Yuav ua li cas yog hyperbole thiab litotes: piv txwv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv

Lavxias teb sab lus hnub no yog cov kaum zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab, linguists kwv yees hais tias muaj txog ib nrab ib lab cov lus, tsis xws li cov professionalism thiab dialects. Qhov zoo Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv tau pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev sau ntawv hom lus, li ntawd, cov lus twb Iwj artistic thiab kev paub qhia lo txhais tau tias, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv hais lus hnub no.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev sau ntawv hom lus thiab cov thawj ke

Literary Lavxias teb sab lus pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub XI xyoo pua, thaum lub sij hawm lub hav zoov ntawm lub xeev ntawm Kievan Rus. Tom qab ntawd thawj cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov masterpieces ntawm lub qub Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv tau tsim. Ib txhiab xyoo dhau los, tus sau phau ntawv siv cov tswv yim zoo thiab paub qhia tej lo txhais tau tias cov lus (txoj kab): lub personification, epithet, piv txwv qhia, hyperbole thiab litotes. Piv txwv ntawm cov lus muaj ntau thiab tseem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv txhua hnub lus.

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev "hyperbole" thiab "litotes"

Hnov tus thawj lub sij hawm lub sij hawm "hyperbole", kws txawj txog lub keeb kwm ntawm tej yam ntawm nws lub teb chaws nrog lub legendary Hyperborea, thiab kev kawm txog zauv nco ntsoov ib txoj kab uas muaj ob ceg, uas yog hu ua - hyperbole. Tab sis lub sij hawm yog hais txog cov ntaub ntawv uas? Hyperbola - ib tug stylistic daim duab, uas yog siv lug txhim khu cov expressiveness ntawm lub qhia thiab txhob txwm exaggeration. Nws tsis yog nyuaj rau twv hais tias qhov no lub sij hawm muaj ib cov lus rov, vim hais tias yog ib hom lus muaj txhais tau tias rau exaggeration, yuav tsum tau yuav ib tug stylistic daim duab uas ua hauj lwm pab rau understatement. Cov artistic thiab kev paub qhia lo txhais tau tias yog litotes. Cov nram qab no piv txwv kom meej meej qhia hais tias xws li ib tug litotes thiab yuav ua li cas feem ntau nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub hais lus.

Millennial keeb kwm ntawm hyperbole

Hyperbole yog heev nyob rau hauv ancient cov ntaub ntawv, piv txwv li nyob rau hauv lub "Lay": "Tom nyob rau hauv Polotske pozvonisha matins, thaum ntxov ntawm tus dawb huv Sofei lub tswb, thiab nws Kyeve ringing hnov." Ntsuam xyuas cov tswv yim, koj muaj peev xwm to taub lub ntsiab lus: lub suab ntawm cov tswb, prozvenevshego nyob rau hauv Polotsk, tuaj rau Kiev! Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag no tsis tau yuav, txwv tsis pub tus neeg nyob rau cov nyob ze lub zos tau poob lawv cov rooj sib hais. Lub sij hawm yog ntawm Latin keeb kwm: hyperbole txhais tau tias "ib tug exaggeration." Hyperbole siv yuav luag tag nrho cov paj huam thiab sau ntawv, tab sis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov nquag siv nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm sawv tawm Nikolay Gogol, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. Yog li, nyob rau hauv Gogol ua si "Tsoom fwv cov kws soj ntsuam" nyob rau hauv lub rooj yog ib tug "dib liab puas rubles," - lwm exaggeration, vim hais tias tsis yog li ntawd kim dib liab, yog hais tias nws yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis kub. Mayakovsky nyob rau hauv nws "extraordinary taug txuj kev nyuaj" sunset hlawv "nyob rau hauv ib puas thiab plaub caug suns" uas yog incredibly kaj.

Litotes nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv

Nrhiav kom paub cov hyperbole to taub dab tsi litotes, yog tsis yooj yim. Los ntawm no lub sij hawm yog feem ntau kuj nyob Gogol. Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "Nevsky Prospect," nws tau piav lub qhov ncauj ntawm ib tug neeg li me me hais tias nws yuav tsis nco ntau tshaj ob daim. Nikolai Nekrasov nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov paj huam "Neeg pluag me nyuam" cim - ib tug me txiv neej nrog ib tug claw, tab sis nws tsis txawj hais lus txog nws qhov siab nyob rau hauv centimeters: litotes sau xav mus sab laj txog hais tias cov laus tsis tshua muaj txiv neej yog ib tug hnyav lub nras uas taws. Muaj ib tug litotes yuav pom los ntawm lwm cov sau phau ntawv. Los ntawm txoj kev, muaj ib tug lub sij hawm los ntawm Greek lo lus litotes, uas txhais tau tias "simplicity, restraint."

Litotes thiab hyperbole nyob rau hauv txhua hnub hais lus

Txiv neej, tsis paub txog nws, nws siv hyperbole thiab litotes nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub ntau heev. Yog hais tias koj muaj peev xwm tseem twv lub ntsiab lus ntawm hyperbole vim hais tias ntawm tag nrho cov paub cognate qhia txog kev ua "rau exaggerate" dab tsi litotes - rau ntau nws tseem yog ib tug paub tsis meej. Ruined, tus nplua nuj txiv neej yuav hais tias, "Kuv muaj nyiaj - txaus mus cog lus," thiab pom ib tug me me tus me nyuam ntxhais taug txoj kev, koj muaj peev xwm paub dab tsi nws yog, "Thumbelina", thiab yog hais tias nws yog ib tug me ntsis kas - "ib tug me nyuam tub-nrog-ntiv tes". Qhov no yog lub feem ntau heev piv txwv ntawm litotes. Hyperbole, peb txhua tus kov thiab feem ntau, piv txwv li, tau ntsib los ntawm lub caij nrog ib tug phooj ywg, cov thawj replica yog "ib puas xyoo tsis tau pom," thiab nws niam, nkees ntawm ua ib yam hais nyob tsis tau twjywm li-tub hais tias, "Kuv hais rau koj ib txhiab lub sij hawm!" . Yog li ntawd, peb yuav ib zaug dua concluding tias tsis yog txhua tus paub hais tias xws hyperbole thiab litotes, tab sis siv cov hom kev kawm, txawm tias ib tug me nyuam ntawm peb.

Cov kev cai tseem ceeb ntawm tropes

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus yog zoo stylistic nuj nqis: lawv muab lub siab lub ntsws, txhim khu cov dluab thiab ua rau nws paub qhia tej lo. Yog tsis muaj lawv, tej hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin thiab Lermontov yuav tau poob nws ci, thiab tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau mus rau ntau confidently siv zoo nkauj lem ntawm kab lus, raws li koj paub, piv txwv li, hais tias xws li ib tug litotes.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua ua tsis tau cov hom kev kawm, uas ua rau lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog ib qho ntawm feem kev paub qhia lo, complex thiab nplua nuj. Yog li ntawd saib xyuas ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus - qhov no cov khoom muaj nqis, cov cuab yeej no yog bequeathed rau peb Turgenev thiab lwm yam ntawm peb koj compatriots.