Caliber 338 Lapua Magnum

Cov kuj tshiab 338 Lapua Magnum cartridge yog Ameslikas tsim rau sniping ntawm loj mus, txawm li cas los, yog tam sim no siv nyob rau hauv av nplaum nquab shooting, raws li zoo raws li zoov. 338 Lapua Magnum yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ntawm .50 BMG mos txwv thiab .308 Winchester.

lub sij hawm

Nyob rau hauv 1983, lub US Department of kws muaj txuj ci tshaj tawm ib tug kev sib tw los tsim ib tug tshiab sniper lub mos txwv. Cov cartridge muaj kom tau raws li ob peb tsis. Firstly, nws yog yam khoom ntawm lesion txoj kev loj hlob lub hom phiaj ntawm ntev ntau (tshaj 1500 meters), thiab tib ob - dispersal mos txwv rau 900 m / sec nrog ib tug loj ntawm 250 grain (1 gran = 0,0647 grams).

zaj dabneeg

Ntawm lwm leej lwm, rau lub tsev lag luam pom kev tshawb fawb riam phom Industries ntawm teb chaws USA. Noj cov mus yos hav zoov cartridge .416 Rigby, designers plab hlaub Obermeyer thiab Dzhim Tswb (nws yuav ces .700 Nitro Express, los ua tus tseem haib ntawm qhov kev ua si) tsim ib tug cartridge uas muaj raws li qhov uas yuav tsum tau rau kev sib txeeb. Nws tau txais lub npe .338 Tswb. Tab sis txawm formal raws tej kev cai, muaj ib tug tseem ceeb disadvantage. Tes tsho .416 Rigby yuav tsis sawv qhov muaj zog siab ntawm hmoov gases thiab ntseeg tau deformed, uas tsis tsuas coj mus rau ib tug sai deterioration ntawm riam phom, tab sis yuav yog txaus ntshai rau cov shooter.

Tom qab thawj tsis ua hauj lwm

Xibtes tsiv lub tuam txhab ntawm Lapua Finland. Lawv tsim lub thawj lub tes tsho, thiab qhov no txiav txim siab lub deformation teeb meem. Peb Cartridge raj mis-zoo li tus liner, di ncauj tsis protrude. Qhov siab tshaj plaws siab thaum lub sij hawm cov tawg ntawm hmoov - 400 MPa, thiab lub tes tsho mas lub siab ntawm 420 MPa. Ces lawv tsim thiab lwm cov mos txwv, ntau haum rau shooting ib tug txiv neej nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug loj kev ncua deb. Plaub lub xyoos tom qab, nyob rau hauv 1987, lub tuam txhab pib tsim 338 caliber (8.6 hli x 70) nyob rau hauv lub los Lapua Magnum.

uas ntsiag to killer

Nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog cov creation ntawm lub cartridge, lub ruaj Raug International LTD ntawm ces yog tsim muaj ib phom loj caliber 338, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov uas yog muaj tseeb shooting deb nyob rau hauv huab tej yam kev mob (tsawg kub, muaj zog cua). Lub thiaj li hu ua Arctic sniper phom loj, yog nicknamed "uas ntsiag to killer". Tam sim no peb paub tias nws nyob rau hauv lub npe Arctic tsovrog Magnum, L115A, thiab L96. Thaum shooting nrog ib tug kilometer phom loj tau kis 15-16 cm, nws yog ib tug heev muaj tseeb qhia. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv phom loj caliber .50 Browning dispersion yog hais txog ib 'meter' nyob rau hauv tib tej yam kev mob, muab lub loj tej yam, qhov nyhav thiab ntau npaum li cas nrov txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv.

