Yuav ua li cas yog napalm? Daim ntawv thov thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm napalm

Qhov ntawd yog napalm, ntau Soviet neeg tsuas kawm nyob rau hauv lub sixties, menyuam TV kev pab them nqi ntawm cov teb chaws Nyab Laj nyiam thab plaub. Txaus ntshai kub hnyiab, raug mob thiab tua cov me nyuam, hlawv zos thiab lub zos tshwm sim los tsis txhaum kev npau taws. Txawm tias ib tug txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv ntawm ib tug deb, ntsia txaus ntshai airstrike. Nyob rau lub zoov nuj txeeg "Phantom" los yog "Skyhawk" kos npe rau ntawm nqe ntaus rog cov hoob kawm, tom tej taw tes rau ntawm nws lub plab cais ib tug loj smoke-zoo li tus tank, zoo ib yam li lub ntxiv roj muaj peev xwm, nws cia li tumbled li ntev raws li tsis kov hauv av, ces tawg, thiab los ntawm nws kis tau ntau tshaj ib tug hiav txwv ntawm hluav taws, los ntawm uas txoj kev cawm seej yog tsis ... Nyob rau hauv kev, napalm - nws yog ib tug txaus ntshai ua tsov rog.

Lub tswv yim thiab kev siv

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov uas koom rau txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm lawv tus kheej zoo, cov neeg qhia ingenuity, kom meej meej tsim nyog zoo daim ntawv thov. Thawj kauj ruam rau kev txhim kho cov efficiency ntawm lub tua neeg, lwm yam tshaj li sai-infantry thiab artillery riam phom, flamethrowers steel, hnab ev ntawv, nyob ruaj ruaj thiab mounted nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tso tsheb hlau luam. Lub tswv yim yog yooj yim: ib tug flammable kua zoo li cov dej los ntawm ib tug hose yuav tsum tau raws kev coj kom tus yeeb ncuab. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yooj yim txaus khiav nkaum nws catch. Firstly, koj yuav tsum tau muaj, thiab tib ob, rau cov nyom hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm extinction. Petrol tag nrho cov zoo, tab sis hlawv tam sim ntawd. Diesel roj teeb hluav taws kub mus sim. Xav tau ib co tshuaj tej ntawd, thaum lub ignition tsis ib tug ntau ntawm tshav kub rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. By 1942, qhov teeb meem no yog nyob rau hauv kev daws tau los ntawm cov kws txawj los ntawm Harvard University, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg ntawm Dr. L. Fieser rau kev txiav txim USACC (Tshuaj Corps ntawm lub US Army). Japanese sai, kom tus tiv thaiv Tinian, peb kawm tau li cas napalm. Txawm li cas los, qhia txog nws yuav tsis yog txhua txhua ntawm lawv.

Cov kev npaj technology

Cov kev siv technology tshiab lub tswv yim yog kom ntxiv mus rau lub ntsiab combustibles cov khoom xyaw retarding combustion, nce lub viscosity thiab txhim khu lub peev xwm los ua raws li. Heev zoo suited rau lub hom phiaj no roj hmab: nws thiab nplaum thiab khov, thiab yaj zoo, thiab kub nyhiab, tab sis painfully kim heev. Ntawm no yog ib tug sib tov ntawm ntsev ntawm palmitic acid thiab nafteinovoy tau zoo heev. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm napalm thiab muab nws lub npe, nws muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ua li cas nrog lub Lavxias teb sab lo lus "tua", thiab yog tsim los ntawm tus thawj tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj additives uas ua rau kev roj av yog npaum li cas deadlier.

Cov tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev loj hlob kev tau los ua ib tug zoo ntawm yeeb tshuaj, nyob rau hauv lub taub hau yog ntau dua los yog tsawg ntom, mus txog rau thaum ib tug jelly zoo li. combustion kub mus txog yim pua degrees Celsius. Tshuaj constituted txog ib feem kaum ntawm tag nrho cov. Nws yog ntse siv nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, nyob rau hauv battles nrog German pab tub rog thiab lawv cov phoojywg, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Pacific ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua hauj lwm tiv thaiv cov Japanese.

Yuav ua li cas yog "Napalm-B"

Progress tsis tau nres, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm txoj kev puas tsuaj. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv thiab cov tshuaj ... Tab sis tam sim no tsis yog hais txog ntawd.

