Cim thiab cim xwm ntawm Russia

Neeg twg uas tsawg kawg yog ib zaug nyob rau hauv ib tug lub neej muaj hmoo yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no, nyob rau hauv tej feem, pom zoo nrog rau cov assertion uas qhov xwm ntawm Russia tsis yog tsuas yog tsab, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib txhia qhov chaw thiab ua cim. Vim li cas peb noj li ib lub hauv paus rau hauv lub view ntawm cov qhua rau peb lub xeev, thiab tsis yog rau tus Russians? Cov lus teb no yog ib tug yooj yim heev tshaj nws tej zaum yuav zoo li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Qhov no yog hais tias, tau yug los nyob rau hauv, hais tias, Siberia thiab Kamchatka, tej zaum peb tsis them sai sai mus rau hauv zos kev zoo nkauj, ntseeg lawv raws li ib yam dab tsi khuv xim. Thiab nyob rau hauv vain ...

Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias raws li ib ncig ntawm peb lub teb chaws yog heev uas nws kim heev, nws tsis yog li ntawd tus muaj thiab fauna ntawm tib thaj tsam ntawm lub sij hawm ho sib txawv los ntawm tus muaj thiab fauna ntawm lub zos nyob sib ze ib ncig. Piv txwv li, qhov xwm ntawm Central Russia yog ho txawv los ntawm nws cov sab qaum teb, los yog, hais tias, yav qab teb cov cheeb tsam.

Qhov tsab xov xwm aims qhia ntau npaum li cas nthuav dav li sai tau hais txog tus yam ntxwv ntawm ntau cov cheeb tsam ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Zog ntawm Guj kuj Xwm tshwm sim rau tus nyeem ntawv nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov xim, ntxoov thiab variations.

State arctic suab puam

Lavxias teb sab Arctic deserts muaj xws li cov yam ntxwv nta raws li lossis loj nyiaj ntawm cov dej khov thiab daus, raws li zoo raws li zoo huab cua noo nruab nrab yog 85%.

Nyob rau hauv lub arctic suab puam tsam yog cov Tshiab Siberian Islands tuaj, Tshiab thiab Severnaya Zemlya thiab Franz Josef av. Kuj ceeb tias, tab sis qhov ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog hais tias muaj yuav luag tsis muaj marshes, cov pas dej thiab xau yog ncov qaumteb qabteb suab puam thiab saline xau nrog tsawg humus cov ntsiab lus.

Cov zaub hau yog sib thiab es cov neeg pluag. Ntau zaus tshaj tsis muaj kom tau raws li lub mosses, Lichens thiab algae. Tab sis kuj yuav saib saxifrage, arctic poppy, cereals, ice buttercup, Chickweed, ncov qaumteb qabteb willow, arctic Bluegrass pickerel thiab kuj tsis yooj yim.

Fauna yog tseem txom nyem nyob rau hauv hom. Raws li txoj cai, feem ntau nrov ntawm cov inhabitants yuav hu ua ib tug los daus plas, lemmings, arctic hma liab, reindeer, dais thiab ptarmigan.

Tab sis nyob rau tus mob rocky shores koj yuav saib tau lub ntau zes seabirds.

Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau zaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas los khaws cia rau qhov xwm ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no. Ntxiv mus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias nws yuav tsum tau ua sai li sai tau, txwv tsis pub koj yuav mus tas li poob tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov cim nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws, tundra?

tundra tsam yog nyob mas raws ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Arctic hiav txwv. Nws yog ib tug ib ncig ntawm muaj zog cua, khaub thuas, ncov qaumteb qabteb hnub thiab hmo ntuj, thiab ib tug zoo huab.

Ntawm no yog lub hnyav thiab ntev lub caij ntuj no (8-9 lub hlis), tab sis lub caij ntuj sov - luv luv thiab txias. Feem ntau uas kub yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg Esxias tundra ncav tsis cuag txawm 52 ° C. Hais txog 70% ntawm tag nrho ib ncig ntawm lub waterlogged tundra. Qhov no tshwm sim vim lub qhov long-term khov ntawm cov av.

Nyob rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug hluas tiaj teb xwb sab qab teb ntawm muaj cuam kawb struts, ridges thiab toj ntawm glacial keeb kwm. Lub ntiaj teb nto yog yuav luag tag tundra dotted nrog ntiav pas dej.