Los ntawm cov Arctic phom tsa ib tug cov ntaub ntawv, kom txog thaum uas tam sim no tsis muaj ib tug tau raug ntaus: ob txhaj tshuaj ntawm ob tug neeg ntawm ib tug deb ntawm txog ob kilometers raug tua.
Phom loj Arctic tsovrog Magnum yuav ua tau ntawm ob calibers: 6.2 thiab 7,62. Nyhav nws nrog ib qho kev npliag magazine tej zaum yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb cov hloov ntawm 6.1 rau 7.3 kg.

hom mos txwv

Cov cartridge muaj tsuas yog ib hom ntawm cov mos txwv kom txog rau thaum 1996. Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm tshiab bullets heev txhab xaiv rau tau cartridge lub neej. tsib hom mos txwv raug tsim nyob rau hauv .338 LM:

1. SP (mos point).
2. Muab faib (expansive, composite ntxhais).
3. HPBT (tapered tus Tsov tus tw seem, ib tug kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg).
4. FMJBT (plhaub, tapered tus Tsov tus tw seem).
5. FMJ (mos txwv plhaub).

SP yas dhos nrog ib lub mos txwv ntawm ib tug luj ntawm 12,96 grams (200 grains) muaj ib tug thawj zaug kev ceev ntawm lub mos txwv nyob rau hauv lub davhlau 1002 m / sec. Hollow-point mos txwv nrog 250 grain ceeb thawj (16.2 g) nyob rau hauv 897 outputs lub Performance index m / sec, thiab yos hav zoov GB488 VLD muaj ib tug tshaj tawm 910 m / sec nyob rau tib lub ceeb thawj. Tsis tas li ntawd siv tej cuab yeej thiab tej cuab yeej-tho caws nplaum bullets Armor Tho thiab Armor Tho caws nplaum.

Ob peb hom kev yos hav zoov cov mos txwv (Barnes XLC-Bullit - 14,6 g, Sierra MatchKing - 19,4 g, Homady SpirePoint - 16,2 g), tsim nyob rau hauv lub cartridge, thiab tau ntsib tag nrho cov specifications. Lub davhlau ceev ntawm lawv varied los ntawm 754 mus 920 m / s.

Cov kev siv ntawm ib tug cartridge

Caliber 338 "Lapua" tau tsim rau sniping thiab copes nrog nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub tiaj trajectory thiab siab cov neeg, tab sis cov av nplaum nquab shooting siv txawm ua ntej nws cov nom kev nthuav qhia. Nyob rau hauv 1986, Asmeskas yeej lub xub contest nrog nws nyob rau hauv Virginia. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cartridge yog siv thiab zoov. Nws yog heev nrov nrog cov kiv cua ntawm varmint yos hav zoov (tua tsiaj tshaj ntev ncua kev) thiab Benchrest (shooting ntawm ntev ntau rau ntawm daim ntawv lub hom phiaj).

Rau kev yos hav zoov cartridge txhob raug tsim, zoo nyob rau hauv shooting nyob rau ib tug tsiaj uas mus txog ib tug ton.

ntau lawm

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub Lapua Finnish lub tuam txhab, koom nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov cartridge raws li ib tug Czech lub tuam txhab Sellier & Bellot, Norma Precision (Sweden), tab sis tam sim no .338 Lapua Magnum yog ua tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntawm lub Novosibirsk cartridge nroj tsuag. Indicators Lavxias teb sab lapua dog dig ua tsis tau zoo rau tus thawj version. Ib tug tag nrho daim ntawv ntawm cov cartridge yog hu ua tus SP-152.

Riam phom chambered

Heavy cartridge .338 LM tsim rau kev pab raws qib, thiab phom uas siv nws, yuav tsum no match. Tab sis vim hais tias ntawm lub vos kom pom tseeb ntawm ntau phom thiab tsis kis, xws li M98 Barrett. M98V Barrett kuj tau tsim rau cov koob qhia hais tias 338 Lapua, nws yog heev yooj yim (hnyav 6,1 kg - rau no hom ntawm phom loj tiag tiag me ntsis) thiab lub compact (1267 hli nyob rau hauv ntev, kuj yuav thauj unassembled), nrog rau ib tug longitudinally-zawv zawg rooj vag thiab kav rau kaum rounds, thiab yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug flash suppressor. Ib yam li lwm phom ntawm no hom, nws yuav siv tau los ua kom puas cov khoom, tab sis tsim los rau nyob rua lub hom phaj

338 caliber carbine Orsis SE T5000, ib tug rov phom loj nrog phau ntawv pib dua, haum rau kev yos hav zoov los yog rau lub hom phiaj shooting. Tsis tas li ntawd ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab phom muaj ib tug qauv nyob rau hauv no caliber riam phom nyob rau Lavxias teb sab lub tuam txhab "Tsar Cannon".

