Alfred Garrievich Shnitke: biography, creativity

Alfred Schnittke, biography thiab creativity uas yuav tsum tau piav nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, tsis yog ib tug zoo kawg composer, tab sis kuj yog ib tug musicologist thiab kws qhia ntawv. Qhov no zoo kawg txiv neej tau sab laug yog ib tug zoo cim rau keeb kwm, raws li nws tsim yaam tshab yog tseem ciaj sia.

thaum yau

Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab composer yog Alfred Garrievich Shnitke. Nws biography kawm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov suab paj nruag lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv 1934 nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Engels nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm cov Volga Germans. Tsis tas li ntawd kuv tau Jewish cov hauv paus hniav. Lub txiv ntawm cov composer tau yug los nyob rau hauv Frankfurt am Main. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13, tus tub hluas tsiv nrog nws niam nws txiv mus Moscow. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16, nws rov hloov nws chaw nyob thiab tsiv mus rau Pokrovsky, qhov uas nws pib ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug journalist. Nws niam nws txiv tseem nyob rau hauv lub capital.

lub composer niam, Mary losifovna Vogel, yug nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Kamenka. Nws niam nws txiv twb colonists, neeg txawv teb chaws los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog, lub neej yav tom ntej composer txiv tau raug hu mus rau pem hauv ntej. Alfred thiab nws tus kwv raug xa mus rau Moscow mus rau lub pog thiab yawg. Leej niam thiab ib tug tshuab raj txiv hais lus rau txhua tus lwm yam nyob rau hauv German. Cov me nyuam xub kawm nws. Tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv pib tham nrog nws niam nyob rau hauv German, tab sis nrog nws txiv nyob rau Lavxias teb sab. Music ntawm Alfred Schnittke pib nyob rau hauv 11 lub xyoos.

Lub tom ntej txoj hmoo

Tom qab tsov rog, lub neej yav tom ntej composer thiab nws tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Vienna. Nws txiv tau xa mus rau cov kev pab cuam. Nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv 1946, Alfred Schnittke pib nws cov suab paj nruas kev kawm ntawv. Ob xyoos tom qab tsev neeg rov qab mus rau Russia. Lawv tsawm nyob rau hauv lub suburbs. Nyob rau hauv 1958, Schnittke kawm tiav los ntawm lub Conservatory nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg cov chav kawm ntawv, thiab tsis ntev kawm tiav. Nyob rau hauv 1961 nws pib qhia. Nyob rau hauv lub 70 xyoo nws cov ntsiab khwv tau los twb sau ntawv music rau films.

Nyob rau hauv 1990, Alfred Garrievich nrog nws tus poj niam thiab tus tub mus lub teb chaws Yelemees. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm nws lub neej lub composer tsis muaj tswv yim ua si, txawm lub fact tias raug kev txom nyem peb strokes. Nws qhia, sau cov suab paj nruag. Alfred Schnittke tuag nyob rau hauv Hamburg, Lub yim hli ntuj 3, 1998. Nws raug faus nyob rau hauv Moscow. Lub composer twb muab tsub lub nqi zog thiab lub npe ntawm "honored Artist ntawm lub RSFSR". Hais txog nws, ob peb documentaries tau cia. Suab paj nruag los Alfred Schnittke yog yus muaj los ntawm kev paub qhia lo, teev, complexity.

tsev neeg

Qhov zoo composer Alfred Schnittke biography yuav tsis tau ua kom tiav yog hais tias nws twb tsis yog rau zaj dab neeg ntawm nws tsev neeg. Alfred Garrievich twb sib yuav ob zaug. Nws thawj thawj tus poj niam yog Galina Koltsov. Nrog nws, cov composer tsis nyob ntev. Qhov thib ob tus poj niam ntawm Alfred Schnittke yog tus pianist Irina Kataeva. Lawv tau sib yuav nrog nws composer tub Andrew. Plaug lub neej yav tom ntej txij nkawm coj qhov chaw thaum kuv yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Alfred Irene Garrievich. Lawv kev sib yuav yog ib tug zoo siab ib. Nrog Irina K. Schnittke nyob kom txog rau thaum nws tuag.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws tej hauj lwm

Composer Shnitke A. G. tau sau ib tug zoo tus naj npawb ntawm tej hauj lwm, cov uas yog symphonic, chamber, theem, lub suab qw, suab thiab instrumental.

Daim ntawv teev cov feem ntau xav tau tej hauj lwm:

• Opera "Lub neej nrog ib tug ruam".
• Tus neeg dhia tes "Peer Gynt".
• Opera "Gesualdo".
• Theem muaj pes tsawg leeg "Daj suab".
• Choreographic fantasy "sketches".
• Opera "Lub Eleventh Lo lus txib".
• "Labyrinths" tus neeg dhia tes.

lwm masterpieces

Alfred Schnittke, uas nws biography yog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm no tus sau hauv qab no tej hauj lwm:

• Symphony.
• Pianissimo.
• Gogol Suite.
• "Ritual".
• Sonata rau violin thiab chamber orchestra.
• Suite rau cov laus Style.
• "Cov suab lus nws ntawm cov xwm" (a ua hauj lwm rau cov poj niam lub suab thiab vibraphone).
• Peb Madrigals.
• Oratorio "Nagasaki".
• "Phau Ntawv tu siab" (kev hais kwv txhiaj rau chorus).
• Gala ntug.
• Peb daim rau Harpsichord.

