Surfactants: general ntaub ntawv

Surfactants - ib tug compound uas muaj feem xyuam rau qhov chaw nro. Thaum lub sij hawm sib tham ntawm cov kua molecules therebetween yog tsim traction. Qhov no quab yuam yuav sib txawv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab sab hauv (sib sib zog nqus) khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Xav rau lub xeev ntawm cov kua, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus nrhiav kom tau tias tus hais, uas yog qhia rau hauv qhov system, los ntawm ntau sab surrounded los ntawm tib lub lwg me me uas cuam tshuam rau lawv. Cov resultant ntawm tag nrho cov rog uas ua rau ib tug qauv yog pes tsawg. Yog li ntawd, cov kua muaj tus nqi qis tshaj nto rau ib tug muab ntim. Qhov no yog kom meej meej manifested nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kheej kheej dauv. Lub xub ntiag ntawm impurities ntawm ntau yam tebchaw nyob rau hauv cov kua ua rau tus nto nro.

Tus qauv ntawm surfactant molecules

fatty acids thiab alcohols hais muaj ob qhov chaw uas muaj ntau zog, txawm li cas los, cov tebchaw yog feem ntau xa mus diphilic lug. Ib feem ntawm cov molecule yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug hydrocarbon saw, thiab lwm yam - sib txawv functional pawg (amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfo). Lub ntev hydrocarbon saw, qhov ntau dua yuav tsum tau qhia hydrophobic thaj chaw ntawm tus hais, lawv yuav hnov mob nrog dej weaker.

Nto lub tebchaw (surfactants) organic keeb kwm: kua tsib acids, cov nqaijrog, soaps, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, tannins, ketones, etc. Nto tsaug zog tshuaj tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw nro (starch, piam thaj, fructose).

Nonionic surfactants (nonionic surfactant) - biosoedineniya siab molecular luj, dej nyob rau hauv uas ions tsis tsim. Lub reservoirs cov tshuaj ua ke nrog kev lag luam (tshuaj, textile, roj ntau lawm), domestic, tsev neeg (siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov khoom cua detergents nyob rau hauv tsev) qhov dej, raws li zoo raws li kav dej phwj twj los ntawm ua liaj ua teb (herbicides, fungicides, tshuaj tua kab, thiab kuj Tomes nyob rau hauv raws li emulsifiers).

Surfactants nrhiav tau ntau yam kev siv nyob rau hauv kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Nyob rau hauv lub ua liaj ua teb sector, lawv yog siv rau qhov kev npaj ntawm emulsions, wettable hmoov, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv kev xyaum ntawm tsob nroj tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kab. Kev tshawb fawb ua los ntawm txoj kev siv cov surfactants los txo evaporation ntawm cov av saum npoo. Yog hais tias cov dej hauv av mixtures nrog xws li ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg, ultrathin zaj duab xis tsim nyob rau nws saum npoo uas tiv thaiv lub evaporation ntawm noo noo, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws txig breathable thiab nag lossis daus. Yog hais tias tus txheej txheem ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub surfactant tov, lawv tau ntev khaws juiciness thiab freshness. Thaum muab surfactant mus rau lub pub nce qhov hnyav nce ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov noog los ntawm kwv yees li 20% piv rau kev tswj tsiaj.

Surfactants: Raug mob thiab cov kev pab

Lub nto nro yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem ntawm haum cov as-ham nyob rau hauv lub plab. Piv txwv li, cov rog thiab lipids nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv los nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov mob. Tsis ntev los no emulsified nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv ntawm cov kua tsib acids. Tsuas yog ces cov rog no yog hydrolyzed los ntawm cov lipolytic enzymes. Heev feem ntau, los txhim kho lub efficiency ntawm insecticide ntxiv xab npum (surfactants). Manipulations tshuaj tua kab tso cai zoo nrog cov tshuaj tua kab lub cev nto. Txawm li cas los, lub surfactants muaj tsis tsuas zoo tab sis kuj tsis zoo los ntawm lub cev. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub tsuaj zawv plaub hau muaj pes tsawg leeg yog heev teeb meem foaming cov neeg ua hauj (surfactants), xws li sodium thiab ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium thiab sodium laureth sulfate. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov Cheebtsam muaj carcinogenic tej yam.