Tsim riam phom nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab Calibre 338 Blaser, Remington, Keppeler, Weatherby, Raug International (makers ntawm "Arctic phom loj"), Sako thiab lwm tus neeg.
Los ntawm txoj kev, muaj ntau yam ntawm cov phom yog positioned raws li ib tug kev ua si nawv, thiab yog li ntawd siv nyob rau hauv skeet shooting, nrog rau Russia. Qhov tshaj plaws xwb tuav rov qab kis ntawm high-zoo phom - lawv cov nqi.

zoo Martial

338 LM los ua ib tug zoo ntxiv rau cov mos txwv .50BMG, uas, li cas los xij, copes nrog nws ua hauj lwm - shooting rau lub teeb armored tsheb ntawm ntev mus, tab sis tua ntawm nyob rua lub hom phaj yog tsis tsim nyog. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov 338 caliber phom loj muab tawm yooj yim npaum li "tsib caug".

Caliber 338 Lapua Magnum nrog expansive mos txwv muaj hwj chim loj siv ceev xwmphem thiab tuag nyhuv. Mos txwv nkaug muaj, txawm lub hnyav lub cev tej cuab yeej thiab obstacles. Lapua so thiab qhob phab ntsa, thiab cov hlau los xij mus rau ib tug tuab ntawm 2.4 cm

Cov kev yos hav zoov cartridge nrog ib tug mos txwv muab faib yuav siv tau rau lub slaughter ntawm cov tsiaj loj xws li bears thiab loj ungulates, txawm li cas los, txawm muaj ib tug expansive mos txwv cartridge yog ices tiv thaiv loj African tsiaj: ntxhw, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses. Nyob rau tej kev yos hav zoov cartridges siv, tsim los ntawm Dzhimom Bellom thiab William Feldstein, - .700 Nitro Express. Cov cartridge rau firing ntawm luv luv ntau, muaj ib tug thawj zaug mos txwv tshaj tawm los ntawm 590 m / sec ntawm ib tug luj ntawm 64,8 g optimum deb rau no firing mos txwv - 122 m, thaum nws muaj ib tug dispersion tsis ntau tshaj 3 cm ntev ntawm lub cartridge 700 yog sib npaug zos rau 106 gauge. 88 hli, rov qab, txawm lub hnyav hnyav ntawm rab phom, yog enormous - qhov riam phom cia li punt. Tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv vain .700 Nitro Express yog suav tias yog lub feem ntau haib nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no patron. Cartridge zog yog 11.279 J, uas yog txaus ua tau nyob rau hauv hu rau rollover khiav twjkum los yog ntxhw. Txawm muaj lub yeej nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw neuboynoe tsiaj loses muaj peev xwm yuav tawm mus ib lub sij hawm ntawm 5 mus rau 20 feeb, thiab thaum lub sij hawm no tus neeg tua tsiaj yuav suaj kaum tus tsiaj los ntawm ib tug sib zog phom.

kev pab cuam keeb kwm

338 Lapua Magnum cartridge yog siv rau cov tub rog lub hom phiaj. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv tsov rog nyob rau hauv Afghanistan (2001), nyob rau hauv Iraq, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ntawm Ukraine thiab Libya.

Chuck 338 "Lapua" nto moo ob txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv Craig Harris tau ua (tsis tsawg tshaj li tus naas ej "phom loj Arctic") - nyob rau hauv 2009, ob tug tswj txhaj tshuaj nws tua ob tug yeeb ncuab tshuab Gunners nyob rau hauv Afghanistan.

