua li cas siv tej yam yooj yim teeb meem heev dua li nyiam ua tsov ua rog nrog cov yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv orderly kab. Tab sis Sweden, uas tsis muaj hom ntawm pab tub rog, tiag ntshai tsam kev sib cuag nrog lub cavalry rau qhov mus kom ze ntawm lub phoojywg - Cossacks.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 16th xyoo pua Polish cavalry muaj nees hnyav ncawv tebchaw thiab lub teeb lus tej daim, uas muaj Tatar, Zaporozhtzi, Serb Lithuanian Moldovans thiab lwm yam haiv neeg. Cov tub rog rau lwm cov pov thawj nyob rau hauv ntau battles thiab battles. Tsim ib tug Polish cavalry lus qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis tu ncua tau los ua ib tug teeb meem ntawm lub sij hawm.

Rzeczpospolita - ib tug tshiab tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia txog cov teb chaws Europe

Thaum koom Poland thiab Lithuania, muaj ib tug thiaj li hu ua Rzeczpospolita, uas yog los tiv thaiv rau yav qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj ciam teb rau lwm twb yuav tsum tau tshiab cavalry units lighter tshaj kopeynye muaj innate caij. Tus tshiab system kws muaj txuj ci ntawm lub frontiers twb hu ua "poob nyob rau hauv-line", thiab nws cov thawj chief tsa Petra Myshkovskogo. Yog li ntawd ua ntej tuaj rau hauv lub Polish hussars. Thaum pib ntawm lub tsim ntawm cov tub rog lawv recruited neeg txawv teb chaws, xws li cov Serbs, thiab tom qab pib coj rov qab thiab Tug.

Hussar yog feem ntau muab faib mus rau hauv pikemen thiab archers, raws li nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua sawv ntawm Workers tus tiv thaiv ntawm tus ciam teb yog tsis txaus hnyav cavalry. Yog li ntawd, lub teeb hussar sib txuas kawm mus tua nyob rau hauv lub tuab thiab skirmishing.

Me ntsis tom qab ua tus nais khu hussars tub rog thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws no. Lub Polish pab tub rog nyob rau lawv nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog rau knightly cavalry. Txhua hmuv los yog ib tug phooj ywg (los ntawm Polish txhais tau tias "pab pawg phooj ywg") tau tuaj mus rau cov tub rog, ua ke nrog ib tug ob peb archers, hu ua paholikami. Lawv yuav tsum yog los ntawm 2 mus rau 14 cov neeg los yog ntau tshaj. Muaj heev neeg mob thaum tus hmuv yuav tuaj nws tus kheej, laus nrog saib xyuas. Riam phom paholiku yuav comrade, vim hais tias riam phom muaj tau varied.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th vim hais tias ntawm qhov loj muab faib rau cov teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv ntawm rab phom mus rau lub cavalry hnyav thov plummeted. Yog li ntawd, tus naas ej Polish King Stefan Batory, lub cleverest diplomat thiab ib tug skilful commander, thiab tau pib kho cov tub rog, nrog rau cov cavalry.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov Polish cov neeg tseem ceeb cavalry units

Nto moo nrog lub Polish nom tswv cajceg hussar ib feem maj hloov mus rau hauv cuirassier cavalry. Cov neeg tseem ceeb kev sib txuas pib coj muaj myiaj tswv av. Txhua yam ntawm lawv yuav tsum coj ua ke nrog ib tug 4-paholikov. Polish Winged Hussars yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug zoo nees. Mus ua tsov ua rog, lawv tau mus wield ib tug hmuv, armor thiab luj tshib los, lub kaus mom hlau, ib tug luv luv phom loj, saber los yog broadsword. Feem ntau, cov sab saum toj armor comrades coj qhws lub tawv los ntawm ntau yam tsiaj. Nyob rau hauv lub qub paintings tau feem ntau yuav pom raws li ib tug winged hussar hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv tsov txaij daim tawv nqaij, tsov txaij, Xyooj, hma thiab lwm yam tsiaj.

