Basic Formula Molecular Physics

Molecular Physics - ib tug uas nws kim heev ceg ntawm physics uas kawm cov qauv ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm cov molecular theem, hloov cov macroscopic ciaj ciam ntawm lub system nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov sab nraud ib puag ncig, theem zaus. Cov khoom ntawm polymers thiab ntshav kuj txog molecular physics. Qauv thiab cov ntsiab lus txhais hauv seem no, uas yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv kev daws cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Basic ntsiab seem

Molecule - qhov tsawg tshaj plaws chav tsev ntawm ib yam khoom uas muaj tag nrho ntawm nws lub zog.

Ib qho zoo tagnrho roj - roj rau cov uas muaj lub zog ntawm lub intermolecular sis yog zero, lub molecule yog suav tias yog raws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas tus taw tes, thiab blows therebetween kiag li ywj. Muaj ntau cov qauv ntawm molecular physics thov nws nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau ib tug zoo tagnrho roj.

Zog - ib tug muaj nuj nqis uas characterizes lub peev xwm ntawm ib tug system ua hauj lwm.

Kev ua hauj lwm - tus nqi ntawm lub zog pauv mus rau lub system los ntawm ib tug kev hloov ntawm nws tsis.

Lwm yam ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv seem no: kub, nrog zog, tej zaum zog, diffusion, thermal conductivity, nqi ntawm yeeb tshuaj, cov kev tshav kub, evaporation, hws, crystallization, nyeem chav.

yooj yim mis

Formula Molecular Physics tsim kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab ntawm cov ntau yam system tsis. Lub ntsiab qauv ntawm ntu no yog hais txog Clapeyron kab zauv, uas qhia txog lub xeev ntawm cov zoo tagnrho roj cai ntawm Boyle, Charles thiab Gay-Lussac.

Clapeyron kab zauv yog sau raws li nram no:

pv = NRT

Ntawm no p - siab, n - nqi ntawm yam khoom uas nyob rau hauv moles, R - universal roj tsis tu ncua, T - kub nyob rau hauv Kelvin, V - lub ntim nyob los ntawm cov pa.

Los ntawm cov mis no Molecular Physics ntawm tej yam yooj yim transformations yog tau thiab lwm yam kev cai xeev:

pv = const (formulation ntawm Boyle txoj cai, uas yog thov kom muaj ib qho isothermal txheej txheem);

V / T = const (thawj txoj kev cai Gay-Lussac, uas siv rau cov isobaric txheej txheem);

p / T = const (Charles txoj cai, thov kom isochoric txheej txheem).

Lwm yam tseem ceeb cov qauv ntawm molecular physics:

n = m / M = N / Na (tus qauv nrhiav tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw).

p = nkT.

Nyob rau hauv cov mis no, n - concentration, k - qhov Boltzmann qhov.

E = (3NkT) / 2 (tus qauv rau kev nrhiav cov thermal zog).

p = p ₁ + p ₂ + ... + p _kuv (formula rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub sib tov ntawm gases, lub npe hu ua txoj kev cai Dalton).

Cov qauv ntawm thermodynamics thiab statistical physics

Statistical physics kuj yog seem ntawm molecular physics. Ib txhia cov qauv molecular physics siv nyob rau hauv statistical physics thiab thermodynamics yog muab saum toj no.

Q = mc (t ₂ -t ₁₎

Q = A + (U2-U ₁₎ (U _kuv - nrog lub zog)

DH = TdS + Vdp

Ntawm no H - enthalpy.

G - Gibbs zog, los yog thermodynamic peev xwm.

V = DG / dp

S = -dG / DT (S - entropy nqi nkag mus hauv Clausius, muaj tseeb kev ntsuas).