Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug hybrid tsheb? Qhov tseem muaj txiaj ntsim Hybrid faib

Hybrid lub tsheb yog maj mam tab sis muaj tseeb tseem sib ntaus rau txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tsheb lag luam. Lub nce muaj koob meej ntawm tej qauv thiab ntau lawm pab heev lub hom phiaj yam - tshee nce nqi rau diesel roj thiab roj av, cov kev taw qhia ntawm ntau stringent uas yuav tsum tau rau kev kawm ntawv thiab nqi-hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov tshiab tej qauv rau xyaw.

Hybrid faib: Yuav ua li cas yog nws?

"Hybrid" nyob rau hauv Latin - yam khoom tau raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm combining lub ntsiab ntawm heterogeneous keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm automotive technology nyob rau hauv cov tswvyim no muaj xws li ib tug ua ke ntawm ob hom powertrains. Nws yog hais txog lub internal combustion engine (ICE) thiab ib tug hluav taws xob motor (lwm - lub cev muaj zog, ib tug compressed cua). Nyob rau hauv no niaj hnub tsheb manufacturers muab feem rau ntse zog tswj systems.

Nws muaj ob hom ntawm lub hwj chim nroj tsuag ntawm tsheb hybrids - full (full hybrids) thiab khaub-ncaws nyias (me me hybrids). Cov kev xaiv thawj yuav equipping ib tug haib electric tsav tsheb, zoo ua khub nrog cov internal combustion engine thiab yog muaj peev xwm mus muab lub zog ntawm lub tshuab thaum uas tsis muaj kev ceev. Lub lite version ntawm lub electric tsav yog muab tsuas yog ib tug yuav txhawb tau lub luag hauj lwm.

Ib tug luv luv excursion mus rau hauv keeb kwm

Tus thawj lawm hybrid tsheb "Toyota" (Toyota Prius liftback) tuaj tawm lub rooj sib txoos kab ze li ntawm ob xyoo dhau los, nyob rau hauv 1997. Ob xyoos tom qab, "Honda" tau qhia ib tug qauv Insight, thiab tom qab ib tug thaum lub Japanese manufacturers tau koom nyob sab Europe thiab American pib giants - "Ford", "Audi", "Volvo", "BMW". By 2014, tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov hybrids muag cov fleet hla lub xya millionth milestone.

Tab sis tsis txhob xav hais tias lub internal combustion engine thiab lub electric tsav nyob rau hauv cov khub khwv tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub XX caug xyoo. Thawj cov avtogibridov nyob rau hauv peb tam sim no to taub yog tus Lohner-Porshe Semper Vivus - tsheb tsim los ntawm cov legendary Austrian designer Ferdinand Porsche rov qab nyob rau hauv 1900.

Schemes ntawm hybrid propulsion

thaum uas tig mus

Rau cov tsheb nyob rau hauv uas thaum uas tig mus Circuit Court yog siv, nws yog ib tug uas engine ntawm Internal tiv cav tseb. Haib electric tsav plays ib tug yuav txhawb tau lub luag hauj lwm, xws li thaum lub sij hawm acceleration los yog braking, regenerative zog thiab stocks. Lub taub hau ntawm lub sab hauv combustion cav thiab ib tug hluav taws xob motor yog muab los ntawm ib lub computer tswj system.

Zoo ib yam

Qhov yooj yim daim duab ntawm ib tug hybrid tsheb. Nws paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub lag luam yog ua raws li cov kis ntawm torque los ntawm lub sab hauv combustion engine generator, generates hluav taws xob thiab nqi lub roj teeb. Tshuab tsab ntawv tsa suab yog muab los ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob hwj chim tsheb ciav hlau.

mixed

Option simultaneous realization ntawm series thiab thaum uas tig mus circuits. Tsiv los ntawm qhov chaw thiab tsiv thaum uas tsis muaj speeds, lub tsheb siv hluav taws xob traction, thiab Internal combustion cav muab lub generator. Tsheb nyob rau kev kub ceev tshwm sim vim kis tau tus mob ntawm torque los ntawm lub sab hauv combustion engine rau tus tsav lub log. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm siab loads muab hluav taws xob kev pab hwj chim yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub roj teeb. Lub sis ntawm cov hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog thiab lub internal combustion engine yog tiav los ntawm ib planetary iav.

zoo

Ib tug hybrid tsheb combines qhov zoo ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob motor thiab lub tshuab nrog lub engine. Zoo rau lub cev muaj zog - torque koj yam ntxwv raws li ib tug nrog combustion engine - ib tug kua roj thiab yooj yim zog qhov twg los. Tus thawj zoo hom ntawm heev nres thiab pib, cov raug nroog tsav tsheb, lub thib ob - nyob rau hauv qhov ceev. Indisputable zoo ntawm no tandem:

• efficiency (rau cov tib mus dhia ntawm lub hybrid roj noj 20-25% tsawg dua nyob rau hauv lub classical qauv);
• muaj hwj huam cia;
• ecological (txo nqi ntawm cov teeb meem emissions rau hauv lub chaw los ntawm muaj kuab noj roj);
• yam tsawg kawg nkaus nres ncoo coj (muab los ntawm regenerative braking);
• zoo khiav kev ua tau zoo indicators, As;
• lub peev xwm los txuag thiab re-siv zog (cia yog roj teeb thiab tshwj xeeb capacitors).

shortcomings

• High nqi, vim lub complexity ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub hwj chim nroj tsuag.
• Kim kho hybrid tsheb thiab cov teeb meem nrog rau cov pov tseg ntawm cov roj teeb.
• Loj ceeb thawj.
• Roj teeb nyhav rau nws tus kheej-paug.