winged khwb

Comrades thiab paholiki feem ntau hnav tshaj lub armor tsim ntawm tus tis. Nws yuav yog cov tis ntawm qaib cov txwv, gus los yog dav dawb hau. Chiv ua me ntsis tis uas tau muab txuas rau lub ntaub thaiv npog los yog nyob rau hauv lub pommel ntawm lub eeb qab. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub zog ntawm feathers luam tawm ib unpleasant suab mus rau lub untrained nees tus yeeb ncuab. Coney cov yeeb ncuab yog enraged, tsis kam mus ua raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub caij - thiab tus yeeb ncuab kab tsoo mus txog rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm uncontrolled.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th hussar niaj hnub hloov: tis tau ua zoo thiab muaj pib yuav tsum tau txuas mus rau lub armor rov qab thiab dai tshaj lub taub hau ntawm lub caij. Tsaug rau qhov no, lub tis muaj sij hawm ntxiv - kev tiv thaiv los ntawm rider lasso thiab mitigating tej yam thaum poob. Ib txhia soj ntsuam ntseeg tau hais tias tus loj tis thiab tsiaj tawv, muab tso rau hauv cov cuab yeej ntawm ib tug tub rog, yuav tsum tau demoralize tus nrog sib ntaus. Qhov no conjecture muaj keeb kwm pov thawj.

Ib tug ntawm cov neeg koom nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua piv Polish regiments, tshwj xeeb yog cov muaj tis cavalry ntawm Vienna nyob rau hauv 1683, uas coj cov nres rau ntawm lub Turkish tub rog, nrog rau cov tubtxib saum ntuj fwjchim luj kawg nkaus, nqis saum ntuj ceeb tsheej los rau txim rau cov neeg txhaum. Lwm yam historians ntseeg hais tias qhov no kev lig kev cai tau los ntawm deb Asia thiab kis mus rau lub Ottoman Empire.

Tsim ntawm lub Polish hussar units

Hussar banner yog ib tug neeg tseem ceeb pab tub rog ntawm Rzeczpospolita. Nws khiav cov banner tus tauj ncov loj, nws pab yog lieutenant tswv xeev twb sawv hauv qab no, thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws yog qhov hais kom ua ncej ntawm sergeant.

Winged khwb yeej tsis muaj ntau npaum li cas, raws li muaj ib tug xws li warrior (nees, armor thiab riam phom) yog heev kim. Rau cov nyiaj uas koj yuav tau ib txhiab phom thiab nqi mus rau lawv los yog kaum 6-pounders. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ob regiments los yog squadrons ntawm winged hussars (tsis ntau tshaj 700-800 neeg) nyob rau hauv txhua pab tub rog corps.

Khoom Polish hussars

paholikov khoom yog tseem yuav mus nyob rau ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm nws comrades, lawv twb ua ntaj riam thaiv nrog ib tug ntau yam riam phom. Mounted compound cavalry suav 50-120. Thaum nyob rau hauv European lub teb chaws phasing tawm cov ntawv luam winged hussars txuas ntxiv mus siv rau lawv. ntau ntev yog 6-6.5 meters, thiab nws yog ib tug heev formidable riam phom.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th phom tseem txheej thaum ub. Rab yaj phom tom qab txhaj tshuaj los ntawm ib rab phom los yog ib lub mos txwv los ntawm ib tug deb tsis tshua hits lub hom phiaj, thiab reload nws coj ib tug ntau ntawm lub sij hawm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub winged hussars tswj los mus kov yeej qhov kev ncua deb rau tus yeeb ncuab thiab nws multimeter hmuv ris tus yeeb ncuab tsis muaj lub sij hawm rau recharge lub riam phom thiab tsis muaj lub ncav cuag saber los yog rab ntaj, uas tseem tsis tau withstand qhov ntev hmuv rau cov tibneeg thiab cavalry quab yuam ntawm kev cuam tshuam.

Nyob rau hauv ntau yam keeb kwm battles vim rau qhov cov fact nws twb yeej los ntawm ntshav battles, xws li sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Klushino nyob rau hauv 1610 tiv thaiv cov Swedes los yog cov sib ntaus sib tua nrog lub Lavxias teb sab ntawm lub Miracle nyob rau hauv 1660.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub luam nyob rau hauv lub hussars yog saber, ntaj ntev ntawm 1.7 meters rau chob yeeb ncuab armor thiab ob pistoles, mounted nyob rau hauv lub eeb holsters muaj bows.

