Boyar Morozova - ib tug legendary daim duab. Lub neej zaj dab neeg txog boyar Morozova

Boyar Morozova yog ib tug ntawm lub zoo-paub Lavxias teb sab personalities uas tshuav lawv tus cim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev. Qhov no poj niam yog tus epitome ntawm ib tug tsis ntshai abtsi thiab tawv ncauj, nws yog ib tug tiag tiag fighter rau nws tej ntsiab cai thiab hom phiaj. Haus Boyarynya ambiguous, rau ib tug neeg nws lub tiaj fanatic, npaj txhij mus rau txoj kev tuag, tab sis yuav tsis muab lawv cov kev ntseeg, nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg nws yog ib tug teeb meem ntawm kev hwm thiab muab siab npuab ntawm nws kuj txais kev ntseeg. Txawm nws yog, tiam sis nws yog - ib tug legendary daim duab, thiab ua tsaug rau cov painting Surikov nco ntsoov dab neeg Morozova yuav txawm ntau tshaj li ib tiam.

Keeb kwm Boyarina Morozova

Prokopievna Theodosius yug Tej zaum 21, 1632 nyob rau hauv Moscow, nws tus txiv - Sokovnin Procopius Fedorovich - yog ib tug courtier, yog ib tug txheeb ze ntawm nws thawj thawj tus poj niam ntawm Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Mariey Ilinichnoy. Yav tom ntej noblewoman yog cov courtiers uas nrog tus poj huab tais. Nyob rau hauv 17 xyoo ntawm Theodosius sib yuav Morozova Gleba Ivanovicha. Nws tus txiv yog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm ib tug noble tsev neeg, yog nyob rau hauv kinship nrog tsev neeg ntawm cov Romanovs, nyob ze Moscow, nws muaj ib tug luxurious cov tsev loj Zyuzin, lees paub txiv ntxawm tub huabtais thiab tau txais kev pab raws li huab tais lub pw lub hnab. Tij Laug Gleb, Boris, yog nplua nuj heev. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1662, raws li tau zoo raws li tus xeeb ntxwv nws yeej tsis tau txais, tag nrho cov dhau lub tom ntej no ntawm kwvtij.

Wealth thiab cawv Boyarina

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Gleb Ivanovich lub xeev ntawm ob kwv tij ua ib tug me Ivan Glebovich tub Gleb, thiab Theodosius, thiab lub sij saib xyuas ntawm wealth yuav nws niam. Lub neej zaj dab neeg txog boyar Morozova yog heev nthuav, vim hais tias tus poj niam no muaj lawv tus kheej views nyob rau lub neej. Theodosius Prokopievna ranked Boyarina nees, muaj ib tug yawm cawv, yog nyob ze rau tus huab tais. Nws wealth yuav tsuas envy: noblewoman muaj ob peb Estates, tab sis nws tsawm nyob rau hauv lub zos Zyuzin, uas teev koj lub tsev nyob rau Western qauv. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm uas nws yog tus tshaj plaws luxurious cov tsev loj.

Boyar Morozova muab qhia yim (!) Txhiab ntawm serfs, tsuas nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev muaj txog 300 neeg ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv Feodosiya yog ib tug ntse cob qhia, thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog nyiaj mosaics, nws feem ntau mus taug kev, harnessed rau nws cov neeg coob ntawm rau, los yog txawm kaum ob nees nrog rattling chains. Thaum lub sij hawm boyarynya mus ncig ua si nrog los ntawm hais txog 100 txiv neej thiab poj niam qhev, tiv thaiv nws los ntawm tawm tsam. Morozov nyob rau hauv cov hnub suav hais tias yuav luag tus richest txiv neej nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Ib tug proponent ntawm lub qub Believer txoj kev ntseeg

Boyar Morozova yog ib tug ardent supporter ntawm lub qub txoj kev ntseeg. Nws yog ib txwm sympathetic rau cov neeg pluag thiab cov dawb huv ruam, Muab lawv pub rau cov pluag. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev feem ntau sib sau followers ntawm lub qub ntseeg mus thov Vajtswv nyob ib ncig ntawm ancient canons nyob rau hauv lub qub Believer icons. Tus poj niam muaj ze nrog Avvakum, ib tug apologist rau cov laus txoj kev ntseeg, tsis paub lub kho ntawm Patriarch Nikon.

