Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug pathogenic pwm?

Yog ho nphav kiag yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib lub tebchaws cov tsiaj qus. Lawv muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv: siav, lom, pwm, poov xab, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Niaj hnub nimno science paub ntau tshaj li tsib puas hom fungi. Tej no kuj yog qhov txhia chaw hauv lub ntiaj chaw, txawm nyob rau hauv lub neeg. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tau nrog zoo nrog cov neeg thiab ua opportunistic pathogens. Pathogenic pwm tas ua tus kab mob. Nws indulges nyob rau hauv qhov thiab nrhiav kev los yeej muaj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub hnub, raws li tau zoo raws li cov kev pab rau kev loj hlob ntxiv thiab kev loj hlob. Tu siab, nws harms tib neeg noj qab haus huv.

txhais

Pathogenic fungi - pathogens ntawm no sib sib zog nqus thiab ces dag fungal kab mob nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj. Tej no kuj yog feem ntau dermatophytes mus rau lub chav kawm ntawv, uas yog pub rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Tsawg zaus, tseem muaj sab fungi thiab actinomycetes.

Lawv muaj ib lub tropism rau ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov tsiaj. Qhov no txhais tau tias lub epidermis dermatophytes xav tau ib tug ntxhuav saum tawv taub hau, poov - lymphatic system, candida - parenchymal kabmob, Aspergillus nyob rau hauv lub pa system, thiab actinomycetes hlub los khom nyob rau hauv cov pob txha.

Paub cov yam ntxwv tus kws kho mob yuav qha kab mob thiab muab ib txog kev kho.

Ib suam ntawm pathogenic fungi

Nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj ntawm fungi pathogenic fungi raug muab faib ua ob pawg: slime pwm thiab fungi tam sim no. Xeem rhuav rau hauv xya chav kawm ntawv, uas npe muaj kev cuam tshuam lub xam qhovkev theem ntawm kev loj hlob:

- tsitridomitsety;
- gipotsitridomitsety;
- oomycetes;
- Zygomycetes;
- Ascomycetes;
- bazidomitsety;
- Deuteromycetes.

Tus thawj plaub neeg tsim ib pab pawg neeg ntawm sab fungi, lwm leej lwm tus yog ntau dua, thiab qhov kawg hauv chav kawm ntawv - mus imperfect fungi. Feem ntau cov pathogenic fungi uas ua rau tus kab mob nyob rau hauv tib neeg, yog Deuteromycetes.

Cov khoom ntawm pathogenic fungi

Tus txiv neej feem ntau tam sim ntawd ceeb toom tias nws lub cev ntes tau pathogenic fungi. Cov noob kab mob (mushroom noob) ntev thiab coj hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug raj, uas tseem loj hlob tuaj thinner thiab kom nws thiaj li tig nyob rau hauv Gifu thiab ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub mycelium. Twb nyob rau ntawm no theem ho txwv. Hyphae siab fungi muaj ib tug muab faib, thiab cov sab - tsis muaj. Hyphae los ntawm ntau cov noob kab mob loj hlob, intertwine nrog txhua lwm yam, thiab thaum kawg rau lub substrate mycelium hlob.

Zus tau tej cov tshuaj thiab diagnostics pathogenic hom fungi zus rau as xov xwm, xws li Sabouraud, Czapek-Dox, nyob rau mash thiab wort agar. A yuavtsum tau kawm uantej yog tus pH hauv qab no xya.

Fungal hlwb them phab ntsa ntawm carbohydrate, tab sis lub substance los ntawm cov uas yuav txiav txim seb lub hom qhia tias yog leejtwg, yog chitin. Nws tsis hnov mob nrog penicillin thiab lysozyme, thiaj li muaj ib tug ntau dua virulence nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev.

