Yeej thiab hom ntawm kev hais lus: lub rooj. Yuav ua li cas yog cov ntau hom thiab yeej ntawm kev hais lus?

Nws - nws yog ib tug tsim nyog txhais tau tias ntawm tib neeg kev sib txuas lus. Nws duav txhua yam ua rau kev sib cais ntawm hom, uas yog hu ua kev haumxeeb yeej. Tag nrho huvsi muaj tsib: scientific, official ua lag ua luam, journalistic, colloquial thiab artistic. Txhua lub yeej yog muag ob leeg nyob rau qhov ncauj thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv, nws muaj nws lexical, syntactic, morphological nta.

Nyias, kuj paub qhov txawv cov hom ntawm kev hais lus. Lub rooj nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm yuav pab koj to taub qhov teeb meem no.

Kev hais lus yeej nrhiav tau lawv siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm lwm yam - ntaub ntawv ntawm kev hais lus, uas yog peculiar rau tej txoj kev ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev xav. Tej txoj kev ntawm kev nthuav qhia raug muab faib mus rau hauv hom ntawm kev hais lus. Lub rooj yuav tsum hais hauv qab no. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tej subtypes yuav sib tshooj nyob rau hauv xyaum.

Peb npaj mus rau kev nthuav dav lub npe "yeej thiab hom ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus."

Kev ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nthuav qhia

Yuav ua li cas yog cov ntau hom, yeej ntawm kev hais lus? Raws li peb tau hais tias, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus txhais tsib hom haumxeeb kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Xav txog txhua.

Kev style ntawm kev hais lus

Qhov no zoo ntawm kev haumxeeb hais lus, lub ntsiab teb ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov uas yog science. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb - cov lus ntaub ntawv thiab cov kev paub ntawm nws qhov tseeb, paub ua-thiab-sib raug zoo nyhuv thiab lawv txoj kev kawm. Hom, yeej, lwm yam ntawm kev hais lus kev tshawb fawb hauv cheeb tsam yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv.

Lub ntsiab feature yog lub xub ntiag ntawm cov lo lus cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov uas tsis muaj paj lug hais lus txhais tau tias. Lub morphological feature ntawm no nam ntawm cov style yog siv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus nouns, verbs kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv nrog nouns, verbs tam sim no peb yog neeg txhaum daim ntawv no, ntawm npe zoo tshaj tus nqi nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj ib tus, tej lus kuv-th neeg plural. Rau syntax yus introductory lus, lub homogeneous qhov chaw ntawm cov kab lus, ntawm complex, generalized-tus kheej, tsis zoo li neeg thiab indefinite-tus kheej ua ke.

Yuav ua raws li kev style yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov nram no lwm yam: kev cov khoom, monographs, lectures, theses, phau ntawv.

Cov nram qab no lwm yam kev hais lus yuav tau piav. Tsav-rooj yuav pab tau ntau dua kom to taub lo lus nug no.

Official-ua lag ua luam style ntawm kev hais lus

Qhov no hom yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm pej xeem kev tswj thiab kev cai lij choj. Nws muaj nuj nqi yog khiav lub standardization ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, lub hom phiaj - los tswj lub kev sib raug zoo. Cov ntsiab lus thaum twg yog xav cov nom style yog lub "standardization", hais tias muaj tej yam ntaub ntawv xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv lub lexicon, morphology thiab syntax.

Nta lus official style yog lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug kws paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm phraseology, archaisms, historicism, kantselyarizmov, abbreviations.

Morphological nta ntawm no version ntawm tus hais lus yuav suav hais tias lub xub ntiag ntawm verbs indefinite daim ntawv (infinitive), modal lus, lub predominance ntawm txheeb ze adjectives ntawm zoo, kev siv cov txiv neej npe tsis muaj tus hais txog poj niam nouns, siv npe uas hu kos npe rau ntawm ib tug txiv neej ntawm kev txiav txim, derivative prepositions, hais lus npe nrog lub particle " tsis muaj "cov lus uas nyuaj tsim los ntawm ob peb bases.

Syntactic nta: kev siv ntawm npe nyob rau hauv lub genitive cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov loj hlob rau kev tsim kho, lub loj heev ntawm txoj kab lus, cov nyob rau ntawm tej yam yooj yim ua ke nrog homogeneous neeg.

Ntau hom lwm yam hauj style vim nws faib mus rau hauv txoj kev thiab documentary obihodno-ua lag ua luam substyles. Tus thawj regulates cov kev tswj ntawm cov pej xeem ib cheeb, thiab lub thib ob - ua lag ua luam kev sib txuas lus. Hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv officially documentary sub-lwm yam: kev cai, kev cai, ntawv cog lus, sib, communiqués. Hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv obihodno-ua lag ua luam sub-lwm yam: cov kev cai, cov ntaub, memoranda, lus ceeb toom, lub npe.

