Yuav ua li cas hom lus yog lus, idioms? kev faib ntawm phraseology

Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus, raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, txhua lo lus muaj ib tug meej lexical lub ntsiab lus. Lo lus yog txuam nrog ib tug kwv, ib tug tshwm sim, ib tug kos npe rau, ib co kev txiav txim.

Semantic lub luag hauj lwm cov lus muaj peev xwm ua si tsis tsuas cov lo lus, tiam sis kuj phraseological unit. Qhov ntawd yog nyob ib sab mus cov lus idioms.

nruas

Yog li ntawd dab tsi yog qhov lus nruas? Piv txwv ntawm cov no yog zoo dua lub npe hu rau txhua leej txhua tus. Siv lo lus "lub taub hau". Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau cov nqe lus: "puzzle", "tus txiv neej nrog lub taub hau", "lov ua tej dwb daim", "kub taub hau". Yog hais tias lo lus ntawm cov piv txwv yog tsis siv nyob rau hauv lub literal siab, nws muaj peev xwm yuav sib cav hais tias nws yog ib feem ntawm phraseologism. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus yog tsis tau tib yam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev sib txuas.

"Rhuav down" - xav txog ib yam dab tsi yuav tau xav mus daws tau ib tug yooj yim teeb meem. "Ib tug txiv neej nrog nws lub taub hau" - yog ib tug uas tsis coj ruam txiav txim siab, nws yog paub qab hau, txawj ntse. "Lefts" - los yeej yeej thaum kawg. "Hothead" - thiaj li hais tias ib tug ruam tug txiv neej, kev twv txiaj los yog Spitfire.

Ib tug feature tshwj xeeb qhia nyob rau hauv cov piv txwv ntawm cov nqe lus no yog hais tias lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug "khov", ruaj khov, tsis hloov hlo li grammatical thiab hais lus ntaub ntawv. Cov no yog cov nuj nqis ntawm kev hais lus hu ua phraseology.

Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm lub teeb nqe lus

Muab ib tug ob peb yam tshwm sim uas yuav muab ib tug kev piav qhia ntawm lub fact tias qhov no nruas. Cov piv txwv muab ntawm no, qhov kev piav qhia lossis complement.

• Sustainable lus daim ntawv ( "topsy-turvy").
• Invariable grammatical daim ntawv ( "xya Fridays ntawm lub limtiam").
• Lub inadmissibility hloov qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov lo lus ( "tseeb").
• Noj nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative siab ( "ntxuav cov pob txha").
• Tsis muaj peev xwm ntxiv tshiab los yog thim tus kheej los ntawm ib tug ua ke ntawm uas twb muaj lawm lus. ( "The poj qaib rau luag").

Lo lus "nruas"

Kawm khov kho suab ob peb ua ke koom nyob rau hauv ib tug ceg lug - phraseology. Yuav kom to taub lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sij hawm, nws yog txaus los mus txhais nws los ntawm cov Greek lus. Lub literal translation yog :. "Nyob rau cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev hais lus"

Lub totality ntawm lub sij xub ntiag ntawm ruaj khov ob peb ua ke nyob rau hauv cov lus no kuj hu ua phraseology.

Yuav ua li cas hom lus yog lus, idioms? Yuav ua li cas kom siv lawv nyob rau hauv lub hais lus? Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev nruas? Cov teeb meem yog tsis tsuas xav nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam, tau pib kawm cov lus raws li ib tug science, tab sis kuj cov neeg laus uas twb muaj ib tug ntau mus kawm.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm phraseology

Ib tug neeg siv idioms nyob rau hauv kev hais lus, yuav tsum to taub tej ntsiab lus. Qhov no yuav pab kom nws yuav tsum tsis txhob tav laus, embarrassing tej yam uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog kev siv ntawm cov lo lus los yog ib tug tsis muaj kev nkag siab ntawm lawv tseem ceeb. Lub keeb kwm ntawm phraseology, kev txawj ntse ntawm lub qhov chaw ntawm lawv cov tsos nyob rau hauv cov lus yuav cia ib tug neeg los ua zoo qhia txog qhov no.