Raws li rau tus muaj, nws puag daim ntawv Lichens, mosses, thiab ntau yam uas tsis muaj-loj hlob nroj tsuag (nyom, fab, cov shrubs). Cov nram qab no hom yog tshwj xeeb yog ib qho: ntsias birch, willow, Alder, sedge, cranberries.

Nyob rau hauv kev, peb nco ntsoov tias lub tundra yog muab faib ua peb thiaj li hu ua sub-aav: arctic, Lichen, ntxhuab, yav qab teb tsob nroj.

Yam ntxwv nta ntawm lub hav zoov-tundra

Tundra yog ib tsam qhov twg tundra maj pib tsiv mus nyob rau cov ntoo. Thaum no tus taw tes, qhov xwm ntawm Russia, lub geography ntawm lub cheeb tsam nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ua ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm, yog heev ntau haiv neeg. Nws cov yam ntxwv nta - qhov thiaj li hu ua kob sib forests nyob rau lub watershed thiab muaj feem ntau ntawm Siberian spruce, larch thiab birch.

Qhov no sparseness forests to taub hnyav kev nyab xeeb tej yam kev mob, txawm hais tias no lub caij ntuj sov yog npaum li cas rhaub dua lub tundra, thiab cov cua ceev npaum li cas qis.

Lwm feature ntawm lub hav zoov-tundra yog pom tias yuav muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm sphagnum peat bogs.

Hais txog 9 lub hlis ntawm cheeb tsam no yog them nrog daus. Lub caij ntuj sov hav dej slopes no pab no variegated thiab cov yeeb yuj meadows. Txhua qhov txhia chaw loj hlob buttercup, valerian thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub zos meadows pab raws li ib tug zoo kawg li pasture rau reindeer. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam nyob yog suav tias yog ib qho zoo heev vaj tse rau ntau yam tsiaj (feem ntau yog cov hma liab thiab lemmings) thiab noog.

Ntawm no ib tug yuav tau yooj yim nrhiav tau ib tug ntau yam ntawm Waterfowl: us, ducks thiab kuab. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no cov noog yog tseem heev ob peb - tsuas ib tug dawb plas thiab ptarmigan.

tsis kawg taiga

taiga tsam nyob rau hauv Russia occupies qhov loj tshaj plaws cheeb tsam ntawm cov seem tej yam ntuj tso chaw. Nws stretches ntawm cov Western ciam teb ntawm Russia mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv ntawm Nyiv. Ib thaj nyuag nyob rau hauv lub subarctic taiga, thiab cov temperate kev nyab xeeb cheeb tsam.

Qhov no yog qhov chaw uas muaj ntau yam dej ntws xeeb Russia, piv txwv li, lub Volga, Vyatka, Onega, Kama, Lena, Vasyugan, pur, Taz, Viluy thiab lwm tus neeg.

No tsam yog yus muaj los ntawm qhov kuaj pom ntawm ntau nraum, hauv qab av, cov pas dej, loj reservoirs. Lub ntsiab yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub taiga forests raws li tej teeb coniferous thiab coniferous. Nyob ib ncig ntawm tus thawj raws li larch, cia li rau ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov ntoo thuv, spruce, fir thiab cedar ntoo.

Cov hav zoov nyob coob txaus yog nyob meadows thiab ntau yam swamps.

Koj yog cov ua tau xav nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj qus Russia? Siberia - qhov no yog qhov chaw, qhov twg nws yog tsim nyog los mus. Lub fauna yog heev ntau yam. Richer fauna sab hnub tuaj taiga, qhov twg ib tug yuav tau yooj yim saib grouse, sable, pob zeb ntoo-grouse, Waterfowl, xim av dais, wolverine, nas, lynx, elk thiab luav.

Tu siab, niaj hnub no muaj yog ib tug active logging nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Yuav ua li cas kom txuag tau tus xwm ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no tseem zoo unsolved paub tsis meej.

Thiab mixed deciduous forests ntawm lub teb chaws

Lub cheeb tsam ntawm mixed thiab deciduous forests piv nrog rau taiga yog npaum li cas rhaub, wetter. Ntawm no ib tug ntev thiab sov summers, thiab winters yog tsis heev hnyav, hais tias, los ntawm txoj kev, nyiam tshwm sim los ntawm xws li ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm broad-leaved ntoo.

Nco ntsoov tias no tus dej nplua mias nyob rau hauv dej, thiab yog li ntawd, waterlogged xau yog tsawg heev li. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov cheeb tsam no yog yus muaj los ntawm sod-podzolic thiab xim av hav zoov av, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv minerals.

