Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug "raster": txhais, kev faib tawm, txhais lus rau hauv ib tug vector

Tej designer paub dab tsi tus qauv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los npaj cov dluab rau lawv cov kev hloov kho, creation layouts. Rau qhov nruab nrab neeg siv network sib txawv ntawm tus tawm tswv yim tsis yog li ntawd zoo kawg thiab. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog cov qauv rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog ib qho uas txhua leej txhua tus yuav tsum paub, uas xav ua kom tau rau cov txheej txheem cov duab.

Lus Txhais raster, nws zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug bitmap? Qhov no duab yog muaj li ntawm ib tug matrix ntawm pixels, tab xim ib tug tej yam xim. Lawv yog cov yooj yim mus pom, loj npaum li cas daim duab. Cov ntaub ntawv nrog raster graphics ua rau cov code uas muaj tus nab npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab lawv cov xim. Cov duab, luam dluab, illustrations nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv Magazine thiab nyob rau hauv computer screen - raster. Cov kab sib chaws ntawm pixels (dots) yuav kis ib cov duab ntawm tej complexity, duab ntxoov ntxoo, gradients, plooj, Halftone, 3D-los thiab txawm animation. Photorealism - lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm no hom ntawm graphics.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm raster muaj xws li cov nram qab no:

1. Tsis muaj peev xwm mus teev. Ntug duab (ie ncab ntawm daim phiaj ntawm pixels) los yog zuj zus lawm nws (styanuv li hais tias ib co ntawm cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau poob), muaj peev xwm ho thuam cov duab zoo.
2. Lub bitmap yog tas rau ib tug duab plaub. Hais tias yog, raws li qhov daim ntawv thov ntawm nqus ntawm txhua lwm yam hauv qab "nkaum" nyob rau hauv cov tom qab dawb saum toj.
3. Qhov ntau complex cov duab, qhov ntau nws nyhav ib cov ntaub ntawv.

nta raster

Raster dluab txawv nyob rau hauv loj, daws teeb meem, xim modules thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov xim. Rau yav tom ntej kuj heev yam ntxwv ntawm daim phiaj. Paub cov hom ntawm raster matrix hom: tsis tu ncua thiab stochastic.

1. Loj (by luj) - tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov pixels nyob rau hauv cov duab yog xam nyob rau hauv CB (MB, GB). Qhov loj thiab ntau daim duab, tus ntau nws nyhav.
2. Daws teeb meem - lub xov tooj ntawm pixels ib nti (ppi) nyob rau hauv lub hauv internet dluab, duab, los yog dots ib nti (dpi) nyob rau hauv luam illustrations. Qhov loj qhov nqi, qhov zoo hauv daim duab, dlaim phaj. Standard daws teeb meem Internet dluab - 72 ppi, luam layouts - 300 ppi.
3. Xim module lub sij lub yooj yim ntxoov. Qhov no tej zaum yuav ntau RGB, thaum cov liab, ntsuab thiab xiav yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug muab ntau npaum li cas nyob rau hauv txhua pixel thiab nws mus rau yam xim. Yuav kom npaj layouts feem ntau siv CMYK - module muaj ntawm cyan, magenta, daj thiab dub. NTSHAV - yog "kaj", cov liab-ntsuab thiab xiav-daj; Grayscale - ntxoov gray.
4. Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam khoom yuav kho nyob rau hauv txhua pixel nyob rau cov xim ntawm cov duab. Nyob rau hauv monochrome dluab txhua point nyhav 1 ntsis. Yog hais tias lub pixel 4 ntsis qauv no muaj 16 xim. 8 bpp muab 256 xim, 16 khoom - 65K xim 24 khoom -. 16 lab xim ..
5. Cov nram qab no hom ntawm rasters, nyob ntawm seb pixel array: ib tug ib txwm mesh qauv (nrog shading dots los yog daim phiaj) stokahtichesky leej koom haum tsis, i.e. lub pixels cov txheej txheem across.

bitmap tsis zoo li vector

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus raster hom ntawv yog ib tug vector - ib txoj kev los mus tsim ib tug qauv nyob rau hauv uas lub pixels ntawm - yooj yim geometric duab: voos, ovals, voj voog, cov kab ncaj nraim thiab curves. vector graphics ntaub ntawv muaj lej mis - cov nuj nqis tsis (inch, ntev, dav, sau xim, contour), lawv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub hom ntaub khov heev (X thiab Y-coordinate) thiab txoj hauj lwm txheeb ze rau txhua tus lwm yam. Vector yog nqus ib zoom thiab hloov - cia li hloov tus yam ntxwv ntawm yam khoom. Thaum koj nce los yog yuav txo tau nws cov duab zoo yog tsis hloov. Cov duab vector tsis yog tas rau ib lub keeb kwm yav dhau - lawv yuav muab tso rau hauv txhua lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus thawj ntaub ntawv nyhav considerably tsawg tshaj li tus raster.