Ib tug loj pab pawg neeg ntawm cov teeb nqe lus originated los ntawm tib neeg kev soj xyuas tus natural thiab kev tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, "ib tug ntau ntawm cov daus - ib tug ntau ntawm qhob cij," "ntshai uab lag hav txwv yeem yog ntshai", "Kua tsis poob deb ntawm tsob ntoo."

Tsis kawg rau lub xov tooj ntawm phraseology yog ib pab pawg neeg uas sawv los ntawm mythology, biblical sawv los yog tej keeb kwm cov txheej xwm. Piv txwv li ob peb ua ke yuav ua tau idioms: "Babel", "Niam dhau", "cov pob txha ntawm sib cav sib ceg", "Ariadne tus xov". Kawm paub txog tej phraseology yuav qhib lub qhov rooj mus rau ib lub ntiaj teb ntawm keeb kwm thiab ancient mythology.

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tej pab pawg neeg ntawm phraseology kev cob cog rua nrog kev ua si ntawm tus neeg, ntawm nws khoom siv tes ua. Piv txwv li, ib tug ua ke ntawm "tsis muaj fluff tsis muaj mem" twb xub siv nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm zoov thiab zoo xav txhais li cas lawm rau cov plob hav zoov.

Txais los ntawm lwm hom lus - yog tseem yog ib tug ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv phraseology. Los ntawm German tuaj qhia "yuav tsis xeem."

Feem ntau cov phraseology pab pawg neeg muaj ob peb ua ke uas yog txuam nrog rau cov tsiaj ntawv Slavonic niam ntawv. Piv txwv yog xws idioms: "pib los ntawm kos", "teev cov kuv", "muab tus mus-ua ntej."

"Scary miv tsis muaj tsiaj nyaum," "Koj nyob nraum hu nkauj - qhov no yog ua lag ua luam", "Mus muaj - Kuv tsis paub tias qhov twg." Ntawm no yog cov piv txwv ntawm ruaj ob peb ua ke uas tau tuaj mus rau hauv cov lus ntawm pej xeem thiab sau ntawv tej hauj lwm.

Yog qhov uas cov phraseology yuav ua tau ib tug niaj hnub kos duab ntaub ntawv - zaj duab xis, ntaub ntawv, ua yeeb yam.

kev faib ntawm phraseology

Tsis muaj leej twg uas twb muaj lawm hom phraseology kev faib tawm, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, linguists, yuav tsis muab suav hais tias exhaustive. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog lub loj tus naj npawb ntawm txoj ntaub ntawv ntawm phraseological ob peb ua ke, uas nyob rau lub sij hawm tsis yooj yim sua cais tej qho hom.

Subjective mus kom ze rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov phraseology kuj yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog linguists. Qhov tseeb ua rau lub fact tias cov kev qhuab qhia muaj cov tshiab cov nqe lus los hloov cov uas twb muaj lawm sawv daws yuav. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug teeb meem ntawm tsis meej pem yog inevitable.

Los ntawm no peb yuav xaus uas lub faib ntawm phraseology - yog ib lo lus nug hais tias zaum muaj los daws kom tau nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.

Niaj hnub no, txawm li cas los, feem ntau cov feem ntau siv kev faib tawm, uas yog coj mus rau hauv tus account lub degree ntawm "cohesion", sib txuas cov lus hauv phraseologism. Raws li, qhov nram qab no pab pawg yog distinguished: leeg (idioms) phraseological kev sib sau thiab ob peb ua ke ntawd. Ib tug cais pab pawg neeg muaj paj lug, sayings, aphorisms, sayings.

idioms

Ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem phraseology roos idioms (leeg). Txhais los ntawm cov Greek tso cai rau peb kom peb to taub lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sij hawm. Idios txhais tau tias "coj txawv txawv," "extraordinary".

Rau leeg tsiag ntawv los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug phraseological unit yuav tsis tau daim ntau quav tso tawm lub ntsiab ntawm cov lo lus, nws lub Cheebtsam. Qhov no yuav ua tau piav los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias idioms tau tuaj mus rau hauv cov lus ntawm antiquity.

Piv txwv li phraseologisms "xav tsis thoob", "heev heev", "slack", "hov fritters."

