Sorbs nyob qhov twg? Sorbs (union ntawm cov pab pawg neeg)

Sorbs - lub kawg heev heev haiv neeg ntawm cov tam sim no uas twb muaj lawm, uas muaj xws li ib pab pawg neeg ntawm Slavic neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yog ib tug ncaj xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm ib qho ntawm feem ancient haiv neeg ntawm cov teb chaws Europe - Polabian Slavs, nrog rau cov Serbs, Croats thiab lwm yam Slavs inhabiting lub Balkans niaj hnub no. Tab sis cov keeb kwm ntawm Serbs thiab lawv cov khub Sorbian yuav txiav txim rau cov kev pab los ntawm DNA tsom xam. Yog vim li cas yog cov fraternal haiv neeg li txawv hnub no? Thiab yog vim li cas Sorbs, cov duab uas tsis qhia ib tug muaj zog sib cais los ntawm lub German ib puag ncig, yog li muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog lawv lub teb chaws yog leejtwg? Qhov no yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Polabian Slavs - lub ancient Slavic haiv neeg

Polabian Slavs muaj lawv tus kheej lub xeev, uas nrhiav tau lub Union ntawm pab pawg neeg: lutici, bodrichey thiab Serbs. Alliances ntawm cov pab pawg neeg - tus raug txoj kev ntawm Workers hwj chim nyob rau hauv pagan Slavs, ncaj qha txuam nrog kev cai dab qhuas cults tiv. Rau lub hom phiaj vim li cas, xws lub koom haum ntawm lub hwj chim yuav tsis withstand ntau hnyav Christian lub xeev tsim nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Kev Cai Raus Dej European nom tswv cajceg yeej tsis xav kom muaj ib tug nyaum neeg nyob ze pagan. Hais txog nyaum txim Slavs sau ntau ancient historian Tacitus, uas piav cov neeg no yog cov piv txwv ntawm Union Polabian pab pawg neeg. Thawj encroached rau lub Slavic pawg neeg thaj av ntawm lub Polabian ntau Karl Veliky. Tab sis cov neeg hauv zos muaj kev tswj kom ua tus nres ntawm lub tub rog thawj coj thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab tuav kom txog rau thaum lub 9 xyoo pua, thaum twg lub xeev union ntawm cov pab pawg neeg tsaus muag nyob rau hauv lub onslaught ntawm cov tub rog ntawm ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Roman faj tim teb chaws - Henry kuv, leej twg kev cai dab qhuas yog vim li cas tsis xav yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub zej zog, tsis tsuas pagans, tab sis kuj ethnos, uas sawv daws khoom ib mus rau lub Slavic union ntawm pab pawg neeg, vim hais tias nws tsis lees ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau nws lub ntsej muag. Pib nrog Henry kuv, tag nrho cov tom ntej German rulers tau npaj rau tag nrho germanization Polabian Slavs. Thiab mus rau lawv credit, lawv muaj nws phem tshwm sim vim hais tias lutici thiab bodrichi Germanized txawm nyob rau hauv Henry kuv, thiab tsuas yog Serbs khaws cia tseg lawv authenticity.

Early feudal lub xeev Polabian Serbia

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 7 centenarian pej xeem quest Polabian Slavs, ib tug ntawm cov pab pawg neeg teej tug mus rau lub union, tau ntsib nrog cov creation ntawm lub xeev ntawm Serbia Polabian, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb nce mus txog ntawm East lub teb chaws Yelemees. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no ntawm lub Serbs tsiv mus rau lub Balkans, kom pab cov Byzantine kav Konstantinu Bagryanorodnomu nyob rau hauv tsov rog tiv thaiv lub Avar Khanate, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, uas sawv cev rau ib tug tiag tiag kev hem thawj tsis tsuas mus rau Byzantium, tab sis kuj rau tag nrho ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Serbs, ua ke nrog rau cov Czechs staged raids nyob Avars thiab ntxiv dag zog rau nyob rau hauv lub Frankish King Charles. Tom qab tau tsiv lub Serbian neeg nyob rau hauv lub Balkans, nws nrhiav tau ib lub xeev paub hnub no raws li Serbia.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 10 nyaum Saxon Korol Genrih Fowler muab xaus rau lub Elbe Serbia, capturing nws av thiab attaching lawv mus rau lub xeev ntawm Saxony. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub teb chaws no, lub Serbs sib cais.

