Artwork Hniav Folk Art: Hom

Haiv neeg zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws yog ib feem ntawm cov haiv neeg kev coj noj coj ua. Poetic images, cwj pwm txawv nyob rau hauv nws, yog cov zoo thiab nkag siab rau txhua tus neeg. Nws nyiam qhov zoo nkauj ntawm kev zoo nkauj, pab tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb zoo. Raws li cov qauv duab kos duab ntev, zoo nkauj kos duab muaj feem xyuam rau kev kawm ntawm ib tug txiv neej ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej. Cov hauj lwm uas tsim los ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm los ntawm cov neeg yog ib qho kev xav txog kev hlub rau lawv cov teb chaws, muaj peev xwm pom thiab nkag siab txog kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig.

Lub ntsiab ntau yam ntawm zoo nkauj kos duab

Ntev centuries ntau nyob hauv cov tsev neeg, thiab txij li thaum XVIII-XIX centuries thiab handicrafts, nkag zos thiab lub zos nrog cov tais diav ntau yam ua los ntawm av nplaum, ntoo thiab hlau, khoom ntim, ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab ntoo cov khoom ua si, ntaub pua plag, lwm yam zoo li Lub npe nrov tshaj plaws rau nws lub ci ntsa iab thiab zoo siab hlo Gorodets painting rau wood, Dymkovo figurines thiab whistles ntawm av nplaum, lukutinskih pleev xim rau lacquer thawv. Txhua yam ntawm cov khoom no yog ib txoj haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim duab kos duab. Ntoo kub - Khokhloma painting - yog kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv Russia thiab txawv teb chaws.

Muaj thawj crafts nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, Lavxias sab qaum teb, Siberia, thiab Caucasus. Fame tau txais los ntawm kev ua hlau nyob hauv Dagestan Kubachi, cov xim tha xim hauv Balkhar, thiab ib daim ntawv teev npe ntawm cov nyiaj ntawm cov nyiaj Untsukul. Folk khoom zoo nkauj, nws cov hom yog cov ntau heev, yog sawv cev nyob rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm peb lub teb chaws loj.

Vologda hlua - pej xeem zoo nkauj kos duab

Vologda lace rais los ua nrov nrov hauv European capitals hauv xyoo 18th lig. Thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm, ntau lub txawv teb chaws yuam kev ntseeg hais tias hlua nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Vologda. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, Elets, Kirishi, Vyatka kuj muaj vim li cas txaus siab ntawm lawv cov khoom. Yuav luag txhua tus neeg muaj lawv cov cim tshwj xeeb. Yog li, nthuav heev yog Mikhaylov lub coloured laces. Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws lawv nrhiav tsis muaj tsawg dua li cov Vologda sawv daws yuav. Txawm li ntawd los, zoo li ntau pua xyoo dhau los, nws yog rau Vologda tias lawv mus rau ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb dawb.

Openwork carving

Lub qhov rooj qhib lub qhov rooj ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov pob txha: cov thawv, pobpuab, pendants, brooches. Cov hauj lwm ntawm pej xeem cov hniav kos duab - pob txha lace - yog li poetically hu ua openwork carving.

Qhov ntau tshaj plaws yog peb hom ntawm qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txiav los ntawm cov pob txha:

• Geometric - qhov sib txuas ntawm cov kab ncaj thiab nkhaus.
• Zaub.
• Rokailny - stylized daim ntawv ntawm lub plhaub plhaub.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub qhwv qhib siv yog tsim los tsim cov ntawv pov thawj raws li kev nthuav dav thiab cov duab kos. Cov khoom siv yog ib qho nyuj pob txha.

Nyias ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv openwork carving yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej: ntsia thawv cov ntawv, shtihels, klepikov, jigsaws.

Ntaus

Beadwork yuav txaus siab rau cov keeb kwm yav dhau los, thiab cov hlaws dai. Cov neeg nyob hauv Ancient Tim lyiv teb chaws yog thawj tus uas paub cov txuj ci ntawm nws cov ris tsho rau ntawm lub me me dawb lias iav, thiab tseem kho lawv cov khaub ncaws. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlaws ntev hauv xyoo 10 this yeej tawg paj. Tau ntau xyoo, cov neeg Venice ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov kev txawj ntse. Luxurious hlaws dai adorned nrog ej thiab handbags, nkawm khau, khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam elegant yam.