Hussar uniform twb zoo nkauj heev, nws tau Gilded cov dluab nyob rau hauv siab nyob rau sab laug - tus niam ntawm Vajtswv, mus rau sab xis - ib tug Catholic ntoo khaub lig. Tab sis dhau li ntawm tus zoo nkauj nws yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv nws tus tswv. Hussar armor yuav mas ib tug tib neeg txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv ntawm ib tug musket ntawm ib tug deb ntawm nees nkaum paces, thiab los ntawm cov rov qab, lawv twb impenetrable rau kev txhaj tshuaj Rab yaj phom.

Tsis zoo ntawm cov Polish hussars

Txawm li cas los, tsis muaj koom haum pab qhov chaw thiab lub teeb infantry cavalry winged hussars muaj pov thawj rau ib qho yooj yim extraction maj mam rider uas, ua tau maneuver, nrog rau sab laug pin hussar txoj kab nrog rau rear sab los yog ntaus nws. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev uas nws twb yeej Polish pab tub rog, uas muaj ib tug hussar ntawm lub General Gordon, khiav Sokolnicki thiab Baron Odta nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Slobodischem nrog Zaporizhzhya Cossack regiments.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nom keeb kwm lub npe hu rau ib tug qhov tseeb, thaum lub Marshal Wallenstein thov Vajtswv King Sigismund III xa nws tsis tau cog lus tseg 10000-12000 winged hussars, thiab tib lub xov tooj ntawm Cossacks.

Polish Hussars li ib tsab ntawm Lavxias teb sab cavalry

Polish winged cavalry los ua tus tsab uas tau tsim thawj Lavxias teb sab cov neeg tseem ceeb hussar cavalry nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Lavxias teb sab hussar detachment ntawm 735 cavalry yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1634. Nws muaj peb cavalry pawg khiav Khovanskii tub huabtais, tub huabtais Mescheretskogo thiab tus tauj ncov loj ntawm Rila. Qhov no pab pawg neeg tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv Tula.

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub rooj plaub thaum nyob rau hauv 1654, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab sab twb dhau txog ib txhiab winged hussars nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm Keele.

Poland 18th xyoo pua thiab Napoleon tus pab tub rog

Thaum lub lem ntawm 18-19 centuries, lub Polish units ua ke nrog Fabkis pab tub rog nqa tawm tub rog campaigns tiv thaiv ltalis thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees. Cov tub rog tsim hu ua lub Danube thiab cov Italian legions. Lawv lub hauv paus rau zus tau tej cov nto moo Vislskogo Legion. Nyob rau hauv 1809, lub Polish pab tub rog ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua supplemented los ntawm ob Hussars tsim Marshal Poniatowski nyob rau hauv Galicia. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1812 Poniatowski txib ib tug hussar muaj peb pawg. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov no twb tsis yog tus winged hussars, terrifying mus medieval teb chaws Europe, ib lub teeb cavalry.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov Polish hussars twb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub Napoleonic troops:

• Ob tug Hussars Brune raws li ib feem ntawm lub vaj tse;
• ib Hussars tso kom muaj kab muaj kev nyob rau hauv lub brigade Syubervi;
• nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1813-1814 Polish teeb cavalrymen twb nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm lub 8 Corps Poniatowski thiab 4 Kelerman vaj tse nyob.

Polish Army regiments muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov Napoleon tus Marshals. Piv txwv li, lub tsev Poniatowski, uas paub ntau mus rau lub qub Smolensk txoj kev loj, Kutuzov yuam lub Cuaj hlis 5, 1812 los thim ntawm lub Shevardino redoubt. Nws yog tus pib ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino, nyob rau hauv uas lub Tug twb tau ntse coj lub zos Utitsa.

Poland thiab nws cavalry nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX

Tom qab lub yeej thiab overthrow ntawm Napoleon nyob rau hauv 1814, Poland rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm cov teb chaws Europe yog suab tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Nws twb muab faib ua qhov chaw ntawm Russia thiab Austria-Hungary, raws li tau zoo raws li lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Prussia.

