Xyoo ntawm tus reign ntawm Thutmose. Conquest ntawm Thutmose

Lub keeb kwm ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws yog paub ntawm cov plaub vajntxwv lub npe hu ua Thutmose, lawv tag nrho yuav mus rau ib qho ntawm 18 dynasties thiab kav ib tug tom qab lwm. Tab sis qhov tseem tseem ceeb cim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub sab laug, ntawm chav kawm, Thutmose III. Tim lyiv teb chaws sawv mus rau unprecedented heights nyob rau hauv nws lub xyoo ntawm tsoom fwv. Thutmose thiab Hammurabi (Babylonian huab tais) yog feem ntau piv, nqus ib thaum uas tig mus nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv cov tub rog campaigns thiab txhoj puab heev txawv teb chaws txoj cai. Ob leeg zoo heev txhab tus ciam teb ntawm nws lub xeev, mus ib txhis inscribing lawv cov npe nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Ancient ntiaj teb no.

Thutmose kuv

Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Thutmose kuv - 1504-1492, cov BC. Hais txog nws cov keeb kwm yog nyuaj, zaum tau pom hais tias nws yog tus txiv ntawm tus muam ntawm Amenhotep kuv, thiab nws tseem tau hais tias tus tub vaj ntxwv Ahmose kuv (tus founder ntawm lub 18th dynasty). thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Thutmose kuv - qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm lub conquest, uas zoo heev txhab rau ib thaj tsam ntawm ancient Egypt. Thaum pib ntawm nws reign nyob rau hauv Nubia muaj ib lub uprising. Tus huab tais twb tus kheej muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv nws cov hluav, raws li ancient keeb kwm, nws lub siab heev nws rab hmuv tus thawj coj ntawm lub kws pheej faav xeeb cov neeg. Nubia kiag devastated thiab tag nrho cov pab pawg neeg ua qhev. Nws conquest ntawm lub South tsiv mus rau lub thib peb Cataract ntawm lub Nile, thiab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb - mus rau lub Euphrates River. Yeej xwb raids enriched lub coffers ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm nyiag thiab lub tribute them mus rau lub kov yeej haiv neeg. Qhov no tau pab rau ib tug active kev siv ntawm lub tuam tsev. Thutmose Kuv yog tus vaj ntxwv thawj zaug uas tso zoo kawg li tombstones thiab najnpawb cais tawm lub qhov ntxa los ntawm nws lub ntees tuag lub tuam tsev. Lub thaj neeb yog ua nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm huab secrecy, nws carved nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv 1881 nws raug sab lub mummy ntawm vaj ntxwv.

Direct xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Thutmose kuv tuag nyob rau hauv kiag (ob tug tub thiab ib tug ntxhais), muaj tsuas yog ib doch Hatshepsut. Close tsev neeg sib yuav tau ntau, thiab tau muab nws nyob rau hauv sib yuav rau nws ib nrab-tij laug (los ntawm nws tus txiv) Thutmose II, tus tub ntawm lub "tsis muaj ntsiab 'tus poj niam. Nws yog tus tom ntej no vaj ntxwv.

Thutmose II

Iyiv huab tais yog tsis zoo heev kev noj qab nyob, yog li thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm vaj ntxwv Tuthmosis II luv luv. Ib txhia Egyptologists ntseeg tau hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv lub zwm txwv rau tsuas yog plaub lub xyoos. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog tsuas speculation, thiab yog li ntawd lub hnub ntawm lub reign ntawm Thutmose II ntawm, feem ntau yog qhia ib tug approximate 1492 po1489 BC Cov thawj xyoo uas nws reign twb cim los ntawm tus brutal tsuj ntawm kev fav xeeb hauv Nubia, thaum lub pawg neeg tua tag nrho cov txiv neej lawv yuav nrhiav tau. Thutmose II tau muab khaws cia tseg rau tag nrho cov cheeb tsam kov yeej los ntawm nws tus txiv. Ntawm Hatshepsut, nws muaj ob tug ntxhais, tab sis tus tub yog ib tug concubine, tab sis hais tias nws dhau lub zwm txwv tom qab kev tuag ntawm cov vaj ntxwv.