State-Obodrits bodrichey

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 11th, vim lub ntse ua los ntawm lub uprising, lub Germans raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub Polabian pawg neeg thaj av thiab rov qab los rau hauv lub Serbian lub xeev, lub npe hu ua lub Principality Obodrits-bodrichey. Lub xeev no yog populated thiab cov Sorbs, ib lub teb chaws uas yog thaum ntxov feudal hwj chim nrog ib tug kaj siab lug ntsug princely lub hwj chim. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm tub huabtais Golshtaka nqi zog tswj kom sib sau ua ke tag nrho cov Polabian pawg neeg thaj av, xws li niaj hnub Mecklenburg, Shlezvik-Holstein thiab lub nroog Ljubica, German Lübeck.

Golshtak rau Polabian Serbs yog zoo li tub huabtais Vladimir ntawm Rus. Nws yog zoo paub hais tias cov neeg pab leg ntaubntawv ntawm tus German lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub Elbe pawg neeg thaj av muaj ib tug kev cai dab qhuas mob siab, tab sis vim hais tias nws lub teb chaws raug destined nyob ua ib ke kom txog thaum tom ntej no kev sawv ntxeev, tshwj tsis yog tias lub Serbs, uas nws kev ntseeg - cov tsoos pagan cults, yuav tsis txais cov ntseeg Vajtswv. Golshtak nyob rau lub twb ua kevcai raus dej thaum lub sij hawm thiab lub Czechs pom zoo rau kev cai raus dej Polabian pawg neeg thaj av. Tub huabtais leej mob siab inculcated Catholicism nrog nws cov txuj thiab yog zoo heev nyob rau hauv no. Nws yog sau tseg hais tias npaum li cas kuj Christianization li, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Norway thiab Ireland, twb tsis muaj Polabian Serb. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub ntsiab kev cai dab qhuas qhov chaw ntawm pagan Polabian - lub tuam tsev ntawm lub zoo tshaj plaws vajtswv Svetovid nyob rau ib cov kob nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Baltic - twb puas ntev ua ntej cov tsim ntawm lub nqi zog Obodrits-bodrichey Danes. Yog li ntawd txhua yam, hais tias txuas lub Serbs nrog lawv pagan yav dhau los, yog cov rituals thiab kev cai, rov los ntawm tiam mus rau tiam, tsis to taub lawv cov essence thiab cov xwm.

Tsim kom muaj haiv neeg Sorbs

Muaj ib lub xeev ntawm lawv tus kheej, Sorbs (tsev mus rau lub feem ntau ntawm lawv cov khub pej xeem) hu ua lawv tus kheej Serbs los yog sorbitol. Lub Germans hu ua lawv Wendy. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub Christianization ntawm lub xeev-Obodrits bodrichey nws twb swb lawm Franco-German crusaders, thiab cov Polabian pawg neeg thaj av tau muab faib mus rau hauv margraviate uas inhabited los ntawm German knights thiab peasants ntawm cov txiv plig. Tej cwj pwm ntawm cov German crusaders vim hais tias cov capture ntawm lub nroog Yeluxalees, raws li cov hom phiaj ntawm lub Crusades yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj tsis yog rau lub Pope thiab nws entourage. Lawv tus kheej cov thawj coj ntawm lub Crusaders, tsis yog los ntawm Italian keeb kwm, xav tias kheev lam, nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, los nthuav lawv Holdings. Thiab lawv lawv tus kheej knights xav tsuas plunder nws muaj hmoov nyob rau hauv lwm yam tsis haib militarily States.

Tom qab lub liquidation ntawm lub nqi zog Obodrits-bodrichey Sorbs thaum kawg tsawm nyob rau hauv ib pas, uas tau muab lub npe rau qhov no lwm haiv neeg. Los ntawm Sorbs, nrog ethnographic taw tes ntawm view, yog cov Serbs uas tseem nyob rau hauv central cov teb chaws Europe tom qab lub Balkan tsiv teb tsaws, nyob rau hauv pawg neeg thaj av nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no sab qaum teb ntawm Bavaria thiab yav qab teb Saxony.

Nyob rau hauv 1076 lub kaj siab lug treaty nrog cov Czech koom pheej Henry IV tso nws ib ncig, uas yog inhabited los ntawm cov Sorbs, qhov twg tseem muaj lub Saxon knights nrog nws peasants. Sorbs nyob hauv Czech txoj cai predetermined ntxiv vector ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv txoj kev tshaj hais tias ntawm lub Balkan Serbs. Czechs, zoo li lub Sorbs, Slavic neeg, uas, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tsis thov rau lub Lusatian thaj av, thiab tau txais lawv raws li ib tug khoom plig rau lub ntiaj teb no nrog rau lub German xeev. Nws yog yog li ntawd tsis tsimnyog tias lub Sorbs coj accession mus rau lub Czech koom pheej raws li ib tug kev pab, thiab yog li ntawd active kev cai pauv pib ntawm ob haiv neeg. Czechs cai raus dej ib Catholic Sorbs, lub Czechs Sorbs saws ntau yam ntawm pej xeem cov costumes thiab tsoos tais diav, xws li cov kua zaub ntawm meatballs nrog boiled qe. Cawv Czechs kov tus nplaig. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no Sorbian lus belongs rau sab hnub poob Slavic pab pawg neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tus thawj hom lus Polabian Serbian, Slavic-Serbian, yog hais txog qhov tam sim no South Slavic lus pab pawg neeg.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub Habsburgs thiab cov tshiab yoj ntawm Germanization