Thaum cov hlaws dai nyob rau hauv Asmeskas, nws hloov cov ntaub ntawv siv los ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm. Ntawm no lawv tau cradled, baskets, qhwv, snuffboxes.

Cov neeg ntawm Far Sab Qaum Teb tau zoo nkauj nrog cov hlaws paj ntaub ntawm hleb, pluab tsho tiv no, reindeer koom siab, headdresses.

Batik

Batik - pleev xim rau cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau lawv tus kheej tes nrog kev siv cov ntsiab lus sib kho. Cov txheej txheem raws li kev soj ntsuam tias rubber kua nplaum, paraffin thaum siv rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis dhau los ntawm cov xim.

Muaj ob peb ntau yam ntawm batik - nodular, kub, shibori, txias.

Lub npe "Batik" yog Indonesian, uas txhais tau hais tias "kos", "mob stroke", "npog nrog dauv."

Qhov no painting twb tau muab siv txij ancient sij hawm cov neeg ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab Indonesia. Batik tuaj rau Tebchaws Europe hauv xyoo 20th.

Painting

Painting yog ib yam ntawm cov feem ntau ancient hom ntawm zoo nkauj kos duab. Rau ib-paus xyoo nws tau ua ib feem ntawm cov kab lis kev cai thiab lub neej ntawm tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv pej xeem kos duab ntawm Russia no hom ntawm daim duab zoo nkauj yog thoob plaws.

Ntawm no yog qee hom mural:

• Zhostovo nrag yog ib qho paj ntaub uas paub zoo tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias uas tshwm nyob rau xyoo 19th hauv lub zos ntawm Zhostovo, tsis deb ntawm Moscow. Belongs mus rau crafts nrov tshaj plaws, qhov chaw uas yog Lavxias teb sab pej xeem nrag tsim. Npe nrov Zhostovo cov tais los pleev xim. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, bouquets ntawm paj yog xwm txheej rau tom qab dub.
• Gorodets painting yog kev lag luam uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Gorodets nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Cov tha xim yog ci thiab laconic. Nws cov ntsiab lus yog cov nees cov duab, ib hom ntawv nyeem zoo nkauj, paj qauv. Kho cov qhov rooj, shutters, rooj tog zaum, tig lub log.
• Khokhloma nrag - yog ib qho ntawm cov hiob neeg txawj ntse. Nws originated nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII hauv Khokhloma, nyob ze Nizhny Novgorod. Khokhloma nrag - zoo nkauj painting ntawm ntoo khoom, tua nyob rau hauv ib txwm keeb kwm nyob rau hauv dub, xim liab, tsis tshua muaj ntsuab. Tom qab kos cov duab, cov khoom yog coated nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab peb lub sij hawm ua nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov cub, uas ua rau nws ua tau mus cuag ib tug tshwj xeeb zib mu-Golden xim. Tsoos rau Khokhloma yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm roob tshauv thiab liab txiv pos nphuab, ceg ntoo thiab paj. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub compositions tshwm beasts, ntses thiab noog, xa nws mus rau hauv ib tug tiag tiag ua hauj lwm ntawm pej xeem zoo nkauj kos duab. Ntoo kub - feem ntau yog hu ua Khokhloma painting.

Peb yuav paub cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv ua neeg siv hauv kindergarten rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus.

Dymkovo qho khoom ua si

Cov khoom Kirov masters amazes nrog ci qauv, tsis-qauv proportions thiab cov duab. Txhua leej txhua tus yog enthralled nrog elegant, zoo nkauj decorated thiab pleev xim rau mistresses, ponies, roosters, tshis. Thawj Dymkovo cov khoom ua si tshwm nyob rau hauv 1811. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub caiv Vyatka av nplaum roj hmab nrog cov duab raug muag. Av nplaum cov khoom ua si tau ua los ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub zos ntawm Dymkovo. Lawv ua li no nrog lawv tsev neeg ua ke.

Tam sim no lub Hoobkas, uas tsim Dymkovo cov khoom ua si, ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv Kirov.