Poj huab tais Hatshepsut

Poj niam vaj ntxwv, yog ib lub npe nrov tshaj uas kav Iyi tebchaws. Nws siab raws li txoj cai, raws li muaj ntau yam historians, nws yuav ua tau ib lub sij hawm thaum cov kev cai ntawm Thutmose kuv, uas yog, nws tus txiv, thiab ces, tej zaum, yog tus co-kav ntawm nws tus txiv. Qhov no tom qab tau tso cai rau nws mus noj tam sim ntawd lub zwm txwv los ntawm cov tub ntxhais vaj ntxwv. Tom qab nws tus txiv tuag lawm, nws raug tsa Regent ntawm lub 12-xyoo Thutmose III, raws li zoo ces ib xyoos thiab ib nrab literate thiab peacefully ousted nws. Nws tau los ua nto moo nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw ib tug active kev tsim kho, lub patron ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab science, accustomed rau qhov no thiab nws stepson Thutmose III. Tim lyiv teb chaws thaum nws flourished kev lag kev luam, tab sis twb yuav luag poob muaj nyob rau hauv Palestine thiab Syria. Txawm tias, raws li ib txhia cov ntawv qhia, nws koom tej nyob rau hauv ob peb ua tub rog campaigns, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, txawv teb chaws txoj cai tshaj yav dhau los ob xyoo lawm lawm tiaj tus. Tus huab tais kav ze li ntawm 22 xyoo. Raws li qhov tseeb cov ntaub ntawv tau tom qab kawm nws mummy, nws tuag nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 50 xyoo los ntawm tus kab mob (daim siab mob cancer, cov pob txha hlav thiab mob ntshav qab zib). Thaum lub neej nws tus kheej yog tsa funerary tuam tsev, nws yog carved mus rau hauv lub pob zeb, thiab nyiam nrog nws loj thiab kho kom zoo nkauj hnub no.

Thutmose III

Approximate thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Thutmose III - 1479-1425 BC Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws tuaj rau lub rooj huas tias tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws stepmother, Hatshepsut. Tus thawj yam uas nws ua - nws kom cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ua tim khawv rau nws, rho tawm lub npe ntawm cov phab ntsa, ua kom puas tus pej thuam. Yuav ua li cas yog vim li cas rau qhov no, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau hais tias txoj cai tam sim no, tej zaum tus kheej, historians xav tias hais tias qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub tsev hais plaub nobility. Xyoo reign ntawm vaj ntxwv Tuthmosis III cim ib tug kev hloov ntawm cov hoob kawm rau kev thaj yeeb kev koom txhoj puab heev txawv teb chaws txoj cai. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo thaum Thutmose III ntawm cov kev cai, Tim lyiv teb chaws kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub ancient xeev.

Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov portraits ntawm tus poj kav, tus zaum ntseeg hais tias nws sculptures muaj me ntsis ua nrog rau qhov tseeb tsos. Raws li cov kev tshawb lub mummy cov kws txawj muaj xaus lus tias nws tsis yog koj siab siab heev, tab sis daim duab yog tseeb, muaj zog.

Tub rog campaigns Thutmoses III

Vaj ntxwv sib txawv active tub rog txoj cai, tiam sis feem ntau tseem ceeb thiab nto moo nram qab no campaigns:

1. Thawj mus txawv tebchaws los Syria. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias yog vim li cas nws yog tus revolt ntawm Neeg Esxias pab pawg neeg. Zoo, yog vim li cas yog tib yam li ntau centuries dhau los - lub xeev yuav tsum tau ua qhev, cov kev pab, thiab qhib txoj kev rau txawv teb chaws trade. Mus kev rau Syria considerably ntxiv dag zog rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg Iyiv tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze East.
2. Cov tub rog phiaj los nqis tes 29-xyoo reign ntawm vaj ntxwv. Nws yog tus thib tsib tub rog phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Asia muaj hnub nyoog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov Iyi nyob rau Phoenician ntug dej hiav txwv nws twb yuav los ntawm ib tug loj ua liaj ua teb cheeb tsam Jahi, uas tau los ua ib tug muaj zog point.
3. Sixth thiab xya campaigns rau lub reign ntawm Tuthmosis III yog lub hiav txwv. Ships tsiv los ntawm lub Mediterranean thiab tsaws rau thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Zemar (niaj hnub Syria lub chaw uas zoo heev). Lub hom phiaj yog mus Kedesh fortress - ib qho ntawm feem impregnable, nws siege ntawd kub ntev li yuav luag rau lub hlis, tiam sis lub ntsiab tsis tau muab. Egyptians plundered lub zej zog thiab raug yuam kom khiav tawm hauv lub ntug dej hiav txwv. Rov qab rau lub thib ob lub sij hawm, vaj ntxwv tus tub rog nyob rau hauv lub Phoenician nroog Ullaza.
4. Yim nce pom zoo Tim lyiv teb chaws lub domination nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm Syria, Palestine, Finnick. Historians hu lub sij hawm no, culminating nyob rau hauv cov tub rog conquests ntawm Thutmose III.
5. Ntxiv hiking (9, 10, 13, 14 feeb) tau noj 34-39 xyoo ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm Thutmoses III. Lawv tsis tau kom meej meej txhoj puab heev xwm, tab sis, theej tau tswj kom twb kov yeej ib cheeb tsam, uas tam sim no thiab ces uprisings.
6. Xeem mus txawv tebchaws los cov teb chaws Asia. Raws li lub hom phiaj nws yog ntau tshaj ib tug punitive ntoj ke mus kawm quell unruly Syria, tib lub zos ntawm Kadesh thiab Tunip sawv ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub uprising. Ob fortresses raug coj los ntawm lub Egyptians, uas inflicted ib crushing tshuab rau ib ntev lub sij hawm ntxiv dag zog rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm nws tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv Syria thiab Phenicia.

