Cov chav kawm ntawm inorganic tebchaw

Zajlus kom continuation ntawm lub periodic txoj cai yog lub cais ntawm inorganic tebchaw. Raws li cov kev faib ntawm lub ntsiab lawv tus kheej, cais tshuaj tebchaw visually reflected nyob rau hauv lub periodic system thiab yog, yog li ntawd, ib tug uas tsim nyog thiab cov hom phiaj EBP.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj cov chav kawm ntawm inorganic tebchaw: ntsev, oxides, acids, bases (hydroxides).

Ib suam ntawm tshuaj zoo heev tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Heev tsuas tuab lub zog ntawm ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov sib txawv kawm ntawv, yog tias koj paub cov raug tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm lub analyzed chav kawm ntawv.

Cov chav kawm ntawm inorganic tebchaw: oxides

Oxides - tebchaw hais nrog oxygenic, nyob rau hauv uas lub caij nyoog kawg no yog txuas mus rau ib tug atom ntawm lub caij. Zoo tag nrho cov ntsiab tsuas yog rau peb inert - Argon, Helium, Neon - daim ntawv oxides.

Cov chav kawm ntawm inorganic tebchaw: oxides hydrates

Feem coob ntawm cov oxides ncaj qha los yog ncaj nraim nrog dej rau tebchaw uas yog hu ua hydrates oxides los yog hydroxides. Gidrokisida muaj pes tsawg leeg qhia los ntawm cov kev mis E (OH) x, wherein E - ib tug caij uas tas ib hydroxide, x - qhia cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm oxidation nyob rau hauv ib tug duas oxide.

Nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj xwm ntawm lub caij hydroxides muab faib mus rau hauv hydrates yooj yim oxides (puag), amphoteric oxide hydrates (hydroxides ntawm amphoteric), hydrates, acid oxides (acid). Hydroxide teej tug mus rau ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm tebchaw txhais chaw tso kawm caij nyob rau hauv lub periodic system, uas ua rau tus kwv tij kuj muaj kev sib txuas ntawm lub caij thiab oxygenic - nyob rau hauv ib txhais tes thiab ntawm oxygenic hydrogenous thiab - nyob rau lwm yam.

Cov chav kawm ntawm inorganic tebchaw: acids

Lub acids muaj xws li tshuaj tebchaw uas muaj xws li ob peb Hydrogen atoms uas yog peev xwm yuav moog tsim hlau salts. Group atoms uas nyob twj ywm tom qab cleavage los ntawm acid molecule Hydrogen atoms xa acid residue.

Cov chav kawm ntawm inorganic tebchaw: ntsev

Ntsev ntawm cov khoom tau li ib feem los sis tag nrho hloov Hydrogen atoms rau hlau atoms los yog OH pawg bases nyob rau acidic residues. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub Hydrogen nyob rau hauv acids yuav tsum tau hloov, tsis tsuas hlau, tab sis tseem muaj lwm pab pawg ntawm cov atoms uas muaj ib tug zoo xwb (cations). Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub ntsev yog sib cais mus rau hauv lub nram qab no: acidic, yooj yim, medium, complex.

Txhais hais tias (qub) ntsev tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho hloov acids Hydrogen atoms ntawm cov hlau (ntawv), los yog hydroxyl pawg neeg nyob rau acidic residues thaj av. Cov oxidation lub xeev ntawm cov hlau xwb thiab cov acid moiety yuav tsum paub nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau kom raug tsim mis nruab nrab ntsev. Lawv tuaj koom ua ke nyob rau hauv xws proportions uas lub ntsev yog electrically nruab nrab.

Cov acid ntsev tau ua los ntawm ib nrab hloov ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv lub hydrogel acids rau hlau. Cov acid ntsev yog tsim tsuas polybasic acid. Tus txheej txheem ntawm acid ntsev ntawm mis yog xws li Ntsev nruab nrab: determined cationic xwb thiab ib qho acid residue, thiab tus hais yog koom ua ke nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio uas tsis ua txhaum tus cai hais txog electroneutrality molecules.

Basic ntsev tau ua los ntawm ib nrab hloov ntawm lub OH pawg ntawm bases los yog hydroxides ntawm amphoteric rau acid residues. Formula yooj yim ntsev muaj residues mnogokislotnyh bases los yog amphoteric hydroxides uas yog cov poob hydroxyl pawg, thiab acid residues. Raws li nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov versions yav dhau los yuav tsum nco ntsoov ua raws li cov ntsiab cai ntawm hluav taws xob neutrality.