Tsis tas li ntawd composer tsim ntau tshaj ib tug hais kwv txhiaj. Schnittke sau lawv rau txawv seev thiab orchestras.

Concerts ntawm lub composer:

• Rau piano thiab orchestra.
• Rau oboe, harp thiab cov hlua.
• Rau nkauj laus ncas thiab orchestra.
• Concerto Grosso: № 1, № 2, № 3, № 4, № 5, № 6.
• Rau Viola thiab Orchestra.

Thiab ntau lwm tej hauj lwm.

Music thiab tsos

Music Shnitke A. G. suab nyob rau hauv ntau Soviet films tua nyob rau hauv lub 60-90 xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.

Cov no duab:

• "Lub Belarusian Railway chaw nres tsheb".
• "Hu rau hluav taws kub nws tus kheej."
• "Khob Harmonica".
• "Kub Daus".
• "Las voos nyob rau hauv lub nkoj."
• "Caij nplooj zeeg".
• "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi".
• "Yuav ua li cas Czar Peter lub Great txij nkawm tawm Nws moor."
• "Lub Neeg coob".
• "Lub taleas ntawm Mus ncig teb chaws".
• "Ib tug nyiam ntawm cov pej xeem."
• "Ward Number Rau".
• "Xib Hwb thiab Margarita".

Thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

Lus dab neeg uas cov hau kev

Nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntiaj teb no, muaj ib tug superstition txog cov foom phem ntawm lub cuaj symphony. Nws pib rov qab nrog L. V. Bethovena. Yog ib tug kos npe rau tias tag nrho cov composers tuag sai sai tom qab sau ib symphony rau cuaj lub chav. Qhov no prejudice yog rho nrog Mahler. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias nws yog thawj pom ib tug kos npe rau. Piv txwv li, LV Beethoven tuag thaum nws ua hauj lwm rau kev sau ntawv nws cuaj symphony. Lwm yam composers uas tau raug kev txom nyem no foom: A. Bruckner, Dvorak, Schubert, M. Arnold, A. Glazunov, Kurt Atterberg, Egon Welles, thiab lwm tus neeg.

Yog, nws yeej LV Beethoven tuag thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Vajtswv txoj hau kev №9. Tab sis koj tsis tau, raws li muaj ntau yam kev soj ntsuam xav hais tias A. Bruckner raug kev txom nyem tib txoj hmoo. Vim tias symphony, uas nws tau teev tseg rau tus xov tooj cuaj, yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hauv lub thib kaum. Qhov no composer muaj ntau txoj hau kev tseem, uas yog hu ua zero. Sam A. Bruckner tsis suav nws, vim hais tias kuv xav tias nws tsuas kawm kev thiab yog tsis suav nrog lwm tus, tab sis nws lub neej yuav hloov tsis tau mus rau hauv tus account.

Gustav Mahler kuj tsis pom zoo nrog rau qhov no thiab pom nws raws li ib yam dab tsi mystical thiab otherworldly. Thaum ua hauj lwm rau lub cuaj hau kev, nws txiav txim siab los circumvent no foom tsis zoo. By lub sij hawm nws tau sau ib tug "Song ntawm lub ntiaj teb" thiab hu ua nws ib tug symphony. Yog li ntawd nws tshwm sim hais tias cuaj ntawm cov hauj lwm twb tau sau, thiab nws tau ua hauj lwm rau ntau tshaj ib tug kaum. Lub composer txiav txim siab mus dag hmoo. Nws muaj kev tswj kom tas nws symphony №9. Tab sis, thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum nws tuag.

Franz Schubert tau sau cuaj symphonies. Tab sis ob ntawm lawv twb tsis tiav. Dvorak kuj sau tau cuaj symphonies. Tab sis ib tug thawj sau los ntawm nws thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej twb tsis tau, raws li lawv yuav muab xam poob. Los ntawm no qauv yog tsis ploj mus thiab A. G. Shnitke. Nws muaj cuaj symphonies raws nraim. Thiab kawg kuv sau cia li ua ntej nws tuag. Thaum qhov kev thov ntawm tus poj ntsuam ntawm lub composer Nikolai Korndorf koom nyob rau hauv recreating nws. Thaum lub sij hawm no ua hauj lwm, nws tuag. Alexander tas nws twb Raskatov.

Tab sis txog thaum tam sim no, tsis tau muaj pov thawj hais tias mus rau phenomenon yuav tsum yeej tau kho raws li ib tug foom, thiab tsis yog raws li ib tug coincidence. Muaj coob tus xws composers thiab leej twg sau tau ntau tshaj cuaj symphony (10, 12, 17, 27 thiab txawm 67). Cov lawv: .. A. Pettersson, Eduard Tubin, N. Myaskovsky, D. Pob zeb diamond, G. Cowell, E. Rabbra A. Hovaness, M. Weinberg, thiab lwm yam Nikita Bogoslovsky sau 8 symphonies. Yim, nws muab lub npe ntawm "Xeem". Thiab feem ntau ntawm cov tej hauj lwm ntawm daim ntawv no yog tsis muab tso rau. Lub composer yog kev mob siab los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nws hais tias txhua yam kuv xav nyob rau hauv lub symphonic ib hom ntawv nyeem. Tab sis muaj ntau yam tau sib cav hais tias nws ntshai tsam ntawm lub foom. Txawm tias tom qab cov ntawv ntawm lub yim symphony composer nres composing thiab hu nkauj.