Tag nrho cov tau kov yeej thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Thutmose III chaw tau raug hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv Egypt xeev thiab lub zos cov managers rau nws governors. Heev heev neeg portrayed lub tribute raws li ib tug cim ntawm kev hwm thiab solidarity rau nws cov kev cai. Conquest ntawm Thutmose III ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws tig mus rau hauv ib tug heev haib, muaj zog lub hwj chim. Tsis muaj leej twg lub tom ntej Pharaohs ua tsis tau tejyam los nthuav rau ib thaj tsam ntxiv tshaj twb tau nrog nws.

Txoj cai hauv lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Tuthmosis III

Peb mus txuas ntxiv los mus tsim, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm poj huab tais Hatshepsut, xws li ua tsa Karnak tuam tsev ntawm Amun-Re nrog Obelisk. Raws li cov lus tim khawv, uas tseem nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa hauv lub tuam tsev thiab tombs, vaj ntxwv yog heev ntau yam txiv neej, patronized lub arts. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub zoo heev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov commander, nws muaj ib tug broad-minded thiab txawm simulated hlab ntsha ntawm av nplaum, uas nws tej yaam num yog ces dhau artisans. Nyob rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov vaj ntxwv nyob rau hauv Egypt mas tshiab ntau ntau yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj tsiaj. Thaum nws tas mus li kev tub rog, ua ships (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cedar coj los ntawm Libya) twb tsim. Thutmose III coj tim lyiv teb chaws '53. Economic thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev twb cim los ntawm nws lub xyoos ntawm tsoom fwv. Hammurabi thiab Thutmose sib cais nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ib ob peb puas xyoo, tab sis lub zoo kawg li kev zoo sib thooj ntawm lawv, ob qho tib si rulers twb tsis zoo xwb cov thawj coj, tab sis kuj literate politicians. Nrog rau cov npe ntawm Hammurabi ntawm Babylon yog txuam nce, tsim ib lub xeev ntawm kev cai lij choj, thiab Thutmose III ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws muab mus rau hauv lub muaj zog faj tim teb chaws, ua haujlwm tau nyiaj nws tus kheej rightly lub npe ntawm cov "Napoleon ntawm lub Ancient ntiaj teb", tab sis tsis yog tus punisher, vaj ntxwv tsom tib neeg mus rau lub kov yeej cov neeg, tsis perpetrate mindless slaughter thiab genocide.

Art XVIII dynasty

Tim lyiv teb chaws ntawm lub sij hawm no tau noj ib tug uas thoob ntiaj teb txoj hauj lwm, tau mus txog unprecedented hwj chim, muaj zog fluffiness ib puag ncig, cov khaub ncaws thiab hniav nyiaj hniav kub nobility. Ib tug ua luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kos duab rau ntawm lub sij hawm no ua si Thebes - lub peev ntawm lub xeev nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm. Temples ua thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, monumental thiab tseem ceeb, thiab lub ntees tuag yog feeb cais los ntawm lub tombs, uas tau carved los tiv thaiv kom txhob looting nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb gorges. Koj ua hauj lwm ntawm ancient architecture yog lub tuam tsev ntawm poj huab tais Hatshepsut.

Ancient Iyiv music

Heev heev bas-reliefs depicting tus neeg hu nkauj thiab instrumentalists hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm cov neeg Iyiv. Nws tsis nyuaj nyob rau hauv tsev, nrog rau ntau yam zog dab, loj ua koob tsheej, ceremonial processions. Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm lub XVIII dynasty twb existed palace lub tsev teev ntuj. Lub ntsiab seev suab paj nruas: harps, flutes, lyres, lutes, drums thiab SISTROM (hlau ratchet). Nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm lub XVIII dynasty palace music nrog rau kev tsim cov tub rog, muaj cov thawj bands nrog percussion seev thiab kav xa dej.

Thutmose IV

Vaj ntxwv uas kav txog 1397-1388 BC, thiab nws yog ib tug heev luv luv lub sij hawm. Raws li cov mummy kev tshawb fawb, nws tuag nyob rau hauv ib tug hluas uas muaj hnub nyoog. Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub sij hawm rau lub zwm txwv no tsis yog cim los ntawm yawm achievements. Thutmose IV undertook ob peb cov tub rog campaigns, tab sis lub hwjchim ci ntsa iab ntawm nws predecessors tsis hais dua.

Nws kuj tsom paj nyob rau hauv lub architectural qauv ntawm nws cov predecessors tshem lub Sphinx los ntawm cov sands, tau ua tiav kev tsim kho ntawm lub obelisk ntawm Thutmose III.