Yuav ua li cas yog ib qho ionized roj? Luv luv txog ntshav

Physics - heev interesting science. Nws yog tej zaum kuj raug cov tswv yim, uas peb tau hnov, tab sis tsis muaj ib tug tiag tiag lub tswv yim. Thiab niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm siab technology, nws yog nce slipping ntshav tswvyim, los yog, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lub ionized roj. Muaj coob tus neeg, cia li hnov lo lus, ntshai, thiab tsis txawm sim mus nrhiav seb yog dab tsi nws txhais tau tias. Tab sis txhua yam yog yooj yim heev, thiab nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm no peb yuav piav li cas yog ib qho ionized roj, thiab dab tsi cov khoom nws muaj.

Ua ntej peb yuav muab koj ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab tej ntaub ntawv, peb yuav ua ib nyuag cov keeb kwm.

zaj dabneeg

Ntshav, los yog ib tug plaub lub xeev ntawm teeb meem, twb tshwm sim nyob xyoo 1879, los ntawm William Crookes nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm thwmsim nrog lub voltaic arc. Tom qab, tag nrho cov science twb tsim hu ua ntshav physics. Qhov twg puas tau ib tug science thiab yog vim li cas yog nws tsim nyog? Qhov no yog hais tias txoj kev tshawb no pom ib tug lossis loj ntshav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm science thiab technology. Tab sis peb yuav tham txog yav tom ntej. Thiab tam sim no ib tug me ntsis txog cov essence ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "ionized roj".

Yuav ua li cas yog ntshav?

Lo lus no tuaj rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntawm Greek. Nws txhais tau hais tias "dai kom zoo nkauj", "ua". Thiab cov no yog cov tsis npliag lus. Raws li yog lub npe hu, pa roj yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug txog ntsha qhov twg nws yog nyob (ib yam li cov dej). Uas yog vim li cas nws yog chaotic thiab muaj tsis muaj zoo. Txawm li cas los, cov ntshav - yog lwm heev. Tsis muaj zem nws yog hu ua tus plaub lub xeev ntawm teeb meem. Nws yog fundamentally sib txawv ntawm tag nrho cov lwm lub xeev ntawm lawv khoom tshwj xeeb. Lub fact tias tag nrho cov ntawm cov atoms hais tias ua li cov ntshav, muaj ib tug zoo los yog tsis zoo xwb.

Ua ntej peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas kom tau cov ntshav thiab qhov chaw uas nws yog thov, peb yuav tsum to taub yam ntawm cov kev tshawb xav ntawm ntshav physics, vim hais tias nws yog heev pab rau peb paub narrative.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm ntshav

Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv Science News for KIDS chav kawm ib tug ntau ntawm cov sij hawm them daws thiab hais tias lawv muaj. Cov them hais muaj cim zog thiab ua rau muaj ntau yam ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam systems "solute - kuab". Txawm li cas los, ions (them hais nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj) nyob tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous nruab nrab.

Raws li nws muab tawm, thiab cov roj tej zaum yuav ionized atoms thiab tsim ib tug zoo los yog tsis zoo xwb. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm knocking tawm ib tug electron los ntawm ib tug atom los ntawm sab nraum rog. Cov tawm txim liab electrons kuj thawv mus rau hauv lwm yam atom, thiab "tuav" rau lwm electron. Tab sis tej zaum nws yuav rov qab qhov teeb meem no: lub electron yuav ya mus rau hauv lub ion thiab dua ib tug kev nruab nrab atom. Tag nrho cov dab tas li noj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Nws yog ib heev ruaj tsis khov nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm sab nraud rog txhawb nws.

Tau ntshav yeej yog ib tug yooj yim heev yam, siv tau rau tag nrho cov ntawm peb nyob rau hauv tsev: dua cov roj los ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob arc ntawm high voltage. Qhov ntau dua qhov arc kub, qhov ntau sov lub ntshav, peb tau rau ntawm lub qhov zis. Lub siab dua voltage nyob rau hauv nws terminals, qhov ntau lub ionized pa roj yog tau tom qab.

Cov ntshav kuj yuav muab faib ua ob peb hom. Hais txog dab tsi tshwm sim ntshav (ionized gas), koj yuav kawm tau nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no seem.

plasmas

Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub ionized roj yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv dag thiab tej yam ntuj tso. Nrog rau cov thawj tag nrho cov ntshiab pom, ib tug neeg tau yooj yim tsim ib tug ntshav thiab siv nws rau nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj (piv txwv li, neon teeb, lasers, tswj thermonuclear fusion). Thiab yog dab tsi yog ib tug ntshav nyob rau hauv cov xwm? Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov manifestation - xob laim.

Los ntawm ionized roj yuav kuj tau muab ntaus nqi qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov aurora borealis, uas muaj lub zoo fortune mus saib tsis tag nrho cov neeg uas nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hnub ci cua, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, yog plaub lub xeev ntawm teeb meem. Yog hais tias peb xav txog cov ntshav nyob rau hauv ib tug dav heev kev txiav txim zoo, nws hloov tawm hais tias tag nrho cov chaw belongs rau nws.

Cov ntshav kuj yuav muab faib raws li nws kub. Raws li yog lub npe hu, lub kub roj, lub active suab ntawm lub lwg me me nyob rau hauv nws, thiab saum toj no nws lub zog. Txij li thaum ntshav yog ib cov roj zoo, cov nqe lus no yeej muaj tseeb rau nws. и холодный (соответственно, температура меньше миллиона K) . Yog li, pib los ntawm dab tsi kub ionized roj, nws yog muab faib mus rau hauv ib tug kub (kub saum toj no lab K) thiab txias (feem, lub kub yog tsawg tshaj li ib lab K).

Muaj yog ib tug ntau qhia - cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm ionization. Nws qhia tau hais tias yog dab tsi feem pua ntawm cov atoms phua rau hauv ions nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. By xws taw qhia qhov txawv mas ionized roj thiab nizkoionizirovanny. Nws kuj muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov classifications.

xaus

Ntshav - tsis xws li ib tug yooj yim tshaj plaws rau to taub. Teeb meem pib ib tug tob txoj kev tshawb no ntawm nws. Tab sis raws li tau pom muaj tshaj plaws. Peb tsis tau hais txog nrog zauv, raws li ntxaws li sai tau mus piav qhia txog lub essence ntawm cov tswvyim no. Physics - heev nthuav txuj tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb nws yog tsim nyog, yog hais tias tsuas vim hais tias nws puag ncig peb nyob rau hauv txhua yam thiab qhov txhia chaw. Thiab peb tsab xov xwm aims los ua pov thawj nws, vim hais tias ntshav yog tag nrho cov nyob ib ncig ntawm peb, cia li hais tias tej zaum peb tsis to taub lub sib sib zog nqus essence ntawm qhov tshwm sim nrog nws.