Filimon cov khoom ua si

Tsis muaj tsawg dua nto moo yog qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua pej xeem nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Filimonovo ze Tula, qhov chaw ua si hauv av nplaum zoo. Cov neeg thiab cov tsiaj uas ua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv daim ntawv quaj thiab zoo tshaj plaws. Cov poj niam cov txiv neej, cov poj niam, cov tub rog, nyuj, cov neeg sib tw ua ke ntawm cov nees, cov yaj. Filimonov cov khoom ua si tsis tuaj yeem tsis meej pem nrog lwm tus, vim lawv nqa lawv cov cim tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua qauv thiab kev nrag. Lawv ua si nrog tag nrho cov xim ntawm zaj sawv.

Tus menyuam uas tau pom Philemon qho khoom ua si nrog ib tus qauv uas tsis yog tus qauv xim thiab cov qauv zoo li pib muaj tswv yim.

Kargopol qho khoom ua si

Kargopol yog ib lub nroog qub, uas nws cov pej xeem tau ntev hauv cov tais diav. Feem ntau lawv ua cov tais diav, tab sis qee tus masters tau koom nrog ib qho av nplaum qho khoom ua si. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1930 tus ntses tau ploj mus ua lwj. Kev kho kom rov qab los ntawm Kargopol kev cob qhia tau tshwm sim hauv 1967.

Kargopol cov khoom ua si nrhiav stricter tiv thaiv rau tom qab ntawm kaj Dymkov thiab Filimonov. Qhov ntau ntawm cov xim yog xim av, xim dub thiab tsaus ntsuab. Muaj ntau yam funny dluab, yooj yim, tab sis tib lub sijhawm ua pa kub thiab kev lom zem. Lawv yog cov poj niam cov txiv neej, bearded peasants, cov me nyuam roj hmab nrog cov kiv cav.

Gzhelel cookware

Tsis deb ntawm Moscow yog nyob ntawm lub zos Guzel. Txij thaum lub xyoo pua mus txog 14 xyoo, lub tais diav ntim qaum ntawm no. Ntawm cov tais diav uas tau tsim kvassniki - daim hlau thiab cov khoom ua si, uas pleev xim rau xim av thiab daj xim ntsuab-xim ntsuab. Tam sim no porcelain khoom tsim nyob rau hauv Gzhel muaj lub ntiaj teb koob meej. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog lub meej mom ntawm daim ntawv thiab daim duab. Gzhel plooj (porcelain) yog qhov txawv ntawm lub xiav nrag ua rau tom qab dawb. Muaj tseeb, lub xiav tsis homogeneous. Yog tias koj saib zoo zoo, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov duab ntxoov ntxoo thiab cov caij nyoog ua ke uas tawm suab xav txog lub ntuj xiav, dej thiab dej hauv pas dej. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tais diav hauv Gzhel, lawv tsim cov khoom ua si thiab ib qho khoom me me. Txhua yam uas tus tswv ua yog amazing nrog kev sib haum ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab daim ntawv. Qhov no yog ib txoj haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg tsim duab kos duab. Gzhel tau txais txhua tus npau suav.

Hnav kos duab rau hauv kindergarten

Lub kos duab ntawm pej xeem craftsmen tsis tsuas yog rau cov laus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov me nyuam uas tuaj yeem ua si nrog cov roj hmab ntoo thiab cov khoom ua si av ntawm Kirov craftsmen. Cov kos duab ntawm cov neeg tuaj yeem txaus siab rau cov menyuam uas muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv qhov kev tsim, kev xav thiab cov yeeb yuj. Nws yog to taub rau cov me nyuam, raws li nws cov ntsiab lus yog yooj yim thiab meej, tab sis tib lub sij hawm qhib ua ntej tus me nyuam kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig nws. Ntawm no yog cov duab ntxim nyiam kawg-zaj dab neeg ntawm cov tsiaj txhu uas ua los ntawm av nplaum los ntoo, thiab npog nrog paj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nplooj, ntau zaus pom hauv lub neej. Masters koom rau hauv cov khoom siv ua av nplaum, feem ntau pleev xim rau lawv cov hauj lwm nrog kev pleev xim rau ntawm cov qauv duab: strips, rings, voj voog. Cov kev kos duab no kuj pom kev nkag siab hauv cov menyuam. Tag nrho cov av nplaum thiab cov khoom ntoo hauv cov kindergartens tsis yog qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm sab hauv. Ua ib tus kws qhia ntawv paub zoo, cov me nyuam ua tib zoo ntsia lawv, ua lawv cov duab kos thiab qauv ua qauv ntawm cov qauv ntawm pej xeem.