Nws hnav ib lub cov plaub hau tsho, uas yog li "nyeg lub cev nqaij daim tawv." Tsis tau hu ua Hanpaku tau yog tsis zoo siab Morozova, hais tias nws mus rau gouge tawm nws ob lub qhov muag, raws li Mastridiya los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm kev dag ntxias ntawm kev hlub. Tsis tas li ntawd pov thawj cem boyarynya nyob rau hauv me me sib hlub sib txhawb, vim hais tias thaum nws tus mob nws yuav ua li cas zoo npaum li cas rau ntau ntau tus neeg nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau. Ntxiv mus, Theodosius, tab sis yog, thiab yeej muaj tseeb tiag mus rau lub qub txoj kev ntseeg, mus xyuas lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov tshiab rite, uas tshwm sim los nws mus rau nws mistrust nyob rau ib feem ntawm conservatives.

tsis mloog Vajtswv lus Morozova

Tus huab tais paub txog kev ntseeg Boyarina nees, thiab xws li tus cwj pwm nws tsis nyiam nws. Theodosius zam lub tsev teev ntuj thiab cov kev cov txheej xwm, nws twb tsis tuaj koom lub tshoob ntawm Alexei Mikhailovich, hais tias nws yog mob heev. Tus huab tais nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev sim feem xyuam rau txoj obstinate boyarynya, xa rau ib lub hom phiaj rau nws los ntawm nws cov txheeb ze tau qhia cov poj niam thiab ntxias kom txais yuav ib tug tshiab txoj kev ntseeg, tab sis nws yog tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv vain: Morozova twb sawv ntawm nws tus kheej. Ob peb paub li hu ua Boyar Morozova tom qab vows ntawm lub qub ntseeg. Poj niam nyiag coj nws thiab tau txais ib lub npe tshiab - Theodore, ua pov thawj nws ib puag ncig uas tseem muaj tseeb mus rau lub qub txoj kev ntseeg.

Tus huab tais Maria Ilinichna ntev pent-up chim siab ntawm tus huab tais, thiab lub siab txoj hauj lwm ntawm Boyarina tsis pub no ces cia li rau txim rau nws, tab sis ua siab ntev Alexei Mikhailovich tuaj mus rau qhov kawg. Nyob rau hauv lub yav tsaus ntuj, Kaum ib hlis 16, 1671 los Morozova, Archimandrite Joachim tuaj nrog tus neeg teev ntawv ntawm lub council Hilarion. Lub tsev ntawd, thiab tus muam tus ntxhais fuabtais Boyarina Urusova. Yuav kom qhia tau tias koj saib tsis taus rau cov qhua, Theodosius thiab Eudocia mus pw thiab dag teb cov lus nug tuaj. Tom qab nug cov poj niam shackled thiab sab laug nyob rau hauv lub tsev raug ntes. Ob hnub tom qab, Morozov twb thauj thawj nyob rau hauv Miracles, thiab ces nyob rau hauv lub Pskov-tsua Monastery.