Nws yog ib qhov zoo-paub patron enjoyed sniper Kris Kayl los ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas, thaum ua nws feem ntau nyob deb txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv -. 1940 m Nyob rau hauv Sadr City nyob rau hauv 2008, nws tau tua ib tug foob pob ua ntxaij launcher uas tau mus tua nyob rau lub convoy ntawm US cov tub rog.

Lwm nto moo tua Lapua Magnum cartridge yog ua los ntawm lub British corporal Christopher Reynolds. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv Afghanistan, tab sis ib xyoos tom qab, nws tua tswj txhaj tshuaj los ntawm 1853 meters Taliban commander tub cheev xwm nicknamed Mullah. Rau no txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv Kristofer Reynolds twb muab tsub ib tug puav pheej.

Lwm yam cartridges ntawm caliber 338

Cartridge 338 yuav tsum tau hu ua ib tug yeej narrowly teem, txawm hais tias nws muaj ib tug zoo kev ua tau zoo. 338 Winchester Magnum - yos hav zoov cartridge npaj rau slaughter ntawm tsiaj loj (xws li bears thiab elk), muaj tsuas yog peb hom mos txwv, uas thiaj li nws muaj koob meej ntawm neeg tua tsiaj, txawm tias nws tau coj ib tug muaj zog txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws me me raws li lub feem ntau haib cartridge nruab nrab caliber, tsis npaj rau cov mos txwv shooting ntawm ntev mus. Muag nyob rau hauv America, nws concedes 7 hli Rem Mag thiab 300 Yeej Mag. Nyob rau hauv lub caliber 338 Yeej Mag nyob rau hauv America thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua ib tug ntau ntawm riam phom: Remington & apos; 700, Steyr - Mannlicher lub S, Winchester, Alaska Koj thiab lwm tus neeg.

Lwm yam mos txwv ntawm tib caliber - .338 Weatherby Magnum. Mos txwv yog tsim los pab rau lub hauv paus ntawm .378 WeatherbyMagnum. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li cov designers ntawm kev tshawb fawb riam phom Industries, Roy Uezerbi tsim ib tug tshiab cartridge, los ntawm crimping ntawm lub lub tes tsho. Txawm li cas los, tsis zoo li 338 Tswb, qhov no liner tau tiv thaiv lub siab ntawm lub propellant gases thiab sib ntse nrog rau cov tso tawm rau lub lag luam .338 Yeej Mag, thiab tus luj yog 250 grain kuj qhia tau hais tias cov kev ceev ntawm 900 m / sec.

Nyob rau hauv lub tshiab cartridge lub tuam txhab Weatherby phom launched qauv "Akkyumark", "synthetics" thiab TPM.

Nthuav fact: 338 Lapua Magnum tau ua lub npe rau hauv phau ntawv los ntawm cov series "Stalker". Tom qab tsim thiab muab mus rau hauv lub lag luam ntawm lub cartridge coined lub sij hawm "tus tua phom". Yog li ntawd peb pib hu cov shooters rau lub prohibitive deb.

Qhov kev xaiv ntawm caliber rau sniping

Muaj ntau ntau txoj kev xav, tab sis lawv cov pom zoo rau ib yam: muaj ib co universal caliber, thiab cov 338 yog tsis muaj exception. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov nyhuv uas cov caliber yuav txawv heev raws li lub mos txwv, nws hnyav thiab cov duab, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau tus nqi ntawm gunpowder. Sub tej zaum lawv tus kheej modifying mos txwv, ob peb hloov tsis nyob rau hauv rau sab xis ntawm nws, tab sis nws muaj kev thiab yuav tsum tau tsuas tham txog Hoobkas cartridges. Txhua qhov txhia chaw nws muaj nws tej kev yuam kev thiab kev zam. Txhua gauge copes tsuas nrog set paub tab rau nws, ces tus thawj yam uas koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab nrog lawv.