By pib ntawm lub Korean ua tsov ua rog, nyob tus yeees ntawm napalm twb supplemented nrog tshiab Cheebtsam, zoo heev kev txhim kho nws efficiency. Firstly, zoo tshuaj stability raws li qhov ntev cia, tshem tawm cov tseem lub nras fractions. Secondly, hlawv nws los ua zog npaum li cas thiab kub tshaj (mus txog 1500 ° C). Thiab thib peb, lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - qhov no cov khoom no yog tau los lo rau txhua yam. Yog hais tias ib tug kwv ncuav dej los yog sprinkled nrog daus, nws yog txawm zoo (uas yog, lub zuj zus rau tus kwv). Muaj pes tsawg leeg napalm xws li alkali hlau, uas yog lub npe hu los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Science News for KIDS cov hoob kawm, thaum dej tsuas tawg. Raws li ib tug thickener nyob rau hauv "napalm-B" siv li ib txwm polystyrene yaj nyob rau hauv benzene. No tag nrho ntuj raug txim ntawm ib tug mix nrog cov sodium los yog poov tshuaj yog ntxiv rau roj av, do, thiab koj nyob nraum ua li cas. Burns txawm hlau. Los ntawm txoj kev, thiab pheej yig.

Txiav txim siab zoo thiab txiav npluav

Tawm tsam thiaj li hu ua Vietcong (National Liberation Front), cov US Army tau siv yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm nws cov arsenal, nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm riam phom uas huab hwm coj puas tsuaj. Txawm li cas los, kev paub thiab kev to taub dab tsi napalm, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau muab lub tswv yim tias tej zaum nws yuav zoo yuav ntaus nqi mus rau pawg no. Rau cov teeb meem no heev tsis muaj ab tsi seb nws daim ntawv thov tsam ib puas, ib txhiab los yog ntau tshaj nyob beings, nws yuav hlawv tag nrho uas poob. Nws yog vim li no nyob rau hauv 1980, lub convention tau pom zoo los ntawm lub UN, uas txwv tsis pub napalm. Kev siv cov caws nplaum riam phom mas suav hais tias ua loj leeb txoj kev ua rog. Tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua heeded lub suab yau yau ntawm yog vim li cas. Tab sis rau no nws yuav tsum tau xwb los qhia nws tus kheej los yog ib tug neeg ntawm nws tsev neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug da dej ntawm napalm. Tej zaum tsis muaj txaus lub tswv yim rau tag nrho cov ...

Tom qab 1980

Convention rau ban siv napalm coj 99 lub xeev ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub UN. Ntawm lawv yog cov zog ntawm Guj kuj (ces tus RSFSR) thiab Ukraine (cov Ukraine), Belarus (BSSR) thiab tag nrho cov ntawm cov teb chaws Europe (San Marino thiab Andorra muaj tsis muaj cov tub rog, li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tuag txhais tau tias kev txwv tsis koom). Lub teb chaws yog nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm kev tsov kev rog los yog tos nws los ntawm kos npe rau los yog ratifying abstained. Ntawm lawv, hauv lub tebchaws United States, cov Yixayee, Qaib ntxhw, lub koom pheej ntawm Kauslim Teb, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Sudan, Nigeria thiab lwm tus neeg. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union plaub qub republics (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan thiab Kazakhstan), dhau lawm, tsis tau tuaj koom lub Convention (peb raws tu qauv).

Siv napalm Salvadoran Army (Civil War, 1984), Argentina (Falklands, 1982), Iraq (tawm tsam cov rog ntawm Iran, 1980), raws li zoo raws li teb chaws Aas Kiv thiab lub tebchaws United States (thaum lub sij hawm "lag luam suab puam Cua daj" nyob rau hauv 1991). Raws li feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tsov rog, ntaus tsis yeej ib txwm muaj tseeb txaus, yuav ua kev txom nyem civilians.

lwm napalm

Nrhiav ib tug muaj kev vam meej hom khoom manufacturers tej zaum siv cov lus uas yog paub zoo tias mus inhabitants, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv ntsiab lus teb. Piv txwv li, ib tug neeg sawv cev rau kev tswj kab laum ib zaug hu ua "Koba" (tog npe I. V. Stalina), xa, obviously, nws ruthlessness mus rau yeeb ncuab. Cov lwm nrws ntawm tsev neeg tej tshuaj chemicals thiaj yuav ntes tau thiab "Napalm" nroj. Nws yog ib, yog tias koj ntseeg hais tias lub advertising annotation zoo herbicide, ib tug tiag tiag godsend rau tus tswv teb thiab tswv ntawm lub caij ntuj sov cottages. Nws lub ntsiab kom zoo dua, raws li nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no napalm yog ib tug khoom yam khoom uas yog muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab kuj mus nag lossis daus. Yuav ua li cas koom yog ib lub npe? Hais txog yuav ua li cas los txiav txim cov kev pab. Tej zaum tsis yog txhua txhua yuav tsum nco ntsoov lub teb chaws Nyab Laj ua tsov ua rog.