Zog metabolism

Metabolism hauv - yog ib tug tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev tseem ceeb heev functions. Nws muaj ob peb dab. Zog metabolism yuav cleavage ntawm organic tshuaj thiab tshuaj tebchaw tso tawm zog thiab kev sib txuas. Nws yog sau tseg hais tias nws ntxiv qee yog ua tej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tshav kub. Lwm feem yog tshwj tseg rau ATP molecules.

Cov qib zog metabolism hauv cov tsiaj

Tus thawj theem - kev npaj. Zog metabolism pib nrog cov zaub mov nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev los yog tsiaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov complex macromolecular ntsiab. Ua ntej penetrate, yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov uas tsis muaj molecular yuag tebchaw mus ntaub so ntswg thiab hlwb.

Hydrolytic cleavage ntawm cov organic tshuaj yog nqa tawm nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov dej. Qhov no txoj kev yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv (multicellular), thaum lub cellular theem (nyob rau hauv lysosomes) nyob rau hauv lub digestive vacuoles (unicellular) nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tej yam enzymes.

Cov nqaijrog nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj raug tawg cia nyob rau hauv lub plab thiab duodenum rau cov amino acids. Qhov no txoj kev yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tus ntawm peptidgidrolaz (chymotrypsin, trypsin, pepsin). Txawm nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav pib cov txheej txheem ntawm splitting polysaccharides. Qhov no enzyme yog muab kev koom tes ptyalin. Ntxiv cleavage ntawm polysaccharides tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm amylase nyob rau hauv lub duodenum. Ntawm no los txog lub neej puas ntawm cov nqaijrog. Qhov no txoj kev muaj feem xyuam rau cov lipase. Lub zog uas yog tso tawm ces faib nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tshav kub.

Zog metabolism yuav tus me nyuam kev noj haus yam nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntshav, thiab tsheb thauj mus los ntawm tag nrho cov hlwb thiab kabmob. Nyob rau hauv lub hlwb lawv nkag mus ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub cytoplasm los yog ib tug lysosome. Yog hais tias tshuaj yog lawm nyob rau hauv lysosomes cellular theem, lawv tam sim ntawd xa mus rau hauv lub cytoplasm. Qhov no kauj ruam yuav qhov kev npaj ntawm lub tebchaw mus rau lub intracellular degradation.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob theem zog metabolism nruab nrab anoxic oxidation. Dab li tshwm sim tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov pa, thaum ib tug cellular theem. Oxidation yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub cell cytoplasm. Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej lub zog pauv, yog qabzib. Lwm yam organic compound (amino acid, glycerol, fatty acids) yog muaj nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm transformation nyob rau hauv ntau theem.

Lub splitting ntawm zib uas tsis muaj oxygen yog hu ua glycolysis. Qhov no compound undergoes ob peb successive transformations. Thawj, muaj yog nws hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv fructose. Qabzib fosfoliruetsya - tshuab txais los ntawm ob molecules ntawm ATP, xa mus rau hauv fructose-diphosphate. Daim teb no decays carbon hexahydric molecule rau hauv ob peb carbon molecules glycerophosphate. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ob peb tshua ntawm lub oxidation no tshwm sim. Yog li molecules poob ob hydrogen atoms, tig nws thiaj li mus ua ib tug qauv ntawm pyruvic acid. Cov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj yog tsim plaub molecules ntawm ATP. Raws li rau thawj zaug ua kom cov ob zib molecules ntawm ATP siv, nyob rau hauv kev 2ATF nws thiaj li tsim. Tso tawm, yog li nyob rau hauv lub disintegration ntawm zib zog yog cov reserved thiab ib nrab tso rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tshav kub.

Thaum lub thib peb theem, lub ua pa (lom oxidation). Kauj ruam no yog tsuas tau nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov pa. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nws yog hu ua pa. Qhov no txoj kev yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub mitochondria.

Nyob rau hauv nqe lus dav dav (ntsiab) pauv cov nqi zog (on nruab nrab) rau ib tug neeg laus yog hais txog 24 kcal / kg / hnub. Nyob rau hauv kev xam xyuas cov nruab nrab tus neeg nyob rau txhua hnub tau ntawm 1500 kcal rau cov poj niam thiab txog 1700 kcal rau cov txiv neej. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob nrog ib tug sib txawv profile pathology zog thov ib hnub twg yuav sawv ntawm ob mus rau peb lub sij hawm.