Relations ntawm lub Czech koom pheej thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees radically hloov txij li lub los rau lub hwj chim ntawm lub Habsburg dynasty uas pab tsiv mus nyob rau Czech chaw uas zoo heev, uas yog inhabited los ntawm cov Sorbs (uas yog tseem tsev mus rau lub Germans), lub German nobility. Germans txaus siab migrated rau tshiab pawg neeg thaj av, vim hais tias muaj lawv muab ib tug ntau nyiam. Qhov no txoj cai ntawm lub Czech koom pheej revived germanization Sorbs, uas ua ntau thiab ntau nyuaj rau khaws cia lawv yog leejtwg tiag. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav coj ib tug ntau paaj qhov chaw nyob hauv zej zog, Polabian Serbs yuav tsum tau tawm hauv lawv lub zej lub zos thiab siab hauj lwm ua ke nrog lub ntsiab German pejxeem.

Pas nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov German lander

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th Lusatia twb ceded rau Saxony. Monarchs ntawm lub State tau ardent ntawm UFW ntawm absolutism, muab piv rau nws tus kheej nrog lub zoo monarchs thiab autocrats ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Txawm tias tom qab lub accomplishment ntawm cov lus Askiv thiab Fabkis bourgeois revolutions ntawm tus German lub xeev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Saxony, tseem ncaj ncees rau lub classical sawv ntawm royalism.

Qhov teeb meem no tsis tau hloov txawm tom qab lub tsim ntawm lub German faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv 1871. German pawg neeg thaj av tau koom nyob rau hauv ib tug nkaus xwb keeb kwm thiab authenticity ntawm tus poj German teb chaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov German lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv cov tswvyim no, ntawm chav kawm, nws tsis haum cov Slavic pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg, uas yog reminiscent ntawm lub fact tias cov Germans yog tsis yog ib qho tseeb hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv nws cov sab hnub tuaj lub tebchaws los ntawm lawv cov heev hav zoov.

Pas nyob rau hauv lub German faj tim teb chaws thiab lub Weimar pheej

Tom qab lub reunification ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees Culture Sorbs yog nyob rau hauv poob. Nyob rau hauv dej txwv tsis pub qhia nyob rau hauv lawv haiv neeg hom lus, kev siv cov ntaub ntawv sau lus nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, nyob rau lub nroog tej yam tshwm sim thiab nyob rau hauv pej xeem qhov chaw. Sorbian pej xeem festivals raug xam tias yog hnub ua hauj lwm. Polabian Serb raug ua hauj lwm rau kev ntxub ntxaug. Tau chaw ua hauj lwm nruab nrab luzhichanin yuav tsuas yog purely hais nyob rau hauv German nrog ib tug Saxon los yog Bavarian sis. Feem ntau ntawm cov zos Serbs, uas nws niam tus nplaig yog Sorbian, hais lus German nrog ib tug txawv txawv pob ntseg rau qhov nruab nrab German sis. Yog li ntawd luzhichaninu yuav tsis kam ua hauj lwm xwb vim hais tias ntawm tsis tau raws lub chaw ua hauj lwm hais lus.

Lub yeej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog thiab cov lus tshaj tawm txog lub Weimar pheej, raws li nyob rau hauv kev ywj pheej hauv paus ntsiab lus, oddly txaus, tsis txhim kho qhov teeb meem no, nyob rau hauv uas muaj Sorbs. Cov duab neeg inhabiting lub pas thaum lub sij hawm, kom meej meej qhia cov teebmeem uas muaj ntawm centuries ntawm Germanization. Public nuj nqis Sorbs tau pheej thov lub League of Nations pab nws cov neeg ib lub teb chaws cov haiv neeg tsawg raws li txoj cai raws li ib feem ntawm lub German xeev, tab sis xws petitions tsis tau ntsib. Thaj, lub thoob ntiaj teb lub zej lub zos tsis xav mus ntxiv infringe rau lub teb chaws nco qab ntawm lub Germans twb tau qaug yuam reparations, kev them nyiaj ntawm cov uas poob rau hauv lub xub pwg nyom ntawm zoo tib yam cov pej xeem. Txawm li cas los, nws yog tseem tsis tau kom tsis txhob lwm tawg ntawm chauvinism nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab cov uas tsis-paub Sorb haiv neeg tsawg nyob rau lub sij hawm, tej zaum txawm ua si no haiv neeg rau ntawm txhais tes.

