Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug mole nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS? Kev txiav txim thiab cov qauv

Nrog lub sij hawm "tias" txojkev txhua tus menyuam kawm uas pib txoj kev tshawb no Science News for KIDS. Muaj ntau txoj tswv yim, xws li hniav puas loj, hniav puas concentration, molarity Hnyav nyuaj to taub, tsis paub txog dab tsi tias. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav xaus lus tias cov mole - ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS. Muaj ntau cov teeb meem yuav tsis tau daws tsis txiav txim rau tus xov tooj ntawm moles.

txhais

Yog li ntawd dab tsi yog qhov tias nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS? Piav muab yog heev yooj yim: nws yog ib chav tsev nyob rau hauv uas lub expressed nqi ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog ib yam ntawm cov SI units. Kev txiav txim ntawm yog dab tsi tias nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS, thiab yuav formulated raws li nram no: 1 tias yog sib npaug rau tus nqi ntawm ib yam khoom uas muaj raws li cov yam ntxwv hais ntawm 12 g ntawm carbon-12.

Nws twb pom hais tias 12 g ntawm no isotope atoms muaj nqi yog txaus sib npaug zos rau cov Avogadro qhov.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub tswvyim

Ob peb to taub hais tias ib tug mole Science News for KIDS siv cov ntsiab lus txhais, xav txog lub keeb kwm ntawm cov tswvyim no. Raws li feem ntau to taub, lub sij hawm "tias" twb qhia los ntawm tus German chemist Wilhelm Oswald, leej twg yeej lub Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv 1909. Lo lus "tias" obviously derives los ntawm lo lus "molecule".

Nthuav qhov tseeb - lub Avogadro hypothesis uas nyob rau hauv tib tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv tib tagnrho cov sib txawv gases muaj tus nqi qub ntawm lub substance muab rau pem hauv ntej ntev ua ntej Oswald, thiab lub qhov nws tus kheej twb xam Avogadro nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov XIX caug xyoo. Hais tias yog, txawm tias lub tswvyim ntawm "moles" thiab muaj tsis yog, tus heev lub tswv yim ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm tej yam twb yog.

yooj yim mis

Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog sib txawv, nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov teeb meem. Qhov no hom yog lub feem ntau mis nyob rau hauv uas no tus nqi yog qhia los ntawm tus piv rau tus hniav puas loj hnyav:

n = m / M

Nws yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov teeb meem - tus nqi ntawm cov additive. Hais tias yog, mus xam tus nqi ntawm no kom muaj nuj nqis rau lub sib tov, nws yog tsim nyog ua ntej mus txiav txim seb tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw rau txhua yam ntawm nws lub ntsiab thiab ntxiv rau lawv.

Lwm mis yog siv, yog hais tias paub kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm hais:

n = N / N _{ib tug}

Yog hais tias qhov teeb meem ntawd hais tias tus txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob, koj muaj peev xwm siv cov nram qab txoj cai: nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam, tej roj occupies invariant volume - 22,4 liters. Ces koj yuav siv cov hauv qab no qhia:

NV / V _m

Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog sawv cev los ntawm Clapeyron kab zauv:

n = PV / (RT)

Paub txog hais tias ib tug mole nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS thiab yooj yim mis rau kev txiav txim tus xov tooj ntawm moles ntawm yeeb tshuaj, ua rau nws tau los daws kom tau teeb meem ntau sai npaum li cas. Yog hais tias koj paub tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas koj yuav nrhiav tau qhov loj, ntim, ceev, thiab lwm yam tsis.