Poland tau nws kev ywj siab xwb nyob rau hauv 1917, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yog dua tsim hussar cavalry regiments. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914 lub Polish hussars tawm tsam yog ib feem ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nyob rau sab ntawm Austria. Whereas lub Polish legion txib los ntawm Pilsudski. Cov hussars tau kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub civil tsov rog nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv Siberia thaum Kolchak tus tub rog. Hussar units tau pom nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov tub rog ntawm Tukhachevsky nyob rau hauv 1920.

Keeb kwm ntawm Polish winged hussars tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1939, tom qab lub hlis ntawm ntshav battles thiab cavalry nrog sabers capital ntawm Poland twb muab tso rau tiv thaiv tso tsheb hlau luam - Warsaw.

Nthuav keeb kwm tseeb txog lub winged hussars

Polish hussar cavalry nyob rau hauv lub 16-19 centuries ob nthuav lub npe: nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws no raug hu ua elearami thiab cov yeeb ncuab - ya hussars, leej twg, vim hais tias ntawm cov tis qab tiag tiag li ya hla lub battlefield.

Tsis tas li ntawd volatile hussars Vaj kub siab heev txhua leej txhua tus nrog nws views. Nws tau mus rau lub tsis oddities. Yog li ntawd, cov tub rog ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, tau ua nyob ze Kazan, tuaj nyob rau hauv zoo kawg tsis meej pem thaum lawv pom txawv teb chaws Cossacks - Hussars, festooned muaj plaub thiab tawv ntawm ntau yam tsiaj txhu, los ntawm tsov txaij ua tau. Feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog xav tias lawv pom nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Khab, thiab tsis niaj hnub cavalry.

Raws li niaj hnub no yuav luag tag nrho cov me nyuam xav tau astronauts los yog paratroopers, thiab nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 yuav luag tag nrho cov Polish hluas xav tau hussars. Tab sis nws yog ib tug neeg tseem ceeb lub tsev, yuav zoo heev. Lawv yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug siab txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev ntaus kis las physique, ib tug zoo li hlau railings thiab cov tub rog kev cob qhia, thiab dlej nyiaj txiag kev pab, raws li cov hussar yog zoo nkauj thiab kim tiab (cov neeg tseem ceeb tom qab tag nrho cov!), Muaj ib tug nees, thiab tej zaum ib tug ob peb nees, muaj tag nrho cov qhov tsim nyog cov khoom thiab riam phom, thiab lub xeem, tab sis tsis tsawg kawg yog zoo tshaj - ntshai. Rau zoo yog vim li cas Lannes, Marshal ntawm Napoleon tus pab tub rog, hais tias thaum lub sij hawm uas lub hussars, uas yog peb caug xyoo laus thiab nws yog tseem tsis tau tuag, - pov tseg, tsis yog tus hussar.

Lub cim xeeb ntawm cov winged cavalry

Tab sis lub winged hussars tsis mus heev yav dhau los. Rau cov Polish neeg, cov tub rog tau noble, siab tawv thiab siab tawv defenders ntawm lawv lub teb chaws thiab lawv cov av. Rau nws lub sij hawm, lub cavalry yeej "tsis ua tsov rog" nyob rau hauv kev daws ntau yam ua tub rog tsis sib haum.

Noble thiab cov neeg tseem ceeb regiments Winged khwb tsaug nkag mus rau hauv lub cim xeeb tsis tsuas Tug, tab sis tag nrho cov neeg uas nyob hauv nyob sib ze lub xeev. Lawv thiab yog lub teb chaws heroes ntawm tag nrho cov tiam ntawm Polish cov hluas.

Txawm tam sim no, nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, muaj ib tug nyoob hoom qav taub sib ntaus los tsev hu ua nyob rau hauv lub Polish pab tub rog "Winged Hussars". Tsis ntev los no, cov helicopters tau sib sib zog nqus Modernization thiab re-khoom ntawm tus tshiab anti-tank cuaj luaj thiab tua hluav taws tswj systems. Qhov no Polish nyoob hoom qav taub yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws fights nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm aircraft.