Antagonism: dab tsi yog nws? Pawg kawm kev ua ywj pheej raws li lub subtype ntawm kev sib raug zoo

Lo lus "antagonist" feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm ntau cov yeeb yam thiab cov koob. Nws yog to taub raws li ib tug tsis zoo ua cim - ib tug uas yog feem ntau yog lub cim tseem ceeb yog sib ntaus sib tua. Tab sis qhov no txhais yog los ze zog mus rau lub loj xov xwm thiab kab lis kev cai. Lawm, hauv kev qhuab qhia scientific nws raug kho zoo. Antagonism - dab tsi yog nws? Nws yog lo lus teb rau lo lus nug no uas tau los ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tsab xov xwm no.

Terminology

Synonym ntawm antagonism feem ntau suav hais tias yog ib qho contradiction. Qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb, vim hais tias lub sij hawm tsuas yog ib qho ntawm nws hom. Piv txwv, cov kab lus "antagonistic contradiction" yog qhov kev tso cai, thiab qhov no yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua ke nrog lo lus "kev sib nkag siab". Qhov no txhais li cas? Feem ntau lub sijhawm no yog to taub tias zoo li no, qhov kev sib cav no yuav ua tsis ncaj. Kev tiv thaiv kuj txhais tau tias tsis yog "kev tsis txaus siab" tab sis kuj yog ib qho "sib zog", tiam sis lo lus tseem ceeb ntawm no yog txhais tau hais tias "kev tsis sib haum".

Ua rau tshwm sim. Variants ntawm txhais

Kev tawm tsam tshwm sim thaum tsis muaj kev sib ceg hauv kev xav mus txog qhov chaw uas lawv sib cav sib ceg. Efremova txhais cov ntsiab lus no los ua kev sib tw lossis kev tawm tsam ntawm kev nyiam. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb. Kev sib txuas lus yeej ib txwm txhais tau tias kev sib tsoo tsis muaj peev xwm nqis tes ua.

Dahl, thaum nws sau nws tus kheej txhais, tau mus sab me ntsis los ntawm lwm sab: nws txhais hauv qee txoj kev zoo li Newton txoj cai paub zoo, uas txhua lub zog muaj ib qho kev quab yuam uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv nws. Thiab nws tau tuaj mus rau tom qab qhov xaus ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv kev ua phem yog dab tsi. Tias qhov no yog tib lub hwj chim. Yog vim li cas peb thiaj li rov qab mus rau yam uas tau muab sau cia rau hauv kev taw qhia, hais txog tias cov cim tsis zoo hauv ntau yam haujlwm hu ua antagonists.

Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm no tsis yog xav txog nws yog ib feem ntawm kev kos duab, tab sis kom muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov kev xam pom ntawm science. Uas yog vim li cas cov chav kawm ntawv thaiv kev raws li ib yam ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo tej teeb meem yog qhov kev kawm ntawm cov xim ntawm cov tom ntej no cov pawg lus.

Chav kawm tsis sib haum

Chav kawm kev sib nkag siab yog kev sib ze nrog rau cov chav kawm tawm tsam. Kom txhais tau tias nws yog ib qhov tsis yooj yim, vim qhov txhais ntawm lo lus "hoob kawm" muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm los qhia meej txog qhov tseeb: qhov kev sib txuas ntawm chav kawm yog qhia meej meej txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tawm tsam, thiab lwm hom. Kev sib tua hostile ntawm strata ntawm zej zog vim stratification, uas yuav siv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv txhua haiv neeg, yog qhov ua rau ntawm chav kawm antagonism. Nws tsis tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi ntawm cov pej xeem. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub zej zog thiab yog ib qho subspecies rau xws li ib lub tswv yim raws li "social antagonism". Qhov no yuav tham txog hauv qab no.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm chav kawm tiv thaiv

Epic tiav cov chav kawm ntawv thaiv kev ua ib tug social kiv puag ncig, uas tshwm sim thaum qhov kev txaus siab ntawm cov tshiab thiab cov laus hoob kawm, obsolete kev cai thiab modernized kev cwj pwm txojkev "taub hau" thiab daws qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv ib tug civilized txoj kev lawm.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog kev sib ceg

Nyob rau hauv sociology, muaj peb hom ntawm kev sib ceg thiab kev cai lij choj, thawj cov uas yog antagonistic. Nws muaj ib qho kev txuam tsis zoo, uas txhais tau hais tias: kev ua yeeb yam ua rau kev puas tsuaj.

Kev tiv thaiv kev sib ceg yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev xav ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm ib los yog ob qho tib si ntawm kev tsis sib xws. Piv txwv li, qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov chav kawm (xws li hauv pawg lus dhau los), yog pojniam tsis sib xws, kev ntxub ntxaug, kev saib tsis taus los ntawm kev ntseeg thiab kev ntseeg, kev ua neej (qhov no yog hnub nyoog ntawm kev ntxub ntxaug), etc. Ib qho ntawm qhov kev sib tawm tsam kev sib raug zoo yog xav txog kev coj ua. Kev tiv thaiv kev sib raug zoo piv txwv xws li kev nkag siab ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo raws li kev ncaj ncees ntawm ib qho tshaj, uas yog, kev xa mus rau ib leeg. Kev tiv thaiv kev sib raug zoo kuj yog cov lus pom zoo (kev xaav ntawm cov tib neeg los ua khoom thiab lwm tus neeg ua lawv cov kev kawm).