Journalistic style ntawm kev hais lus

Qhov no zoo ntawm xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm, uas nws lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj yog mus qhia thiab kwv yees tej yam nyob rau hauv lub siab thiab volitional tib neeg.

Lexical nta ntawm journalistic style yuav suav hais tias ib tug muab tso ua ke ntawm kev hais lus txhais tau tias: cov kev siv ntawm terminology, neologisms, txhais, kantselyarizmov, vim ua ntej ntawm cov style thiab tej yam rau tus nyeem ntawv, tus tuav. Nyob rau hauv journalism yuav siv journalistic hom thiab yeej ntawm kev hais lus. Cov nram qab no qhia txog cov nta ntawm no hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nthuav qhia.

Nta ntawm grammatical ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv journalistic style manifested nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm cov lus uas nyuaj, substantivizing adjectives thiab participles. Syntax journalistic style yog yus muaj los ntawm kev siv ib leeg-muaj pes tsawg leeg proposals, interrogative thiab exclamatory ua ke.

Latitude journalistic lwm yam hom ntawm kev hais lus yog tau ua tsaug rau nws cov kev khiav dej num: rau qhia thiab cawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj muaj peev xwm highlight tej subgenres: Information, analytical, artistic thiab journalistic. Cov ntaub ntawv lwm yam hom ntawm kev hais lus yog ib tug ceeb toom, daim ntawv qhia, kev sib tham; analytical - kev ntsuam xyuas, kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm; artistic thiab journalistic - sau ntawv sau ntawv.

conversational style

Qhov no zoo ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv npog rau thaj tsam ntawm txhua hnub kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov neeg uas txo nws hwj nws imprint rau nws nta. Cov feem ntau lug siv yog colloquial hais lus ntau hom thiab yeej. Cov nram qab no, piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas lawv txawv los ntawm lwm hom.

Cov morphology conversational style: lub loj heev ntawm ntau yam verbs, ib yam, lub thoob plaws siv cov lus hais, tsawg heev siv cov participles thiab gerunds.

Lub artistic style ntawm kev hais lus

Qhov no hom yog siv rau kev sau ntawv tej hauj lwm. Lexical nta ntawm no hom: synonymy, occasionalisms, idioms, txoj kev, siv cov lus nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative siab.

Morphological nta of art style yog lub dav siv ntawm adjectives, adverbs, verbs, lub loj heev ntawm cov poj niam thiab neuter npe.

Syntactically, nws yuav siv tag nrho cov artistic muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm lug ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus. Ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm no style yog: ib zaj dab neeg, ib tug tshiab, ib zaj dab neeg, ib tug Ode, ib tug paj huam.

Hom ntawm kev hais lus. rooj

Uas muaj nuj nqi nam ntawm kev hais lus kev sib txuas lus tuab txoj kev ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev xav, uas yog txhais raws li ib hom ntawm kev hais lus. Cov no muaj xws li ib tug narrative kev piav qhia thiab kev xav. Cia peb xav txog tej yam kev hais lus. Lub rooj yuav pab ib tug zoo dua kev nkag siab.

Yog li, lub narrative - hais lus hom ntawm yam ntawm cov tswv yim nyob rau hauv ib tug dynamic txoj kev loj hlob. Rau lub narrative muaj cov nram qab muaj pes tsawg leeg: exposition - txoj kev loj hlob - lub culmination - lub denouement. Rau narrative tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev siv ntawm verbs thiab adverbs. Qhov no txoj kev ntawm kev nthuav qhia yog feem ntau raug rau journalistic, colloquial hais lus thiab artistic yeej.

Hauj lwm - qhov no yog lub hom ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntaub ntawv, uas "sawv cev" tej khoom, tej yam ntuj tso phenomena, raws li lawv qhov kev luj xyuas. Compositionally, qhov no zoo ntawm kev hais lus yog lub tsev raws li nram no: ib tug txheej txheem cej luam ntawm cov kev kawm teeb meem - ib co cim ntawm cov kwv - cov lus xaus, tus neeg sau txoj kev txiav txim. Yuav kom piav qhia txog qhov raug siv imperfective verbs, yooj yim, tsis tiav, denominative proposals.

Cov kev xav - yog ib hom ntawm kev hais lus, uas pib ua lub causal sib raug zoo, uas ua rau yus lub nram qab no qauv: thesis - sib cav - xaus. Rau ib kev sib tham tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev siv ntawm introductory lus, complex syntax.

Basic cov ntaub ntawv piav txog tej yam kev hais lus yuav tsum tau muab nthuav hauv lub rooj hauv qab no.

Yuav kom saib lub ntsab lug

Peb soj ntsuam cov yeej thiab hom ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog tsis zoo li qub. Cov neeg xaiv rau lawv tus kheej lawv tus kheej hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib txuas lus. Feem ntau ciam teb ntaub ntawv kev nthuav qhia yeej yog tov. Qhov no yog vim lub social muaj nuj nqi ntawm kev hais lus.