Alexander Zholkovsky: nws lub neej thiab tej hauj lwm

Linguist, txawj sau ntawv, kev sau ntawv critic Alexander Zholkovsky nyob rau hauv Russia hnub no yog feem ntau paub xwb los nqaim tshwj xeeb. Txawm tias nws scientific cov tswv yim yog tseem nquag tsim thiab striking brightness thiab freshness. Peb qhia txog yuav ua li cas muaj lub neej ntawm no nthuav txiv neej, thiab nws muaj tswv yim txoj kev.

Childhood thiab lub hauv paus pib

Yug neej yav tom ntej tus paub txog Alexander Zholkovsky Cuaj hlis 8, 1937 nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv ib tug heev interesting tsev neeg. Nws niam Deborah Semenovna Rybakova twb paub musicologist, Ph.D., uas nws tau qhia suab paj nruag keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub Moscow Conservatory and Music College. Leej Txiv Constantine Zholkovsky Platonovich tuag thaum koom nyob rau hauv luam dej kayaking rau tus Dawb hiav txwv, thaum nws tus tub yog ib tug ob peb lub hlis. Alyx txiv (yog li ntawd txhua yam yog tseem hu ua Zholkovsky) hloov lub ob tus txiv ntawm kuv niam, Lev Abramovich Mazel - nto moo Soviet musicologist, xib fwb nyob rau hauv lub Moscow Conservatory. Thaum lub sij hawm tsov ua rog, tus tub hluas yog nrog nws niam nws txiv evacuated mus Sverdlovsk. Tab sis pog thiab niam yawm txiv, uas nyob rau hauv Kiev, ntaus cov German txoj hauj lwm thiab tuag nyob rau hauv Babi Yar.

tsim

Nyob rau hauv 1944 lub tsev neeg rov qab mus rau Moscow, thiab Alexander Zholkovsky mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv tus naj npawb 50, qhov uas nws kawm tiav nrog rau honors nyob rau hauv 1954. Qhov no tso cai rau nws tsis muaj kev soj ntsuam, tab sis tsuas yog rau cov kev sib tham mus kawm ntawv qib siab. Nws xaiv rau koj prestigious kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philology, Romance-Germanic ceg ntawm Moscow State University. M. Lomonosov. Nws tus nplaig yog English specialization. Tub Ntxhais Kawm Ntawv Zholkovsky yog ib tug mob siab, kawm tau zoo, tab sis ideologically heev free. Thaum lub sij hawm uas thaum kawg lub xyoo nws yog vim tus Komsomol lub rooj sib tham thiab tau txais ib lus txwv, hais tias thaum lub sij hawm nws muab kaw cia nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm tej yam ntau los yog tsawg dua dlej tsev noj mov.

Kev Soviet paub txog

Tom qab kawm tiav, Alexander Zholkovsky, ua tsaug rau lub intercession thiab kev coj ntawm tus xib fwb, ib tug hwm tus paub txog Vyacheslava Vsevolodovicha Ivanova, tuaj koom lub laboratory ntawm lub tshuab txhais lus ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Txawv Teb Chaws lus. Thorez. Nws yog tus tsuas yog scientific lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas tsis yog ntshai mus coj ib tug dawb-txawj xav. Nws pib nrog ib tug senior engineer, ces ua ib tug junior kev tshawb fawb pab thiab tom qab sawv mus rau senior neeg soj ntsuam. Zholkovsky koom nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv semantics, thiab nws cov khoom tau pom ib tug zoo heev linguist Igor Aleksandrovich Melchuk. Nws caw cov tub ntxhais paub txog nyob rau hauv nws ua hauj lwm pab pawg neeg, uas ces tsim cov kev tshawb xav ntawm "ntawv nyeem-lub ntsiab lus" lees paub tias tom qab ntawd yuav luag revolutionary. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev koom tes pom lub teeb ntawm ob peb cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub lexical nta thiab sim piav combinatorial phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus. Tsim cov kev tshawb xav ntawm pawg nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union tsis tsim, phau ntawv txhais lus twb luam tawm xwb nyob rau hauv lub 80s nyob rau hauv Vienna, tom qab Melchuk emigrated. Lub kuaj ces yog ib tug tiag tiag pab Freethinkers, rau li cas, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, txhua yam yog cuam tshuam.