Pathogenic fungi resistant rau lub cev thiab tshuaj disinfectants. Kev kho mob ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj teeb kev puas tsuaj rau nruab nrog cev thiab tshuab ntawm tib neeg, vim nws yuav tsum tau ib tug siab concentration ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub cev. Feem ntau cov sensitive rau txoj kev kho microspores, thiab qhov tsawg - Candida. Xaiv cov tshuaj yog nyuab los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias ib hom ntawm fungi txawv ob peb ua ke ntawm antigens thiab toxins, enzymes thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm pathogenicity tseem nyob twj ywm tsis paub hais tias.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob nyob rau hauv tib neeg

Yog ho nphav kiag, pathogenic rau tib neeg, yuav ua rau tus kab mob no, uas yuav tsum tau muab faib raws li localization rau hauv plaub pab pawg:

1. Sib sib zog nqus mycoses - lub yeej ntawm parenchymal kabmob, sepsis, nthuav tawm ntawm noob los ntawm lub qhov ntawm tus kab mob mus ze cov ntaub so ntswg.
2. Subcutaneous mycoses, lawv kuj subkutannye. Yog ho nphav kiag colonize lub epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous rog, fascia, thiab txawm tus pob txha.
3. Epidermomikozy dermatomycosis los yog derivatives tshwm sim rau lub sab sauv daim tawv nqaij khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, cov plaub hau thiab rau tes.
4. Ces dag mycoses (keratomikozy). Pathogenic fungi nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij cuam tshuam tsuas yog tus stratum corneum thiab cov plaub hau.

Ib tug cais pab pawg neeg paim kab mob pathogens uas yog opportunistic fungi. Qhov no opportunist cov kab mob, uas tshwm sim thaum lub cev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog txaus, xws li tus kab mob HIV, kab mob siab B los yog C, oncological kab mob.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau causative ua hauj lawm ntawm fungal kab mob muaj nyob rau hauv cov av los yog hmoov av, li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv respirators, ntxuav cov zaub thiab tshuaj ntsuab, ntub tu nyob rau hauv lub chaw. Sib sib zog nqus mycoses tshwm sim tom qab nqus tau pa ntawm neeg sawv cev, thiab nws yog tsim nyog tias noob tau nkag mus rau lub qhov txhab nto rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm daim tawv nqaij kab mob.

kev tiv thaiv

Pathogenic pwm tau mus rau hauv lub cev, yuav ua tau rau ib tug cascade kev tshua ntawm lub cev tseem ceeb kom paub thiab tsim antigen kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam nws.

Raws li txoj cai, tag nrho cov nceb - muaj zog immunogens, li ntawd, neeg feem ntau yog tsis haum rau lawv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev rau cov hom ncua-hom meem kev txhawj xeeb thiab cytotoxic hom. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov T-pab hlwb mus tsim kho cov ntaub so ntswg macrophages mus tshem tawm cov noob kab mob. Humoral teb manifested raws li high school titer tshuaj los ntawm cov uas los mus txiav txim rau theem ntawm tus kab mob, raws li tau zoo raws li qhov ua kom ntawm complement los ntawm lub classical thiab lwm pathway.

mob ntawm fungal kab mob

Qhov yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav ntes pathogenic fungi - microscopy. Cov neeg mob noj ntshav, hnoos qeev thiab daim tawv nqaij qhov chaw mob, yog muaj ntaub ntawv rau iav slides, tsuas los yog kho nrog acids, thiab ces muab tso rau hauv lub teeb los yog electron tshuab kuaj kab mob. Qhov no txoj kev tso cai mus xyuas lub morphological nta ntawm lub pathogen thiab txiav txim seb nws tsos.

Tej zaum txoj kev kuaj sown nceb on xim tawm thiab soj ntsuam lawv tus txoj kev loj hlob thiab fermenting ntau yam tshuaj. Qhov no yuav pab nrog lub biochemical taw tes ntawm view los txheeb xyuas cov causative tus neeg saib xyuas.

Nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm pathogenic fungi nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov ntshav tshuaj tshwm sim, qhov tseeb uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim los ntawm serological txoj kev. Txawm li cas los, qhov tshwm sim ntawm xws li ib tug txheej txheem zaum yuav tsis yog, vim ntau hom nceb muaj tus ntoo khaub lig-reactive antigens.

Nyob rau hauv epidemiological kev tshawb fawb, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav paub qhov ntawm cov pejxeem, uas twb fungal kab mob, siv daim tawv nqaij kev ntsuam xyuas. Nws cia koj paub hais tias lub yav tas los ces yuav tsum lub cev nrog rau no hom ntawm antigen los yog tsis. Yuav kom kuaj no txoj kev yuav siv tsis tau, vim nws muaj tsawg things.