Nruas ntawm no hom yog raug rau ib qho lus, thiab lub literal txhais lus rau lwm hom lus yog tsis tau tsis poob ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, xav txog yuav ua li cas koj yuav piav qhia txog qhov teeb meem no, thaum cov neeg raws li lub ntsej muag rau lub ntsej muag.

Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus yuav hais tias lawv tau ntsib "ntsej muag mus fim". Neeg hais lus lub ntsiab lus ntawm dab tsi twb hais tias yuav tsum tseeb heev. Fabkis lus piav qhia txog qhov teeb meem no: tête-à-tête. Txhais ua Lavxias teb sab qhia yuav ua rau lub luag - "lub taub hau rau taub hau" txhais tau tias kev qhia. yog txhais raws li "lub ntsej muag mus fim" nrog rau cov menyuam kawm lus Askiv lub ntsej muag mus fim. Ib tug German zwischen qhoc chaw nkaum vier Augen yuav txhais hais tias "nyob nruab nrab ntawm plaub ob lub qhov muag."

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev piv txwv dua, koj yuav ua kom paub tseeb tias lus nruas - nws yog ib yam ntawm cov kev qhia uas tej zaum yuav muaj nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm ib tug neeg, lawv lub ntsiab lus yog ib qhov tseeb tsuas yog thaum cov lus yog siv ua ke, indivisible.

phraseological kev sib sau

Lavxias teb sab lus muaj zoo li tus nuj nqis ntawm kev hais lus, lexical ntsiab lus uas rau ib co raws li yuav tsum qhib, raws li nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm lawv cov constituent lus. Tej nuj nqis ntawm kev hais lus yog hu ua phraseological kev sib sau. Piv txwv ntawm "splurge", "muab tso rau cov hniav nyob rau hauv lub txee", "zero haum", "zoo li ib tug os dej."

Ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm phraseological kev sib sau yog hais tias nws muaj ib tug ncaj qha thiab paj lug lub ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, ib tug "deadlock". Tus thawj muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov ncaj - yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv hais tias ib feem ntawm txoj kev los ntawm uas muaj tsis muaj khiav dim, thiab paj lug lub ntsiab lus - tsis pom txoj kev tawm ntawm qhov teeb meem no.

phraseological ob peb ua ke

Yog lwm loj pab pawg neeg ntawm phraseology, uas hu ua "phraseological ob peb ua ke." Qhov no muaj xws li cov lus uas muaj free thiab khi tus nqi. Yog li lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib phraseologism muaj li ntawm ib tug neeg lub ntsiab ntawm cov lo lus constituting nws. "Sidekick", "rhiab qhov teeb meem", "koov-yeeb ncuab", "ib tug ntshav ntswg" - piv txwv ntawm tej ob peb ua ke.

Sau idioms ntawm no pab pawg neeg yuav tau sib txawv, uas yog, nws yog ua tau los hloov nws tsawg kawg yog ib lo lus - "mus hlawv nrog txaj muag", "hlawv nrog kev sib ntxub", "hluav taws ntawm kev hlub", "hlawv nrog xam khib."

phraseological kab zauv

Ib tug tshwj xeeb cov pab pawg neeg no yog ua los ntawm phraseology paub los ntawm thaum yau paj lug, nrov kab zauv, aphorisms. Rau nws yog tau mus nqa clichés. Tej lexical units tau hu ua "phraseological kab zauv."

Piv nrog rau lwm hom ntawm phraseology, qhov no pab pawg neeg feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv colloquial hais lus thiab phau ntawv.

nruas txhais

Tej zaum koj yuav nrhiav tau ntau idioms designating tib phenomenon, kwv, kos npe rau, kev txiav txim. Nruas ntawm no hom yuav yuav mus rau ib tug los yog ntau hom lus.

Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus yog zoo dua lub npe hu nruas "ua roob tawm ntawm molehills," uas txhais tau tias "rau exaggerate qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev tshwm sim." Nruas nrog zoo xws li cov ntsiab lus tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus. "Ua ntawm lub koob tib rab diav rawg" - raws li lawv hais nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland. Nyob rau hauv lub Czech lus, dhau lawm, muaj ib qho kev qhia zoo li no lub ntsiab lus. Nws nyeem raws li nram no: "mus ua los ntawm yoov tshaj cum camel." Thiab muaj lus nruas "ua molehills tawm ntawm lub roob" nyob rau hauv lus Askiv.