Nyob rau hauv 1974, nws tau raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawm Zholkovsky MGPI. Qhov no yog vim hais tias tom qab lub ntiab tawm ntawm Solzhenitsyn txoj hauj lwm freethinking intellectuals heev nyuab, pib ib tug tiag tiag cleansing ntawm scientific tsev. Alexander NW nyuam qhuav muaj kev tswj kom tau ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau lub koom haum "Informelectro" nyob qhov twg cov pab pawg neeg ua hauj lwm Yu Apresian nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm mas tus thawj coj S. G. Malinina. Cov pab pawg neeg tsim ib tug qauv thiab ua hauj lwm Mel'chukov tshuab txhais lus. Niaj hnub no, cov ua hauj lwm ntawm no pab pawg neeg muaj tau lug paub thiab nquag luam tawm thoob ntiaj teb.

thesis

Nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog tus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg Mel'chukov Alexander Zholkovsky kawm nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv kawm tiav ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Oriental lus ntawm Moscow State University. Lub ntsiab ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog ib tug kab txawv cov lus Somali. Nyob rau hauv 1968, lub tswv yim sib cav tiav lawm, Alec twb xa paub daws teeb, tab sis tswj ntawm lub koom haum pib los thuam thuam tus tiv thaiv. Yog vim li cas rau cov uas - Zholkovsky kos npe rau ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv them nyiaj yug ntawm puas tau raug ntes dissidents thiab Ginzburg Galanskov liam ntawm kev tsim thiab faib samizdat. Lub koom haum tau rho los ntawm cov dissertation council lus teb rau cov post-graduate Zholkovsky. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1968 nws tshwm sim rau lub Soviet ntxeem tau ntawm Czechoslovakia, thiab Alex yog dua los nyob hauv cov neeg tawm tsam. MGPI tswj txiav txim siab los tso dissident thiab tsis txhob muab nws tiv thaiv. Tab sis nws tiv thaiv tau tus tawm ntawm pej xeem hauv tsev, uas yog tab txhawb Zholkovsky. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm xyoo 1969 nws muaj peev xwm mus brilliantly dhau kev tiv thaiv txoj kev, thiab tom qab ntawd tau pom zoo los ntawm lub WAC. Qhov ntawd yog tus tsuas yog dissident humanist kev vam meej tiv thaiv.

xyoo ntawm exile

Independent thiab ntse Aleksandr Zholkovsky, uas nws biography yog txuas tsis tau tsuas yog rau science tab sis kuj mus rau lub sib ntaus, kuv yuav tsis haum rau hauv lub Soviet kev muaj tiag, thiab nyob rau hauv 1979 emigrated - thawj rau Vienna thiab ces nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, qhov uas nws tau nyob puas tau txij li thaum. Rau ob peb lub xyoo nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawm Cornell University, thiab txij li thaum 1983 - nyob rau ntawm University of Southern California. Maj mam Alexander Zholkovsky, uas nws yees duab yog nyob rau hauv tej lus encyclopedia, txav deb ntawm txhav structuralism pib sau ib phau ntawv hais txog koj Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv, yog tseem siv nyob rau hauv lub tsab ntawv, novellistka.

cov phau ntawv

Kws ntawv Alexander Zholkovsky, uas nws phau ntawv niaj hnub no muaj ib tug ruaj khov vajvoog ntawm admirers, tau sau ntau tshaj 30 scientific tej hauj lwm thiab memoirs, raws li zoo raws li ze li ntawm 400 khoom. Cov feem nrov ntawm cov pej xeem tau txais nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub invention ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem unfabled prose. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub cov phau ntawv yog Zholkovsky "hnub qub thiab ib tug me ntsis nervously," "muaj qab hau thiab lwm yam vignettes ntawm perfection", "Pasternak Poetics", "Mikhail Zoshchenko. Poetics ntawm mistrust. "