Bursa - lub npe ntawm lub Theological lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub qub hnub thiab tshaj. lo lus lub ntsiab lus

Thawj qhov uas los mus mloog nyob rau mention ntawm lub sij hawm "bursa", ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm "Viy" N. V. Gogolya, vim hais tias cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm zaj dab neeg yog ib tug seminarian Khoma Brutus, xa thaum lub sij hawm lub caij so tsev. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm no txawj sau ntawv nws yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv yog hais heev heev (Andrei thiab Ostap Bulba kuj seminarians). Cov kev cai dab qhuas cov tsev kawm ntawv tau ua ntau nyob rau hauv lub Ukraine (Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws), thiab nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland. Hais txog seminary tiav thiab Kuprin sau thiab Pomyalovski.

metamorphosis lub sij hawm

Xa mus rau lub hauv paus pib ntawm lub sij hawm, los ntawm Latin, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv ib tug literal txhais lo lus "bursa" - ib tug hnab tshos los yog lub hnab tawv pojniam. Ces, nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv cov tswvyim no implies ib tug tag nrho lub thawv chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm kev kawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, convent, union los yog fraternity. Maj mam, lub sij hawm tau kis nws tus nqi rau cov nyiaj ntsuab register kev cai dab qhuas tsev kawm ntawv thiab ces - nws tus kheej ib tug rau tsev kawm Vajluskub thiab ib tug hostel nrog nws. Muaj yog tsis muaj dab tsi ceeb nyob rau hauv lub fact tias lub tsev kawm ntawv nrog tib lub npe xub tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Fabkis, vim hais tias cov lus ntawm lub teb chaws no yog ib tug hais lus phem Latin.

chav tsev nrog rau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus muab rau cov menyuam kawm ntawm tej yam cov tsev kawm ntawv hu ua bursa, thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas nyob rau hauv nws, tau hu ua lub seminarians, tab sis nyob rau hauv Fabkis nws tsis nyuaj npaum li cas zoo li zoo nkauj: bursarli los yog bursiati. Nyob rau hauv Fabkis txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua rau tsev kawm Vajluskub nws yog ib yam.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws rau tsev kawm Vajluskub ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws

Ukraine thiab Poland nyob rau hauv lub bursa - ib tug uas kev cai dab qhuas tsev kawm ntawv, uas yog nyob rau hauv Kiev thiab hloov tom qab mus rau hauv lub Theological Academy. Nyob rau hauv Krakow kawm vaj lug kub Dlugosz lasted kom txog thaum 1840. Qhov saum toj no Kiev tus kwvtij lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab hostel thaum nws tsim nyob rau Petro Mohyla, tsam ntawm Kiev, Halych thiab tag nrho cov zog ntawm Guj kuj nyob rau hauv lub XVII caug xyoo.

Lub neej nyob rau hauv lub kawm vaj lug kub yog tsis yooj yim, vim hais tias nws muab cov nyiaj pub dawb mas los ntawm lub Cossack formations uas pib lub paj nyob rau hauv lub XVII caug xyoo. Raws li muab free zaub mov noj, khaub ncaws thiab tsev nyob ntau tshaj li scarce, seminarians pib muab ntawv kom ciaj sia. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm cov tub kawm ntawv lawv tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub chaw nyob txhua txhua xyoo thiab solemnly raug xaiv pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg uas tau muab khaws tseg pub rau cov pluag thiab lawv tis. Cov no yog cov prefects, secretaries thiab pab. Nrog tshwj xeeb phau ntawv Album trustees zam lub zej zog hais rau dawb.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tub ntxhais ntse me nyuam kawm ntawv tsim ib tug koom tes uas recitation rimmed cov kev pab cuam, staging thiab tiav Ntug khwv tau tus tsim nyog cov nyiaj.

puag cim

Qhov teeb meem no tau zoo dog dig bursae cov menyuam kawm ntawv mus rau lub XVIII caug xyoo. Vim hais tias Tsam Arseny preacher lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Elizabeth, kawm rau txoj hmoo ntawm seminarians. Nws nce cov nyiaj muab rau lawv thiab txhais lub College ntawm ntoo qauv nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb, yog li kev txhim kho cov tej yam kev mob ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm seminarians. Tseem fundraising seminarian raug thaum kawg txwv nyob rau hauv 1786. Obviously, muaj abuses, thiab kawm ntawm rau tsev kawm Vajluskub raug kev txom nyem.

Nyob rau hauv ib co kawm vaj lug kub muaj ib tug peb-xyoo lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb thiab tshaj. Nrog rau lub rhetoric, philosophy thiab kev ntseeg tau kawm keeb kwm, geography thiab kev kawm zauv. Tab sis kawm vaj lug kub tau muab rau cov me nyuam ntawm ntau dua los yog tsawg affluent, thaum lub sij hawm bursa meant rau cov neeg pluag, kev kawm ntawv lub sij hawm tsis tau siab tshaj 2 xyoo, thiab muab ib tug wealth ntawm kev txawj ntse yog tsawg heev. Lawv yeej unsanitary thiab lim hiam kev lis kev cai, cov me nyuam yog malnourished thiab txaus pw tsaug zog, tsis tas yuav tham txog kev tau txais ib tug dlej kev kawm ntawv. Tag nrho cov no yog zoo heev piav nyob rau hauv "Sau ntawv rau rau tsev kawm Vajluskub" N. G. Pomyalovskogo. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias phau ntawv no muaj ib tug dav heev resonance nyob rau hauv lub zej zog. Tej zaum yog vim li cas kev kawm ntawv yog tsis muab rau ib tug meej kev txawj ntse xa mus rau disparagingly bursa.

lwm yam tseem ceeb

Tab sis rau tsev kawm Vajluskub - yog tsis tsuas tag nrho cov saum toj no. Yuav ua li cas yog ib co tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ib tug muab lo lus? Bursa - nws yog ib lub plaub lub zos nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Antalya. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug tsiaj ntawv bursitis, uas stands rau "tswj tsev ignition thiab tswb". Yog tsis muaj cov blocks tsis tau cia li chav thiab dej kub boilers. Nws muab semi-automatic startup boiler, kev tswj cov kev kawm kub thiab siab, roj mov thiab lwm yam kev khiav dej num. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, rau txhua tus thaiv uas yog muab rau nws xwb npaj BURS tswvyim.