Nruas txhais tej zaum yuav muaj nyob rau hauv txhua hom lus. Piv txwv li, xav txog ib qhov teeb meem thaum koj yuav tau hais txog yuav ua li cas lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib tej hauj lwm, cov ua hauj lwm txiv neej. Nws txiav txim twb tau piav kom meej meej thiab vividly, feem ntau muaj tseeb kev siv ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm ntawm phraseology - "ua hauj lwm nyuaj", "npab ntshuas mus ua hauj lwm", "ua hauj lwm nyuaj."

Tej lus nyob rau hauv phraseologisms

Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau hauv lub ua ke ntawm ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lawv cov kev siv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus, peb yuav pom tias ntau heev muaj idioms nrog tej lus. Qhov tseem nquag siv possessive, reflexive, attributive tej lus. Piv txwv li phraseologisms "yuav nyob rau hauv yooj yim", "rub koj tus kheej ua ke", "Ruffle", "dais nyob rau hauv lawv lub xub pwg nyom" thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

Nruas tej lus kom meej meej tuab tus txiv neej, muab nws ib lub tswv yim, muaj kev cuam tshuam tus cwj pwm ntawm lub xeev thiab cov kev ua ub.

Yuav ua li cas hom lus no yog cov lus ntawm idioms?

Lem ntawm kab lus kho nws, ua rau nws ib tug figurative, kev paub qhia lo. Ruaj ob peb ua ke txhawb cov lo lus txiv neej, cia nws mus rau ntau raug thiab kom meej meej qhia lawv cov kev xav. Muaj siv nruas, ib tug neeg yuav sab, sib sib zog nqus xav qhia meej thiab succinctly - nyob rau hauv ob los sis peb lo lus.

Nruas yuav kho cov lus ntawm phau ntawv sau tej hauj lwm, thiaj li sau ntawv thiab paj huam ntau siv qhov cuab tam, ua koj tsim yaam tshab nrog ci, yeeb yuj thiab inimitable.

Mloog mus rau lub keeb kwm ntawm lub rov tshwm sim ntawm phraseology, lawv tus nqi yuav cia leej twg tsa lawv kev theem ntawm kev paub.

Ib tug txiv neej xav txog cov nqe lus nug, yog dab tsi no yog cov lus nyob rau hauv cov lus idioms, involuntarily los txog rau lub xaus hais tias cov no yog cov ruaj khov ob peb ua ke peculiar ceeb toom ntawm lub neej thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg, nws centuries-laus ib txwm ua, keeb kwm kev. Nruas - yog lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg uas muaj teej tug mus rau ib tug lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai.

phau qhia ntawv

Lub lexical ntsiab lus ntawm phraseology, lub keeb kwm ntawm lawv cov tsos nyob rau hauv cov lus, lub permissible ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov kev siv peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm phraseological dictionaries. Niaj hnub no lawv luam tawm ib tug txaus loj tus naj npawb.

Cov khoom no muab faib mus rau hauv txoj kev nkag. Lawv sau tag nrho cov muaj nyob rau ntaub ntawv txog ib qho kev phraseologisms. Cov ua kab lis kev cai ntawm kev hais lus, paub cov ntsiab lus kawm invaluable pab tej zaum yuav cia li xws li ib tug phau ntawv txhais lus.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kws txawj nco ntsoov tias twb muaj lawm Tshuag ntawm phraseology - ib tug wealth ntawm hom lus - siv los ntawm cov neeg yog tsis tau kiag li txwv. Yog li ntawd, ib co ntawm cov philologists txawm qhia kom paub ib co tshiab kab zauv rau lawv tus kheej. Tom qab xws li ib tug tibneeg hu tauj coob tus txiv neej zoo pib to taub yog vim li cas cov lus nyob rau hauv cov lus yog idioms thiab siv lawv nyob rau hauv kev hais lus.