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau qhov forests yog ntoo qhib, spruce, Maple, Basswood, ntoo thuv, ntoo tshauv, hazel, Korean ntoo thuv, birch, Aspen thiab lov tas vau.

Xwm ntawm central Russia yog heev lub siab dawb siab nrog nws cov inhabitants. Rau hnub tim, muaj nyob rau hauv tsiaj loj xws li nyuj qus, elk, hma, npua teb qus, hma, marten, loir thiab muskrat. Ntawm cov noog yuav pom oriole, Dubonosov, txiv quav miv thiab lwm tus neeg.

Tu siab, muaj ntau ntau hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov tsiaj uas nyob hauv lub Far East, thiab tov deciduous hav zoov yog cov tsis tshua scanty, yog hais tias tsis ploj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov qus nws yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom tau raws li lub sika mos lwj thiab Amur tsov, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siab tshaj, koj feem ntau yuav yuav nrhiav tsis tau ntau tshaj ib tug yeej muaj tseeb ginseng.

Lavxias teb sab steppe

Steppe cheeb tsam yog ib yam ntawm cov kev hloov ntawm lub hav zoov thiab steppe. Ntawm no deciduous, me me-leaved thiab ntoo thuv forests nyob qhov grey xau lwm nrog forb tiaj nyom steppes tsim ncaj qha rau ntawm cov dub lub ntiaj teb.

Lavxias teb sab qhov nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no yog muab faib mus rau hauv thaj thiab sab hnub tuaj steppe. Cov toj thiab nram hav yog sib cais los ntawm heev heev ravines thiab gullies.

Ntawm no, qhov txhia chaw prevails ntoo qhib, tej zaum muaj cov birch ntoo, tshuaj ntsuab, nplej. Nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov yog ib lub tsev mus rau ib tug pejxeem loj, muaj yog cultivated nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau thiab kev cov qoob loo.

steppe cheeb tsam

Steppe cheeb tsam yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug qhuav lub caij ntuj sov, lub caij ntuj no thiab khaub thuas coj los nag. Hais txog ib zaug txhua txhua peb lub xyoos rau ib ntev lub sij hawm ntawm tag nrho cov tsis muaj nag, thiab chaw pib los txog rau loj heev drought.

Ib tug yam ntxwv feature yog qhov uas tsis forests steppe cheeb tsam. Ua ntej plowing steppe thaj chaw no qhov txhia chaw tau ntsib herbaceous nroj tsuag nrog ib tug predominance ntawm plaub nyom, Bluegrass, fescue, qus oats. Tam sim no qhov teeb meem no tau hloov thiab hmoov tsis tsis rau lub zoo dua.

Cov xau nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm lub steppe cheeb tsam yog raug dub lub ntiaj teb. Ntawm no qhov txhia chaw nyob nas yog cov feem ntau Gophers, marmots, tias nas, teb nas, hamsters. Lawv pub on ferrets, hma, weasels. Ntawm cov noog uas koj yuav saib tau eagles, larks thiab demoiselle.

Rau hnub tim nws yog lub feem ntau mastered steppe neeg. Nws yog rightly suav hais tias yog lub ntsiab ua liaj ua teb cheeb tsam.

Cheeb tsam ntawm deserts thiab semi-deserts

Semi-suab puam thiab suab puam tuav nyob rau hauv Russia yog ib tug heev me me cheeb tsam uas yog heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub txwv ntawm lub Caspian kev nyuaj siab.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov no yog qhov chaw uas muaj lub siab tshaj plaws qib ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua txhua xyoo hnub ci tawg (120 kcal / cm ^2).

Lub caij ntuj sov yog kub, tab sis lub caij ntuj no - txias thiab los daus. No tsam yog yus muaj los ntawm zonal teeb xim av av, nyom-wormwood nroj tsuag, ntsev licks thiab semi-tsau xuab zeb chaw.

Ntawm no nyob rau hauv loj loj tus xov tooj loj hlob Wheatgrass, fescue, crested, xiav-ntsuab algae, feather-plaub hau-cab, thiab lwm tus neeg.

Ntawm cov tsiaj muaj ntau ntau nas thiab yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau jerboa, nas ceg ntev, av squirrels, thiab luav. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov suab puam thiab semi-suab puam thaj tsam inhabited los ntawm hma, hma, ferrets thiab badgers.