Chloroacetic acid: Kev npaj thiab tshuaj cov khoom

Chloroacetic acid yog acetic acid, nyob rau hauv uas yog ib tug ntawm cov hydrogen atoms nyob rau hauv lub methyl pab pawg neeg pawg los ntawm ib tug dawb tshuaj atom. Nws yog npaj los ntawm reacting acetic acid nrog chlorine.

Lub ntsiab raw cov ntaub ntawv uas rau cov kev npaj yog acetic acid. Chloroacetic acid kuj yuav tau ua los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm trichlorethylene.

Hydrolysis ntawm lub sib ntshiab khoom tau. Txawm li cas los, qhov no txoj kev yuav siv cov ntshiab distilled dej uas tsis muaj impurities.

Chloroacetic acid yog siv rau tau ntau hom dyes, tshuaj, vitamins thiab ntau yam tshuaj tua kab. Nws kuj yog siv raws li ib tug nto-lub tebchaw (surfactants).

Chlorination ntawm acetic acid nyob rau hauv ib tug nruab nrab ntawm inorganic catalysts (namely acetic anhydride, cov leej faj thiab phosphorus) tau chloroacetic acid, uas nws mis CH ₂ Cl-COOH:

CH ₃ -COOH + Cl ₂ ↑ → => CH ₂ Cl-COOH + HCl.

lub zog

Chloroacetic acid yog hygroscopic, pob tshab siv lead ua muaj ib tug melting point ntawm 61,2 ° C thiab ib tug kub point ntawm 189,5 ° C. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog nkag soluble (raws li nyob rau hauv cawv los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous nruab nrab, raws li zoo raws li acetone, benzene, thiab cov pa roj carbon tetrachloride).

Monochloroacetic acid - ib tug tshuaj lom thiab tsis tshua muaj txaus ntshai tshuaj thaum noj uas yog feem ntau pom txoj kev tuag. Tom qab kev sib cuag nrog cov tawv nqaij chloroacetic acid ua mob loj heev kev kub nyhiab uas tsis kho rau ib ntev lub sij hawm.

Nqus tau pa acid vapor yuav tsum tau cai inflammatory kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub ntsws, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub Upper thiab qis pa ib ntsuj av.

Ua hauj lwm industrial cov nroj tsuag rau zus tau tej cov monochloroacetic acid raug kev txom nyem ib tug ua txhaum ntawm tsis hnov tsw, mob rhinopharyngitis, tshwv thiab dryness ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Tsis tas li ntawd thaum lub sij hawm heev sis raug zoo nrog txhoj puab heev tshuaj muaj cai txhab ntawm daim tawv nqaij epidermis, qhia dermatitis ntawm lub ntsej muag, caj dab, sab sauv thiab sab extremities, nyob rau hauv uas tsis tshua muaj mob - lub npog tas ib ce.

Chloroacetic acid nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv tiodiuksusnuyu acid, uas yog tas nyob hauv cov quav thiab zis.

Lub ntsiab txoj kev ceev faj rau kev siv:

- txwv tsis pub ua pa vapors, roj, haus luam yeeb, thiab tej hmoov av;

- yeej ib txwm siv tus kheej tiv thaiv cov khoom thaum ua tau zoo ua hauj lwm uas txuam nrog tej kev sib cuag nrog acid (impermeable overalls, muaj kev ruaj ntseg yas, roj hmab khau looj plab hlaub thiab hnab looj tes);

- nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nqus tau pa los yog kev sib cuag nrog acid nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij yuav tsum tam sim ntawd mus nrhiav kev pab rau cov neeg txawj kho mob nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze tsev kho mob.

Maximum pub raws kev ruaj ntseg concentration ntawm chloroacetic acid nyob rau hauv cov chav tsev huab cua yog hais txog ib tug mg / m ^3.

Yog hais tias acid thauj, nws yog fej nyob rau hauv ib tug polymeric thawv (lub thawv los yog thoob), fiber drums thiab steel ntim. Yuav thauj los ntawm kev txhais tau tias ntawm kev them thauj.

Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias monochloroacetic acid yog flammable thiab heev. Qhov no tshuaj yog heev flammable.