Calcium oxide. Lub cev, thermal thiab tshuaj zog. Daim ntawv thov.

Calcium oxide - ib tug dawb crystalline compound. Lwm yam lub npe rau qhov no substance - quicklime, calcium oxide, "Killer Bee", "quicklime". Calcium oxide uas nws mis Cao, thiab nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom nrog (H2O) dej - Ca (OH) 2 ( "pushonka" los yog slaked txiv qaub) tau pom ntau daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub tsev lag luam.

Yuav ua li cas kom tau calcium oxide?

1. Muaj cov txheej txheem rau qhov kev npaj ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog nyob rau hauv thermal (nyob rau hauv tshav kub) expansion ntawm lub limestone (calcium carbonate) :

CaCO3 (limestone) = Cao (calcium oxide) + CO2 (carbon dioxide)

2. Calcium oxide tej zaum kuj yuav npaj los ntawm reacting yooj yim tshuaj:

2Ca (calcium) + O2 (oxygen) = 2CaO (calcium oxide)

3. Ib tug thib peb txoj kev ua calcium oxide yog thermal decomposition ntawm calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2) thiab calcium ntsev ntawm ob peb cov pa uas muaj acids:

2Ca (NO3) 2 (calcium nitrate) = 2CaO (derived tshuaj) + 4NO2 (nitrogen oxide) + O2 (oxygen)

Lub cev thaj chaw ntawm poov hlau oxide

1. Tsos: crystalline compound ntawm dawb xim. Ntaus crystallized sodium tshuaj dawb (NaCl) nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag lub nyhav siv lead ua ntxaij ntoo.

2. hniav puas loj ntawm 55,07 grams / tus nas.

3. Lub ceev 3.3 g / santimetr³.

Thermal thaj chaw ntawm poov hlau oxide

1. Lub melting kub yog 2570 degrees

2. Lub ib kub npau npau taw tes ntawm 2850 degrees

3. Cov hniav puas tshav kub muaj peev xwm (ntawm standard tej yam kev mob) yog 42,06 J / (mol · K)

4. Cov enthalpy ntawm tsim (nyob rau hauv tus qauv tej yam kev mob) ntawm -635 kJ / mol

Cov tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm poov hlau oxide

Calcium oxide (Cao mis) - yog ib tug yooj yim oxide. Yog li ntawd, nws tau:

- soluble nyob rau hauv dej (H2O) nrog kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog. Qhov no ntaub ntawv calcium hydroxide. Qhov no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li nram no:

Cao (calcium oxide) + H2O (dej) = Ca (OH) 2 (calcium hydroxide) + 63.7 kJ / mol;

- hnov mob nrog acids thiab acid oxides. Nyob rau hauv no rau ntsev. Ntawm no yog ib co piv txwv ntawm kev tshua:

Cao (calcium oxide) + SO2 (leej faj dioxide) = CaSO3 (calcium sulfite)

Cao (calcium oxide) + 2HCl (hydrochloric acid) = CaCl2 (calcium chloride) + H2O (dej).

Kev siv cov calcium oxide:

1. Lub ntsiab tagnrho ua ntej peb tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm silica cib nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Yav tas los, burnt txiv qaub yog siv raws li txiv qaub xis mas. Nws twb npaj los ntawm nws nws nrog cov dej (H2O). Cov uas ua calcium oxide yog dhau mus rau hauv lub hydroxide uas ces, los ntawm absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), mas tawv, xa mus rau hauv calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Dua li ntawm qhov uas tsis muaj nqi ntawm cov qauv no, tam sim no MAAs txiv qaub yog yuav luag yeej tsis siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, raws li nws muaj lub peev xwm los nqus thiab zoo noog ib cov kua.

2. Raws li calcia refractory khoom haum raws li ib tug pheej yig thiab npaj meej muaj nyob khoom. Fused calcium oxide muaj ib tug tsis kam rau dej (H2O), hom phiaj rau nws siv raws li ib tug refractory, qhov twg siv cov kim ntaub ntawv tsis tau yus.

3. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam ntawm Thawj Tswj Tsev Kawm siv cov calcium oxide rau kom qhuav tshuaj uas tsis hnov mob nrog nws.

4. Nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam tus yam khoom uas yog sau npe ua ib tug khoom noj khoom haus additive nyob rau hauv E 529. los yog siv raws li ib tug emulsifier rau lub creation ntawm ib tug homogeneous sib tov uas tsis yog-miscible nrog txhua lwm yam - dej, roj thiab roj.

5. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam calcium oxide yog siv los tshem tawm leej faj dioxide (SO2) los ntawm flue roj cua. Siv yog feem ntau 15% dej tshuaj. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv uas INTERACTIONS hydrated txiv qaub thiab leej faj dioxide, gypsum tau CaCO4 thiab CaCO3. Nyob rau hauv lub thwmsim, soj ntsuam nrhiav qhia nyob rau hauv 98% otchistki pa luam yeeb ntawm cov leej faj dioxide.

6. Siv nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb "samogreyuscheysya" tais diav. Txog ntsha nrog ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm calcium oxide yog pov tseg ntawm ob phab ntsa ntawm lub nkoj qab thus. Thaum tho lub capsule nyob rau hauv cov dej tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav pib nrog qhov kev tso tawm ntawm ib co thaum tshav kub kub.