Lub genus candida

Rau hnub tim, nws faib 186 tsiaj ntawm genus Candida, tiam sis tsuas yog ib co ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm ua rau tus kab mob nyob rau hauv tib neeg. Piv txwv li, C. albicans, C. pseudotropicalis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. Quillermondii thiab lwm tus neeg.

Qhov no opportunistic fungi hais tias nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub plab. Nws hlob zoo nyob rau hauv kev kawm nplua nuj nyob rau hauv carbohydrates. Zos yog muaj li ntawm me me oval hlwb, interwoven nrog threads ntawm mycelium. Heev sai sai nws multiplies nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm ib txwm kub ntawm 37 degrees, twb peb teev ntawm ib tug ob peb txhiab tus tshiab noob yog tsim hyphae. Germination ntawm hlwb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg nrog muaj zog lub zos nruab teb nrog lub tsim ntawm kua paug.

Nyob rau hauv noj qab nyob zoo tib neeg thiab tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv 50 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob uas sown fungi ntawm lub genus Candida, nyob rau hauv lub faeces - yuav luag ib txwm nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab qog ua kua week ntawm lub qhov chaw mos huam - mus rau 10 feem pua. Nws muaj yog hais tias tus kab mob lom zem ntau nyob rau lub xeev ntawm lub cev thiab endocrine systems. Candidiasis yuav ntxias tshuaj kho immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, cytotoxic tshuaj, tawg kev mob kev nkeeg, ntev-lub sij hawm kev kho mob nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, mob cancer thiab lub qhov ncauj contraceptives.

Pathogenic fungi ua kab mob thiab mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, disturbance ntawm muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub endocrine qog, thiab lwm tus neeg. Tsis ntev los no, ho nce tus naj npawb ntawm iatrogenic Candidiasis tom qab phais thiab diagnostic cov txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, daim tawv nqaij qhov chaw mob thiab qog ua kua fungi ntawm lub genus Candida yog ib tug ntawm cov markers ntawm AIDS.

Pneumocystis mob ntsws

Pneumocystis carinii - ib cov pwm uas tseem ceeb muaj feem xyuam rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub pa system. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav saib nws cov kev cai zog yog tsis txaus pa as xov xwm, koj yuav tsum tau siv qaib embryos los yog nruam cell kab lis kev cai.

Hlwv yog cov puag ncig hlwb, uas yog pom hauv lub basophilic hlwb. Lub zos nyob ib ncig ntawm mature hlwv yeej ib txwm positioned cov hluas thiab cov nrab cov ntaub ntawv. Lub xub ntiag ntawm xam lub cev pub rau zaum ntaus nqi mus rau cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm Pneumocystis actinomycetes.

Cov fungi ua mob ntsws, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub tej zaum yuav raug thiab lwm yam hauv nruab nrog cev: ob lub raum, tus po, lymphatic system, retina, lub plawv, lub siab, pancreas, thiab txawm lub paj hlwb. Cov kab mob feem ntau yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam nrog txo tiv thaiv.

aspergillosis

Qhov no pwm ntaub ntawv ib tug tus ntsuab zos uas loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev kub, tab sis muaj peev xwm tsis zam rau thaum tshav kub kub. Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, ntoo. Ua mob kab mob tom qab ntaus ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm noob rau hauv lub cev cov zaub mov, piv txwv li khob cij. kab mob kev feem ob, nyob rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm cov ntshav pathologies, sarcoma, tuberculosis, corticosteroid txoj kev kho, immunosuppressive. Nws tsis yog kis tau ntawm ib tug neeg mus rau lwm tus.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws muaj feem xyuam rau cov pa system, tej zaum yuav ua tau rau tawv nqaij cov kab mob xws li eczema. Mycelium nyob ib ncig ntawm necrotic cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv lub lesion tshwm granulomas. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature yog lub tsos ntawm kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv lub cuam tshuam qhov chaw uas muaj fungal khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog tus neeg mob ntawm muaj quag kab mob nrog txhab ntawm lub hauv paus poob siab system.