Lub teeb gauges (hauv qab no peb caug) yog tam sim no muab yuav luag tag nrho cov manufacturers ntawm riam phom. Yog hais tias ua ntej lawm nws twb ntseeg tau hais tias lub teeb calibers tsuas haum rau firing ntawm ib tug deb ntawm tsawg tshaj li 300 meters, yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev sib tw ncaws pob siv nws txawm tias thaum shooting nyob deb mus txog ib kilometer. Lub ntsiab plus ntawm lub caliber - muaj. Kuj me me caj npab thiab mos txwv hnyav cia koj nqa ntau cov mos txwv thiab sai sai teb cov lus hloov tshwm sim.

Medium-caliber, uas nyob muaj chaw thiab .338, tsim los rau kev deb shooting. Muab piv nrog rau thawj pab pawg neeg, xws riam phom ntau nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws siv yuav tsum tau ntau dua kev cai lij choj lav: 338 "Lapua" so los ntawm lub pob zeb ua laj kab, thiab thaum twg siv expansive bullets yuav ua tau yuav luag 100% yuav hais tias yuav muaj tsis muaj caij nyoog los mus ciaj sia nyob rau hauv tib neeg.

Heavy calibers - "fifties" heev contradictory. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, lawv ua ib qho hauj lwm zoo heev nrog lub yeej ntawm cov khoom tshaj ntev ncua kev, tab sis tiv thaiv cov manpower yog tsis yog li ntawd zoo. Yog, 50-caliber phom loj mos txwv yog tau xa mus rau ib tug deb ntawm ntau tshaj li ob kilometers, tab sis yog los ntawm ntau yam thiaj li tseem ceeb uas tus cwj pwm tswj hluav taws kub rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hom phiaj yuav yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua. Yog li ntawd hais tias ib tug muaj tseeb hit nyob rau hauv tej lub sijhawm - ib tug uas tsis yog-tsis tseem ceeb cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis txhob hnov qab hais tias tus thawj cartridge tau tsim rau ib tug tshuab rab phom.

xaus

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov mos txwv mus rau tiv nrog cov paub tab rau nws, nws muaj ib co tsis zoo. Piv nrog rau lub "fifties" me me caliber phom 338. Lawv luj ib tug nruab nrab ntawm ib tug thiab ib tug ib nrab lub sij hawm tsawg. Cuaj kaum caliber 338 tsis negate lub muaj zog tej yam thiab lub deafening suab ntawm ib tug txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv. Phom yuav tsum tau nruab nrog ib tug muzzle nres, thiab lub xub yog xav pom zoo kom siv cov txhais tau tias yuav tiv thaiv koj lub rooj sib hais. Cov phom loj muaj ib tug luj 4.3 kg tej yam sib npaug zos rau 6,88 kg / cm, uas ntog nyob rau hauv lub qeb saum toj no qhov nruab nrab.

338 caliber phom yog tsis nyiaj txiag qeb. Yuav kom paub tag nrho tej zaum ntawm riam phom thiab mos txwv yog tsim nyog los yuav ib qho kim haib optics. Nws kuj pom zoo kom muab ib tug silencer phom los tiv thaiv koj lub rooj sib hais thiab tiv thaiv kom txhob kis tus kab mob tes khib nyiab nyob ib ncig ntawm.

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov caliber 338 raug tsim los sau ib kis ntawm tus .30 caliber (7.62 hli) thiab .50 (12.7mm). Tej zaum qhov no yog li ntawd. Muab piv nrog rau thawj bore 338 Lapua, los ntawm tam pas dej ua ke, tsawg raug mus rau lub cua thiab yog zoo dua khaws cia kinetic zog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, thiab qhov no qhia ntau tuag nyhuv.

Vim hais tias ntawm nws cov tiaj trajectory munition nrees entrenched ntawm cov kev ua tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm snipers. Nrog tsim nyog riam phom nws muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm firing tshaj ib tug kilometer deb, thiab nyob rau hauv zoo tagnrho tej yam kev mob, raws li tau sib tham txog saum toj no, muab tsuas yog 15 centimeters nphoo thaum lub sij hawm tua nyob rau ntawm no deb. Txwv tsis pub, txhua yam yog tsuas los ntawm lub peevxwm ntawm lub xub.