Uas muaj coob zoo hais tias qhov no screen yuav tawm tsam vector? Dluab nyob rau hauv hom ntawv no yuav tsis yog yuav hu ua tiag - lawv muaj ib tug me ntsis tas luav-zoo li zaub due rau lub fact uas siv cov khoom xim thiab gradients. Niaj hnub nimno graphics editors - Corel lub kos, raws li tsev av tuav - yuav ua hauj lwm nrog complex teebmeem li duab ntxoov ntxoo, xim blending, blurring, tab sis lub raster duab ua tuition nws yog tseem deb. Lub vector yog npaj layouts rau printing.

raster hom

Raster dluab yuav raug cawm dim nyob rau hauv ntau yam tawm tswv yim, thiab hloov dua siab tshiab yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tsis yog yooj yim - koj yuav tsum qhib cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau tej duab editor, xaiv cov zaub mov yam khoom "Txuag li" thiab cov tsim nyog yuav ncua ntxiv.

GIF - qhov nyuaj hom. Nws txhawb transparency thiab animation los, nyhav me ntsis, tab sis cov xim ntawm nws yog tsawg - 256 xim. Cov GIF yog yooj yim rau khw los, cov kab kos.

PNG siv lossless compression thiab txhawb transparency, ntau npaum li cas xim tshaj GIF.

TIFF yog siv rau cov kev hloov los ntawm raster rau vector, raws li hom ntawv no tsis tshuam cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg nyob rau hauv ib qho.

JPEG - lub feem ntau nrov hom siv rau tseem dluab, luam dluab, web dluab.

Yuav ua li cas hloov los ntawm raster rau vector hom

Yuav tsum tau hloov ib bitmap duab rau hauv ib tug vector tshwm nyob rau hauv lub layout designer ntawm kev siv thiab ua, los yog hais tias koj xav mus ua loj cov duab, hloov nws tsis tau poob zoo. Translations rau hauv vector - tsis yog ib tug tsis tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm, raws li muaj ntau yam duab yees duab los yuav tsis tau ua si. Nrog tsis siv neeg tracing daim duab zoo yog zoo heev txo: cov xim yuav tsum distorted, poob cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab. Qhov no yeej tsim cov khoom los ntawm pawg neeg ntawm cov pixels ntawm zoo xws li cov xim, nyob rau lub contour ntawm lub bitmap. Yog hais tias cov duab no yog txoj, tsim tej khoom yuav ua tau heev npaum li cas, thiab hloov lawv tsis yooj yim. Autorouting yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg kho Corel kos los yog tuav.

zoo duab zoo yuav ua li cas tsuas yog los ntawm cov phau ntawv tracing. Nyob rau hauv no duab designer encircles lub contour thiab lub ntxoov ntxoo los yog lub ntim uas tsim los ntawm superposing daim txawv loj thiab xim rau txhua lwm yam. Qhov yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav ua li no rau ib tug duab ntsiav tshuaj, stylus tracing txoj kab. Manually generated duab vector yeej kim heev thiab co prized.

... thiab vice versa

Rasterization - tus txheej txheem ntawm tracing cov lus rov, thaum ib tug vector kos duab yuav tsum tau txhais nyob rau hauv ib tug raster, piv txwv li, los pab nws uas muaj ntau tshaj photographic ntxaij lim dej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov zoo thaj chaw ntawm lub vector ploj, uas yog, nws yuav tsis yooj yim sua rau scale lub resulting duab tsis tau poob zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ntshaw kom cia tus thawj cov ntaub ntawv rau ntug los yog hloov cov duab, yog hais tias tsim nyog.

Ua ntej hloov lwm lub tsev mus rau lub screen (Hloov mus bitmaps) koj yuav tsum tau teem caij rau nram qab no tsis:

1. Xim - tus xov tooj ntawm cov xim nyob rau hauv daim duab.
2. Dithered - yog hais tias koj qhib cov khoom no xim yuav tsim los ntawm nws.
3. Redolution - kev daws teeb meem.
4. Anti-aliasing - kab los yog cov pob txha lov pib layout yuav smoothed.
5. Trandparent Backgrounf - parameter ua rau cov tom qab pob tshab.
6. Loj - loj.

Yog li ntawd, rau hauv txoj cai txoj hauj lwm nrog rau cov duab koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi raster thiab vector. Raster duab tsim ntawm ib tug plurality ntawm pixels - tsawg tshaj plaws nraaj ntsiab. Raster muaj yeeb yuj, reproduces ntau yees duab los, txawm animation. Txawm li cas los, cov dluab nyuaj rau scale thiab kev hloov. Vector, on qhov tsis tooj, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus hloov los hloov tej duab yam khoom; thaum scaling qhov zoo tseem zoo li qub. Txawm li cas los, tus duab ntxoov ntxoo, plooj, complex gradients thiab blending xim kev nyuaj. Raster duab yuav ua tau txog zaub nyob rau hauv vector hom ntawv, thiab vice versa.