Yuav ua li cas lub tsheb tswv?

Tsheb enthusiasts tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no los mus qhia lawv cov kev ntawm conquering lub txoj kev thiab tej kev tshoov ntawm lub tshuab cais cov pros thiab cons ntawm lawv paub ua qauv. Tsis nyob twj ywm tsis mloog thiab hybrid tsheb. Xyuas ntawm lawv cov tswv duas paub eloquent hais lus rau cov ntseeg ntawm cov cav tov thiab tau tseem ceeb nyiaj ntawm tsev neeg pob nyiaj siv, mus rau lub purchase ntawm cov roj. Qhov kawg kom zoo dua yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cov neeg uas nyiam ntev mus. Ntawm cov disadvantages muaj yog ib tug siab txij nkawm nqi ntawm hybrids thiab qhov phem tshaj nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog classic tsheb, tej kaum tsev stability.

Sab saum toj qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua qauv

Toyota Prius ( "Toyota Prius")

Pioneer hybrids tsev neeg, nruab nrog ob electric motors (hwj chim ntawm 42 kW thiab 60 kW), nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog lub internal combustion engine ntawm 1.8 liter (muaj peev xwm 98 l. C.). Maximum ceev - 180 km / h. Tsaug rau cov nqi pheej yig thiab exceptional roj economy, Toyota Prius rau ntau xyoo, yog ib tug thawj coj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev muag khoom cov competitors nyob rau hauv nws ya.

Toyota Camry Hybrid ( "Toyota Camry")

Lub hybrid tsheb nyob rau heev yig, txaus nyiam tsim, kev nplij siab, siab processability. Lwm zoo dua ntawm tso ib Toyota Camry koom hybrids, - ceev acceleration (rau 7.4 vib nas this, cov qauv no yuav leeb rau 100 km / h).

Chevrolet Volt ( "Chevrolet Volt")

Tswv yim plaub hatchback nrog zoo heev khiav yam ntxwv. Rechargeable hybrid (plug-nyob rau hauv hybrid tsheb). Nws nruab nrog ib tug roj av cav (volume 1.4 liter, 84 liter muaj peev xwm. S.), Thaiv lithium-ion roj teeb muaj ib tug ntev kev pab cuam lub neej, thiab lub electric tsav tsav tsheb lub tsheb. Mileage rau hluav taws xob nroog - txog 54-60 km.

Volvo V60 Plug-in ( "Volvo V60 Plug-in")

Thawj tug avtogibridov qauv turbodiesel engine (volume 2.4 liter, 215 liter muaj peev xwm. S., nruab nrab noj ntawm diesel ib 100 km yog 1.9 litres). Cov tau tus electric tsav ntawm lub diesel chaw nres tsheb wagon pub kom dhau rau lub fais 50 kis lus mev.

Hasdas Tsoom Hybrid ( "Honda-Tsoom")

Tsheb developers tau tso siab rau tej qho tseem ceeb neeg ntxwv raws li kev nplij siab, roj economy thiab practicality. Lub ntsiab Cheebtsam ntawm cov muaj koob meej ntawm Hasdas Tsoom Hybrid - compactness, strikingly juxtaposed nrog ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm hybrid ua tsaug rau qhov tshwj xeeb tsim kev daws teeb meem, efficiency thiab txaus nyiam tsim.

Zeem muag, los yog ib tug luv luv chaw nyob mus rau lub skeptic

Hybrid technology muaj nws kev thiab tw. Ib txhia neeg yog ntxias ntawm lawv qhov tseeb thiab cov hauj lwm zoo, thaum lwm tus ua tsis log rau taw tes rau shortcomings. Yog hais tias koj twb muaj ib tug classic tsheb nrog ib tug diesel los yog roj av cav, koj nyiam nws tsim, tsis tshua muaj roj noj, kev thiab kev kawm ntawv tus yam ntxwv, nws yog tau hais tias nws tsis yog tsim nyog los hurry up nrog lub purchase ntawm ib tug hybrid. Tos kom txog thaum lub manufacturers yuav coj mus rau kev ua lag luam ntau tshaj version.

Cia li tsis tau ib yam nkaus thiab ncav us txog tos txheej txheem, thiaj li tsis khuv xim txog lub poob lub sij hawm thiab xav paub yog vim li cas koj tau tso tawm yuav. Raws li kws txawj, lub hybrid tsheb nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej yuav tsum yog ib tug ntau pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm nroog loj thiab me me zos. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm kwv yees ib tug tseem ceeb expansion ntawm uas twb muaj lawm qauv ntau yam. Hybrids yuav coj ib tug tsim nyog qhov chaw nyob rau hauv txhua ya tsheb series - los ntawm supercars rau crossovers thiab minivans-neeg ua hauj lwm.