Tom qab raug kaw Boyarina tuag ntawm nws tsuas yog tus tub, Ivan, ob exiled cov kwv tij, thiab tag nrho cov vaj tse twb pauv mus rau muaj koob muaj npe tso nyiaj. Morozov twb ua tib zoo saib, tab sis nws tau txais los ntawm sympathetic rau nws cov neeg cov khaub ncaws thiab zaub mov noj, pov thawj hu ua Hanpaku tau sau nws cov tsiaj ntawv, thiab ib tug ntawm cov pov thawj ntawm cov qub kev ntseeg kev cais rau cov neeg pluag poj niam.

huab tais txim

Boyar Morozova, Princess Urusova thiab Maria Danilova (tus poj niam ntawm Colonel musketeers) nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm 1674 tau pauv mus rau Yamskoy vaj. Tsim txom nyob rau hauv lub khib ntawm cov poj niam yeej hais kom mus txais lub tshiab txoj kev ntseeg thiab renounce lawv cov kev ntseeg, tab sis lawv twb nyob ruaj khov kho. Lawv hais txog mus hlawv nyob rau ceg txheem ntseeg, tab sis qhov no thuam tiv thaiv Princess Irina, tus huab tais tus muam thiab Patroness ntawm lub boyars. Alexei Mikhailovich kom Evdokia muam thiab Theodosius exile nyob rau hauv Pafnutyevo-Borovsky monastery thiab kaw nyob rau hauv ib tug earthen lub tsev loj cuj.

Tuag Boyarina

Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1675 14 Boyarina cov tub qhe raug hlawv nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntoo, txhawb cov laus txoj kev ntseeg. Cuaj hlis 11, 1675 tuag los ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis Princess Urusova Morozova kuj twb paub nws demise. Tsis ntev ua ntej nws tuag nws nug tus tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub tsho nyob rau hauv tus dej mus tuag nyob rau hauv huv si khaub ncaws. Los ntawm tag qaug Theodosius tuag rau Kaum ib hlis 2, 1675.

Lub ntsiab ntawm lub painting Surikov

Nyob rau hauv 1887, tom qab lub 15th ncig teb chaws exhibition ntawm lub Tretyakov Gallery, lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug artist cov ntse heev "Boyar Morozova" twb muas rau 25 txhiab rubles. Painting Surikov nruab nrab canvas loj 304h587,5 cm, nws yog sau nrog roj. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws qhov ntawm yuav teev cia. daim duab los ntawm afar attracts cov xim ntawm viewers, mesmerizing qaim xim, vibrant dluab thiab spatial quab yuam. Vasili coj raws li ib lub hauv paus rau lub ntsiab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj schism XVII caug xyoo. Cov neeg pleev kob xav qhia lub zog lub neej thiab sib sib zog nqus txoj kev ntseeg ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab neeg. Nws muaj peev xwm piav kev txom nyem ntawm qhov teeb meem no: lub cim tseem ceeb yog humiliated, crushed, tiam sis tsis tau tawg,; Morozov yog doomed yuav tuag, tab sis tseem zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv ib tug yeej xwb yam.

Surikov txaus siab rau txoj hmoo ntawm Boyarina

Biography Boyarina Morozova xav Vasily Ivanovich, rau qhov yog vim li cas hais tias nws yog Ameslikas los ntawm Siberia, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb no cheeb tsam yog nto moo rau ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm Qub ntseeg. Siberians muaj ib tug cwj pwm zoo rau cov laus txoj kev ntseeg, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog lug siv handwritten "neej" uas sawv daws khoom ib rau Laus Believer martyr uas raug kev txom nyem nyob rau ntawm lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tus tshiab txoj kev ntseeg. Raws li ib txhia qhov chaw, nrog rau cov "taleas ntawm Boyar Morozova" Surikov tswvcuab nws godmother. Thaj, cov artist qhuas los lub dag lub zog ntawm yuav Boyarina, li ntawd kuv thiaj txiav txim siab los tsa lub cim xeeb ntawm nws, nyob rau ib tug loj loj canvas depicting rov qhov twg Morozov coj mus rau lub tsev rau txim.

