Central Federal District ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov lam, xws li lub cheeb nroog, cheeb tsam thiab lub teb chaws. Txhua plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws thiab muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nta. Tab sis muaj yog ib tug tseem ceeb kev kawm. Qhov no Central Federal District, yog ib cov keeb kwm thiab economic tub ntxhais ntawm lub xeev rau centuries. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb xav txog qhov nyiaj txiag raws li txoj cai ntawm lub cheeb nroog, nws geography, attractions thiab lwm nta.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Central Federal District ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation - yog ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws nrog rau tus loj tshaj pejxeem ceev. Nws twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 2000 los ntawm decree ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Rossi Vladimira Putin. Raws li ib feem ntawm lub county tsis muaj ib tug koom pheej, nws muaj xws li xwb lub cheeb tsam thiab lub nroog capital ntawm Moscow. Nws tseem yog tus thawj tswj qhov chaw ntawm lub county thiab tus loj tshaj plaws lub nroog. Lub npe los tsis yog los ntawm lub thaj chaw ntawm lub koog tsev kawm ntawv, thiab los ntawm nws cov keeb kwm nuj nqi.

Qhov no cheeb tsam yeej ib txwm tus feem ntau tsim kev lag kev luam, kev lis kev cai thiab politically. Lub koog tsev kawm ntawv yog nyob rau hauv lub zoo tshaj plaws cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws, thiab tsim lub feem ntau tshaj system kev thauj sib txuas lus. Tsis pub dhau nws ntse tsim: tsheb, instrumentation thiab lwm yam lag luam. Muaj coob tus neeg nyob rau hauv Russia thiab lwm lub teb chaws tuaj mus rau ib tug mus tas qhov chaw ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv CFD los yog Moscow li cov feem prestigious thiab pheej lub zos rau cov neeg ciaj thiab kev loj hlob.

geography

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub Central Federal District npog thaj 650 200 square kilometers. Nws yog yuav luag 4% ntawm tag nrho ib ncig ntawm Russia. CFA yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj nyob sab Europe Tiaj. Thaum lub ib thaj tsam ntawm koog tsev kawm ntawv converges nrog Belarus thiab Ukraine.

Nyob rau hauv lub CFD loj hlob mixed, deciduous hav zoov. Part ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev yog them los ntawm steppe thiab hav zoov steppe. Muaj kuj tshwm sim ib co niam dej loj yog cov Volga, lub Don, lub Dnieper thiab lub Western Dvina. Txoj kev nyab xeeb yog tsis kub tsis txias. Qhov kub nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no feem ntau yog 15 degrees centigrade nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov - 22 degrees.

Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Central Federal District. Cov no muaj xws phosphate pob zeb, MAAs raw cov ntaub ntawv, granite, thee. Ze li ntawm 20% ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab railways cuag mus rau lub Central Federal District.

pejxeem

Lub 39.209.580 tib neeg ua raws Central Federal District of Russia. Nyob rau ib lub square kilometer 60. Qhov no yog ntau tshaj 25% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem. Ze li ntawm ib nrab ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub peev ntawm tus Central Federal District. Moscow thiab Moscow cheeb tsam los ua tsev rau ntau tshaj 17 lab cov pej xeem.

Ib qho tseem ceeb fact yog tias cov pej xeem tseem loj hlob tuaj. Nyob rau lub xeem 7 xyoo tsis tu ncua tsub kom nws tus naj npawb. Txhua txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Central Federal District los ntawm 200-300 txhiab tus neeg. Thiab nce fertility cov nqi. Txij li thaum 2002, muaj ib qho kev nce rau hauv lub neej ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv no ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws.

Feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem yog Lavxias teb sab, lawv tseem nyob ntawm no rau yuav luag 90% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem. Nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw Ukrainian, thaum tsuas ib feem ntawm 1%. Ntxiv muaj Armenian, Tatar Azerbaijanis nrog ib tug sib qhia ntawm tsawg tshaj li 1%. Ntawm cov lus kuj yeej los ntawm Slavic pab pawg neeg, uas yog Lavxias teb sab. Nws qhia - 92% los yog ntau tshaj.

sights

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Central Federal District Russia tseem ceeb sights.

Kolomna Kremlin. Ib qho ntawm feem impressive qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Lub Kremlin twb ua nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1525 los ntawm 1531, thiab tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug impregnable fortress rau lub Moscow tsoom fwv tau ntau xyoo. tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, ib tug ob peb phab ntsa thiab 7 yees yog fwm rau hnub tim. Nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin tau ua Cathedral ntawm lub Assumption thiab ib tug khub ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, uas yog tseem tsim nyog mus ntsib ib tug.

Smolensk fortress phab ntsa. Lub phab ntsa ua nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1595 los ntawm 1602. Nws ntev yog 6.5 kis lus mev. Smolensk fortress yog ib qho tseem ceeb tactical qhov chaw rau cov Lavxias teb sab xeev. Txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th nws muaj ntau lub sij hawm ntaus tus yeeb ncuab pab tub rog, kom deb li deb tsuas ib feem ntawm lub chaw tiv thaiv nyob ntawm nws.