Sorbs nyob rau hauv lub Nazis

Sorbs yog cov tsuas Slavic neeg, uas tswj kom dim haiv neeg cleansing thaum lub sij hawm lub hav zoov ntawm lub Peb Reich. Thaj, qhov no yog nce los ntawm lub German Nazis pomeshannost rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tus poj ancient civilizations thiab lub Occult luag hauj lwm ntawm lub German teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub ntiaj teb no. Lub Nazis suav hais tias yog German neeg ib tug ncaj qha xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus poj Aryan - cov neeg inhabiting German pawg neeg thaj av nyob rau hauv antiquity. Khawb sib sib zog nqus rau hauv German keeb kwm, Nazi zaum yuav tsis nkaum los yog tsis quav ntsej txog lub hav zoov ntawm lub union los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg Polabian Slavs, yog li Goebbels dag tshuab tau paub cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub Elbe, lub Germans. Qhov no muaj lub teb chaws thiab cov uas rau centuries inhabited los ntawm cov Sorbs, lub tsev mus rau lub Czechs, uas, raws li lub Nazis, twb tsis raug mus rau Germanization, tsis zoo li cov qhabnias zhitelely Czech pawg neeg thaj av.

Raws li Hitler, cov Sorbs twb Germans uas hais lus Sorbian, piv txwv li lub Sorbian lus. Vim li no, Polabian Slavs, leej twg openly txwv lub National Socialist regime, txaus siab rau vaj huam sib luag nrog cov Germans. Ntxiv mus, lub Sorbs, yees duab qhia no yuav txawm hnav lawv lub teb chaws tiab. Tab sis cov no concessions yog tseem ntshai li remnants. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm thiab loj, rau lub duration ntawm lub Reich Sorbs poob lawv txoj cai rau lub teb chaws yog leejtwg nyob rau hauv lub txim ntawm kev chargeability rau cov kuj taw, thiab tsis tsa nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntsuj plig ntawm lawv cov me nyuam.

Sorbs tom qab lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II

Tom qab pub ntxiv tshaj qhov cov tub rog liab dej Soviet coj noj coj ua muaj leej twg paub nyob rau hauv Sorbs fraternal Slavic lub teb chaws thiab nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev los txhawb lawv cov teb chaws nws tus kheej txiav txim. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, txawm heev heev thov Polabian Serbs tsis tau muab autonomy nyob rau hauv lub GDR, tab sis qhia raws li ib tug neeg, yog lub teb chaws minorities nyob rau hauv Eastern lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nyob rau hauv nws sau, Lev Gumilyov hu ua relict Sorb Slavic neeg.

Sorbs hnub no

Tom qab German reunification nyob rau hauv 1989, lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib Sorbian-Serbian pawg neeg thaj av nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv teb chaws koom pheej uas Yelemees ib zaug dua ua yam. Ib tug active luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub Central European Slavs qhia los ntawm cov Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm lub USSR Mihail Sergeevich Gorbachov. Tab sis tsoom fwv ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees tshiab tsis xav muab lub Sorbs raws li ib tug sab autonomy, thaj hwm thiab paub ntshai ntxiv nws raug mus rau lub Soviet cov tub rog-thoj cov kev taw qhia. Cuaj kaum Polabian Slavs tau muab txoj cai los muab kev kawm lawv cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv lawv haiv neeg cov lus, siv lub Sorbian lus raws li ib tug hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub pawg neeg thaj av lawv nyob laj mej pej xeem nquam paj nquam nruas lawv lub teb chaws cov hnub caiv thiab qhia lawv lub teb chaws yog leejtwg nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev.

Tab sis niaj hnub Sorbs, uas nws kev ntseeg tsis yog rau ib tug, nws tus kheej-qhia lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Ntev nyob hauv Czech cawv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub Hussite kev tsov kev rog tshuav nws cov cim nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm qhov lwm haiv neeg. Niaj hnub no ib ncig ntawm lub Sorbs yog muab faib mus rau hauv Lower thiab Upper Lusatia. Lub Serbs nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov chaw nws muaj nws tus kheej kev lus thiab kev cai, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, Upper Lusatia feem ntau Catholic, thiab txo - tag Protestant.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov pejxeem ntawm ob cheeb tsam qhia hais tias txhua lwm yam raws li lub Polabian Slavs - ib tug muaj koob haiv neeg, ib feem ntawm ib pab pawg neeg ntawm Slavic neeg. Thiab txhua txhua luzhichanin hais tias nws haiv neeg - Serb.