Pej xeem cov hniav kos duab hauv qib kindergarten nkag mus rau hauv lub neej ntawm cov menyuam, coj lawv kev xyiv fab, nthuav dav lawv txoj hau kev, ua rau kom muaj kev zoo rau lub zeem muag zoo nkauj. Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv ua ntej lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muaj cov xov xwm ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua pej xeem txaus. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los kho lub interiors ntawm pawg, muab kho dua tom qab ib ntus. Cov khoom zoo nkauj yog qhia rau cov menyuam yaus, thaum lawv tham txog cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Tag nrho cov khoom no yuav tsum muab khaws cia rau hauv lub txee rau ntawm cov xibfwb qhia ntawv. Lawv yuav tsum tau tas li kom tiav thiab muab faib thoob plaws hauv lub ntses. Cov tub ntxhais hluas me nyuam yaus yuav tsum tau cov khoom ua si, lom zem, txua ntoo khoom ua si. Cov me nyuam ntawm nruab nrab pab pawg tau zoo dua Filimonov thiab Kargopol. Cov menyuam yaus ntawm cov pab pawg laus muaj txhua yam khoom ua si, suav cov av nplaum thiab ntoo.

Kev tsim qauv zoo nkauj hauv qib kindergarten qhia txog kev tsim cov menyuam yaus cov tais diav, ntau yam cim ntawm cov khoom ua si ntawm cov khoom ua si. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov me nyuam tuaj yeem ua cov khoom me me me me rau me nyuam roj hmab, khoom plig rau niam, cov niam tais laus thiab cov viv ncaus rau hnub so lub 8 hli.

Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb nrog kawm ntawm lub teb chaws crafts thiab cov me nyuam muaj ntau heev xav xa mus rau cov duab uas nyob ntxhais ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem tales. Folk cov khoom ua si wealth ntawm nws kev kawm spurring lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv modeling, ua rau nws richer kev paub txog lub ntiaj teb no uas nyob ib ncig nws. Cov chav kawm nrog kev siv pej xeem cov txuj ci raws li cov duab qhia muab caij nyoog los tsim lub hlwb ntawm cov menyuam.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo ntawm qhov no yog ua tiav yog tias cov me nyuam muaj kev sib luag thiab tsim los qhia cov khoom ntawm cov txuj ci thiab khoom siv tes ua. Raws li lawv paub, lawv tsim hniav ua hauj lwm nrog lawv tus kheej tes. Lawv raug caw tuaj koom tsim cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim duab (txhua yam). Ib daim duab, yog tias tsis muaj hauj lwm, yuav pab tus me nyuam xav tias nws yuav kos los yog sculpt.

Qhov kev ntshaw ntawm cov me nyuam los tsim cov khoom zoo nkauj yog qhov txiav txim siab ntawm tus kws qhia nws tus kheej rau cov teeb meem no. Nws yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog pej xeem crafts, paub txog keeb kwm ntawm lawv cov tsos. Yog tias tus xib fwb paub txog hom kev ua neeg pej xeem muaj cuab kav ua li cas los yog qhov khoom ua si, thiab muaj peev xwm nthuav qhia txog cov neeg uas ua cov khoom ua si, cov me nyuam yuav nyiam thiab lawv yuav muaj lub siab xav koom tes tsim kho.