Hopersky Reserve. Founded hauv 1935, Park tau ua si ib decisive luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txuag lub Lavxias teb sab muskrat, uas nws cov pejxeem twb koos. Lub zeem cia yog ib tug ntawm cov richest nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Nyob rau nws lub teb chaws muaj 400 pas dej, uas txhua txhua caij nplooj ntoos hlav dej nyab los ntawm mus txog 80% ntawm lub zeem cia cheeb tsam. Economic Department ntawm lub Central Federal District them tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm tus tiv thaiv cheeb tsam.

kev khwv nyiaj txiag

Yuav luag 34% ntawm tag nrho cov tag nrho cov regional khoom lees paub rau lub Central Federal District. Ntawm no nws yog tsim nyog los sau 22% ntawm ua liaj ua teb thiab 26.5% ntawm cov muaj khoom.

Tag nrho cov feem ntawm cov CFD kev lag luam yog kwv yees li sib npaug zos rau 20% ntawm tag nrho lub teb chaws. Dub ntiaj teb cheeb tsam, uas tau los ua tus unofficial tub ntxhais ntawm Russia, tuav cov primacy ntawm muaj ntau lawm, scientific thiab cov kev muaj peev xwm, mechanical engineering thiab lwm yam kev lag luam.

CFD kuj tus thawj coj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm socio-economic kev loj hlob, yog hais tias peb los sib piv nws nrog rau lwm cov tsoom fwv teb chaws tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws. Nyob rau nws lub teb chaws yog ib lub tsev mus rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub txawg los ntawm lub teb ntawm ntau lawm thiab kev npaj khomob.

CFA tsim tawm ntau tshaj 22% ntawm lub teb chaws lub hluav taws xob, 19% ntawm ferrous hlau. Nws kuj ua loj nyiaj ntawm cov khoom noj siv mis exported los ntawm qhov no mus 30% ntawm cov mov thiab ntau ntau haus cawv (yuav luag ib nrab).

Kev kawm ntawv thiab Science

Ntau tshaj 80% ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab kev tshawb fawb ua rau ib ncig ntawm lub Central Federal District. Kev soj nstuam thiab chaw zov me nyuam feeb meej nyob rau hauv lub koog tsev kawm ntawv, yog ib tug yuav luag tag nrho cov tej zaum ntawm tag nrho cov xeev. Zaum ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Moscow yog kom tau nyiaj mus tsim lawv cov lag luam los yog pib ua hauj lwm nrog rau lwm cov muaj peev xwm cov thawj coj.

Ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no yog ua si los ntawm txoj kev kawm ntawv system ntawm CFD. Yuav luag 40% ntawm lub tsev yog nyob ntawm no, thiab ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov me nyuam kawm ntawv cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv koog tsev kawm ntawv. Cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Moscow thiab cov Moscow cheeb tsam yog heev nrov cov tub ntxhais hluas, raws li nws yog ntseeg hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv Moscow universities yuav tau txais ib tug dlej kev kawm ntawv nrog ib tug zoo kawg stepping pob zeb rau lub neej yav tom ntej thiab tau ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob.

nrhav

Mus txog 25% ntawm tag nrho cov lub tswv yim thiab tsim tau yug los nyob rau hauv lub CFD. Qhov no yog facilitated los ntawm kev tshawb fawb chaw thiab muaj chaw ua si xws li "Skolkovo". Nyob rau lawv lub teb chaws yog nqa tawm lossi tsim tswv yim tshiab. Engineers ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub "Skolkovo", koom nyob rau hauv tej yaam num thoob ntiaj teb tuam txhab uas muag uas muab web cov kev pab cuam thiab lwm yam high-tech cov khoom rau cov pej xeem thiab private qhauj. Ib qho tseem ceeb nam nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob yeej ib txwm tau lub tswv yim. Kws txawj los ntawm thoob plaws lub teb chaws lossi qhia lawv cov yaam puab paub, sau cov rooj sib tham thiab muab Russia tej txuj ci uas yog hnub tsim States, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm technology lags tom qab lwm tus. Muaj ntau kawm tiav ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws universities yog tam sim no ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub NWS-tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Central Federal District.

ferry system

Cov Central Federal District muaj ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau nyuaj thiab loj-scale thauj systems. Los ntawm nws lub teb chaws ncua Trans-Siberian Railway. Ntawm cov hom ntawm cov tsheb siv nyob rau hauv CFA yuav cais kev tsheb nqaj hlau, txoj kev, huab cua, dej, thiab underground (subway Moscow).

Qhov ntev ntawm txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm 146 391 kilometers nyob rau hauv 2010. Los ntawm lub CFD yog 65 ntsiab railway kab. Ntawm no nws yog laus Moscow thauj hub (cov lwm yam, qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia).

Nrog kev xav txog rau saum huab cua thauj, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus zoo-paub Vnukovo thiab Sheremetyevo, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Central Federal District ua hauj lwm ib tug ntxiv 29 airports. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog tswj los ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws Thauj Agency.

Ib qho tseem ceeb hom kev thauj khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv koog tsev kawm ntawv - Pipeline. Ntawm no yog cov ntev pipelines nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Piv txwv li, lub ntsiab roj pipeline Nizhny Novgorod - Ryazan. Nws ntev yog raws li ntau li ntau 230 kis lus mev.