Cov dluab ntawm lub ntsiab cim nyob rau hauv cov duab

Thaum saib cov canvas nyob rau hauv thawj catches lub qhov muag lub hauv paus ua cim - Boyarynya Morozova. Hauj lwm ntawm cov duab qhia tau hais tias cov artist ib tug ntev lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau txiav txim nrog rau cov portrait sketches, nws pleev xim rau lawv nyias thiab ces ua ke ua ke. Avvakum Theodosius piav raws li nyias poj niam nrog shifty, xob laim-ceev plia, thiab Surikov yuav tsis nrhiav tau xws li ib tug neeg - ib tug fanatical, bloodless, sab sab tab sis zoo siab thiab unbending. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, nws saib nrog Morozov staroobryadki tias tau ntsib Vasily Ivanovich nyob ze Rogozhskoe toj ntxas.

Moscow pluag trading dib, los ua tus tsab ntawm tus dawb huv ruam, tab sis cov duab ntawm lub Hmoob - yog tus sau nws tus kheej. "Boyar Morozova" - ib tug painting nplua nuj "xim symphony." Surikov txuas tseem ceeb heev rau qhov ntxoov, ua kom lawv zoo li tej yam ntuj tso. Neeg pleev kob rau saib cov daus rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, capturing tag nrho nws cov modulations, saib raws li cov cua txias muaj feem xyuam rau lub complexion. Uas yog vim li cas nws cim zoo li ciaj sia. Yuav kom muab cov zaj duab xis ib tug nkag siab ntawm lub zog, Surikov pririsoval rau rub daim txiag khiav me nyuam tub.

Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm cov artist

Keeb kwm ntawm lub painting "Boyar Morozova" txawv heev, yog hais tias tsuas vim hais tias qhov no ua hauj lwm tau tshwm sim los muaj teeb meem thiab high-profile tsis sib haum critics thaum lub sij hawm ib tug txawv tebchaws exhibition. Ib txhia xav kom ua hauj lwm Surikov, ib tug neeg - tsis muaj, tab sis tag nrho cov pom zoo hais tias lub creation nws yog ib qhov zoo. Ib txhia critics piv rau canvas nrog ib tug yeeb yuj Persian ntaub pua plag, vim hais tias qhov kaj lug xim thiab ryabili ob lub qhov muag, kev kawm ntawv tham txog ntau yam flaws ntawm cov duab, xws li tsis yog txoj hauj lwm ntawm ob txhais tes thiab thiaj li nyob. D. Tab sis tseem, nto moo tshaj plaws thiab relentless thuam ntawm ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws tshawb txog ntawm daim duab yuav tsum tau lees - nws yog tiag tiag ib tug masterpiece.

Ua ntej Vasily Surikov tsis muaj leej twg ntawm qhov nyuab yog li kom meej meej thiab impartially tsis depict neeg ntawm pre-Petrine era. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub canvas - daj, sab sab puas siab puas ntsws anguish, tshaib plab los ntawm ntev yoo mov poj niam, tsawm nyob ib ncig ntawm nws clumsy, hais lus tsis cov neeg nyob rau hauv plaub tsho tiv no, Torlopov, telogreyah. Cov neeg faib ua ob qhov chaw, ib sympathizes Boyarynya, rau lwm yam - ua kev lom zem ntawm nws khaum. Surikov tswj mus rau revive cov cim. Cov tuav, sawv ze cov ntaub pom tau tias thiab yuav ua li cas cov neeg coob coob yuav tsum muab xa mus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ib tug ob peb centuries dhau los.

Vasily realistically xwm cov txheej xwm uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Nws ua hauj lwm tau coj cov neeg tsis yog mus kawm txog txoj hmoo ntawm boyar Morozova, tab sis kuj yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau nws ua. Ib tug neeg perceives nws raws li fanatic, ib tug neeg admires nws inflexibility thiab ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. Thaum lub sij hawm ib tug zoo li daim duab ntawm cov neeg piv nrog rau heroine ntawm lub Populists thiab Stenka Razin. Nws hais tias tsuas yog hais tias "Boyar Morozova" yog, nyob rau hauv txhua txhua lub hnub nyoog, muaj cov yeej ib txwm cov neeg, ncaj ncees rau nws convictions.