Kawm Zoo Hauv Cov Chav Kawm Qiv Siab

Pej xeem cov hniav kos duab hauv kev ua dej num ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov menyuam kawm ntawv tso cai rau cov me nyuam rov qab tuaj rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm haiv neeg kev coj noj coj ua, mus rau sab ntsuj plig cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, txoj kev kawm txog kev muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm teb chaws kab lis kev cai yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ncaj ncees kev kawm ntawm cov me nyuam, xa lawv mus rau hauv kev ua si ntawm lawv lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv pej xeem crafts tus plig ntawm lub teb chaws yog embodied, lub keeb kwm nco ntawm tiam yog awakened. Yuav kom qhia tau tus cwj pwm kom zoo, kom tsim nws txoj kev ncaj ncees, qhov zoo nkauj ua rau me nyuam yaus tsis muaj peev xwm, yog sib tham txog kev muaj tswv yim raug txo kom qis tsis sib haum xeeb. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yog qhia txog kev zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws: nws yog kev tsim txiaj rau ib tus kheej keeb kwm thiab kev coj, kev hlub ntawm lub teb chaw thiab qhov chaw uas nws yug tshwj xeeb, hnav ris tsho, nyuaj rau kev zoo nkauj, lub siab ntawm harmony.

Yuav ua li cas npaj cov txheej txheem kev kawm ntawv thiaj li hais tias kev hlub ntawm lub teb chaws tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug zoo nkauj kab lus, tab sis tiag tiag corresponded mus rau lub hauv paus essence ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tiam? Dab tsi yuav ua tau yog tias tsis muaj kev ua yeeb yam uas qhia txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev yawg suab siab thiab muaj lub cev? Nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem, ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsum tau ib tug kev mus kom ze. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua kom zoo nkauj yuav tsum tau kho qhov teebmeem.

Yuav kom tus me nyuam to taub txog dab tsi ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg, nws raug pom zoo tias hauv zaj lus qhia kom xav txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim duab (txhua yam). Ib qho piv txwv ntawm txoj hauj lwm zoo li no yuav pab kom nkag siab qhov teeb meem.

Cov neeg niaj hnub no yuav tsum tau kho cov hauv paus pib ntawm kev kos duab. Kev ceev, ua kom muaj kev tsim tau lub teb chaws, tsim nws cov kab lig kev cai - xws li cov xibfwb, cov kws qhia ntawv, cov neeg ua yeeb yam.

Kawm Zoo Rau Hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Phaj Siab

Thaum cov menyuam yaus loj tuaj, lawv pib nkag siab ntau dua li cas yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim duab kos duab. Qeb 6 tseem qha txug qhov teeb meem nuav.

Txoj haujlwm kev ua haujlwm rau kev kawm txog kev ua yeeb yam hauv qib 6th qhia txog peb hom kev ua yeeb yam:

1. Ua haujlwm zoo (nrag duab, kos duab).
2. Kho kom zoo zoo nkauj (ornaments, paintings, applications).
3. Kev saib ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig (kev sib tham).

Cov ntau hom no pub rau cov me nyuam kom paub txog cov kev ua zoo ntawm kev tsim txuj ci. Twb tau hauv qhov kev paub ntawm nws paub meej lawm hais tias cov lus qhia zoo li cas yog interlinked thiab pom zoo li cas lawv ua kom tiav ib leeg rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev daws cov teeb meem cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws yuav tsum raug rau txhua txoj haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim duab. Qib 6 yog lub sij hawm tsim kho kom zoo nkauj.

Muaj duab zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv ze ze nrog lwm yam kev kawm. Nws siv kev txawj ntse, uas yog tau los ntawm kev kawm cov ntaub ntawv, suab paj nruag, Lavxias, keeb kwm, technology, biology. Qhov no ua rau nws to taub cov tswv yim zoo ntawm cov qauv kawm, lawv tseem ceeb heev. Nyob rau hauv cov hoob kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kuj kawm txog xws li lub ntsiab lus raws li "Cov hauj lwm ntawm pej xeem zoo nkauj kos duab." Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg (qib 6) tso cai rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv paub txog qhov kev kawm. Cov menyuam yaus ntsuas cov khoom ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob hauv. Lawv yuav tsum kos ib daim phiaj ua haujlwm thiab piav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim duab (txhua yam). 5-6 tawm tswv yim rau txhua qhov ntawm daim phiaj xwm yuav txaus.

Folk Decorative Arts thiab Russia

Thiab Tatarstan thiab lwm yam Lavxias teb sab cheeb tsam cuam tshuam pej xeem kos duab. Tatar hniav ua hauj lwm kaj thiab multifaceted. Nws muaj nws keeb kwm nyob rau ancient pagan lub sij hawm - VII-VIII xyoo pua. Nyob rau hauv lub Kazan Khanate ntawm lub Volga Bulgaria thiab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kos duab tended ua raws li Islamic kev cai. Ua qauv yog ib tug ntau yam ntawm paj thiab floral designs. Qhov no hom ntawm cov qauv feem ntau manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv ntawm Tatar kos duab. Ornaments adorn paj ntaub, tawv mosaic, ntoo carving thiab pob zeb, ceramics, hniav nyiaj hniav kub, calligraphy. Zoomorphic style yog thoob plaws nyob rau hauv Bulgaria khoom masters ntawm pagan lub sij hawm.

Lub peculiarity ntawm Lavxias teb sab hniav kos duab yog nws loj ua cim. Lavxias teb sab hniav art feem ntau anonymously. Gambs cov rooj tog thiab jewellery Faberge, tsuas yog es txoj cai. Anonymous masters tsim lub masterpieces ntawm painting, weaving, cov tais diav thiab khoom ua si. Artistic zus tau tej cov zog ntawm Guj kuj yuav ua tau zoo siab rau cov creation ntawm lub txiaj ntsim nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb.

Tus thawj pov thawj ntawm siab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm forging thiab hniav nyiaj hniav kub industries yuav pom ntawm cov Scythians thiab cov pab pawg neeg uas nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ncab los ntawm cov Dub hiav txwv mus Siberia. Ntawm no, qhov kom zoo dua yog muab rau tus Scythian tsiaj style. Northern Slavs, nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub inhabitants ntawm Scandinavia, qhia txog yam tshiab tawg tsam muaj xws li tib neeg thiab tsiaj lub cev, uas fancifully intertwined. Nyob rau hauv lub Urals Finno-Ugric pab pawg neeg ua amulets nrog cov dluab ntawm bears thiab hma, yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo, pob zeb los yog bronze.

icon-painting cob qhia kuj yog ib tug ntau thoob plaws Russia. Nyob rau hauv Palekh ntawm lub Ivanovo cheeb tsam tsim heev zoo tej yam me me painting rau tej yam ntawm pej xeem cov tales thiab zaj nkauj los ntawm dub lacquer. Los ntawm ancient Byzantium tuaj rau peb filigree kos duab rau ntawm cloisonne enamel, stamping, beading, dub, carved openwork ntoo thiab pob txha. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII hniav kev kawm tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm artistic ntau lawm. Nws pleev xim rau txha hniav laus Rostov, Nizhny Novgorod xov rau huts, blackening ntawm nyiaj nyob rau hauv lub Great Ustyug. Tej hauj lwm ntawm pej xeem ntxias ntawm cov hniav kos duab dai kom zoo nkauj temples thiab palaces.

Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Peter tuaj mus rau hauv Vogue Western yam: cov rooj tog, faience. Txij li thaum lub XVIII xyoo pua daim iav pib yuav tsum tau lug siv. MV Lomonosov mastered rau lub kos duab ntawm cov iav, tsom iav thiab mosaic smalt. Talented architects ntawm lub XVIII thiab pib ntawm XIX xyoo pua tsim tej yaam num hniav khoom tha xim sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj. Ib txhia ntawm cov architects ntawm uas era pib nws cov hauj lwm nrog rau cov decorating ua hauj lwm, xws li Rossi thiab Voronikhin. Lub imperial tsev hais plaub thiab nom tswv cajceg Russia nkag heev heev kev txiav txim private tuam txhab uas muag uas tau tswj kom mus txog rau sab saum toj tawm kev. Cov tuam txhab uas muag xws li Kuznetsovsky nroj tsuag tais diav ntim chaws thiab iav, iav Hoobkas Popovski.

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm pej xeem cov kos duab thiab crafts qhia tau hais tias cov popularization ntawm pej xeem cov kos duab nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev muaj feem xyuam rau cov laus thiab cov me nyuam. Qhov no uas rau cov aesthetic saj, yeej txhawb cov tsos ntawm sab ntsuj plig xav tau kev pab, ua rau ib tug kev xav ntawm lub teb chaws muaj nuj nqis thiab tib neeg. Tom qab tag nrho, lub amazing yeeb yuj khoom tsim los ntawm pej xeem ntxias, cov neeg uas xwm tau txais vaj txiaj ntsim txuj ci, tswv yim thiab ua siab zoo.