Comparative tsom xam ntawm cov kwv huam ntawm Pushkin thiab Lermontov, Tiutchev thiab feta

Cov paj huam ntawm lub classics ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv - yog tus yuam sij rau kev totaub txog peb tus kheej, mus nrhiav txoj cai cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no. Ntawm cov paj huam yuav paub qhov txawv cov neeg nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej ua hauj lwm tau zoo li txhua lwm yam, thiab cov uas twb muaj tseeb opposites. Tus thawj pab lawv to taub thiab nrhiav tau rau lawv tus kheej tej ntsiab lus. Ob, ua tsaug rau qhov kev ua si, ua rau contrasts, vim lub dissimilarity cov cim, cwj pwm, sentiments yuam kom nug tag nrho cov tshiab thiab tawm tej teeb meem. Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm yuav muaj ib tug sib piv tsom xam ntawm cov kwv huam yog cov sau phau ntawv: AS Pushkin thiab KUV Lermontov thiab FI Tiutchev thiab AA Feta.

"Tus Yaj Saub" AS Pushkin

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav objectively muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev sib txawv nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin thiab Lermontov, nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog cov kev taw qhia ntawm lawv poetic ua hauj lwm nyias los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Qhov no yuav pab nto moo tshaj plaws zaj paj huam ntawm ob paj huam mob siab rau tib lub ntsiab, qhov twg qhov txawv los tawm feem ntau kom meej meej.

Piv txwv li, tus naas ej "yawm tus saub" ntawm Alexander, pib nrog cov lus "quaj los kuamuag vim sab ntsuj plig kev nqhis nyob rau hauv cov suab puam, kuv eked tawm ib tug grim ...", nphav, zoo li lub eponymous zaj paj huam Lermontov npe nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm paj huam thiab cov kws sau paj lug qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg. Txawm li cas los, cov ua hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin tau sau ua ntej - nyob rau hauv 1826 thaum lub sij hawm nws exile nyob rau hauv Mikhailovskoye, thaum Mikhail tau tsim nws tus kheej "yaj saub" xwb nyob rau hauv 1841.

Paj Huam los ntawm Alexander Sergeyevich permeated lub tswv yim ntawm rebirth dog dig tus neeg mus rau ib tug kws sau paj lug - ib yam ntawm cov ncauj npog ncig sab ntawm Vajtswv thiab nws lub suab yuav nyob hauv ntiaj teb, pab tau lawv tus kheej rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tireless enlightenment thiab kev tshoov siab ntawm noob neej kom ua zoo, qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Metamorphosis rebirth mob heev thiab tsis kaj siab, tiam sis kom lawv - ib tug lub luag hauj lwm "ntawm tus yaj saub." Thaum cov kev qhia ntawv ntawm tus tswv qhia lub cim tseem ceeb: "qhia txog kev ua hlawv lub siab ntawm cov neeg!". Ntawm no nws yog, lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj ntawm lub kws sau paj lug Pushkin xav.

Cov paj huam yog sau nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm lub Ode, lub sublime thiab tseem ceeb style, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau exalt lub nqi ntawm qhov tseem ceeb lub hom phiaj muab rau cov kws sau paj lug dua. Rau poetic tej hauj lwm yog yus muaj los ntawm heev heev epithets ( "sab ntsuj plig", "prazdnoslovny", "yaj saub", "txaj muag"), metaphors ( "qhov qhia txog kev hlawv", "ntuj shudder"), kev sib piv ( "zoo li ib tug neeg tuag nyob rau hauv cov suab puam, kuv twb dag," "yuav ua li cas ib tug ntshai dav dawb hau "). Nyob rau hauv kev, ib tug paj huam yog halo saum ntuj los, biblical tseeb cua, uas kuj txhawj xeeb vim tus heev heev staroslavyanizmy.

"Tus Yaj Saub" KUV Lermontov

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov paj huam, AS Pushkin, Mihaila Yureva ua hauj lwm, ib tug sib piv tsom xam uas yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau, muaj ib tug nkaus txawv ua kom pom tseeb. Ntawm no yog lub kws sau paj lug - tsis yog ib tug yaj saub, thiab cov haiv neeg saib tsis taus yuam kev. Nws, dhau lawm, raws li nyob rau hauv "Tus Yaj Saub" nyob rau hauv 1826, yog yug los pab neeg, tab sis tsis ntev yuav tau lawv. Cov laus cov txiv neej hu ua nws kev txaus siab "ruam" supposedly naïve uas txiav txim siab hais tias nws yog nws lub qhov ncauj hais rau tus Tswv, cov me nyuam - dhau los ntawm. Hluas raug kev txom nyem ntsuj plig ntawm ib tug kws sau paj lug nyob ib leeg, thiab nws txoj hmoo yog tragic. Tsuas xwm yuav siv sij hawm nws, vim hais tias nws coj kev kho mob ntawm tus creator: ntawm cov ntoo qhib forests thiab teb, nyob rau hauv lub shimmering brilliance ntawm cov hnub qub yuav tau raws li kev nkag siab ntawm lub kws sau paj lug.

Ib hom ntawv nyeem "Yaj Saub" Lermontov - lyrical lees txim. Sau tib yam li hais tias ntawm Pushkin lub iambic tetrameter, muaj tseem yog ib tug paj huam raws li yog hais unsaid, lov tawm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-kab lus raws li yog hais tias, zoo li Alexander, txawm hais tias tag nrho cov ntsiab twb yog hais.

Tam sim no nws yog lub sij hawm mus xav txog qhov ncaj comparative tsom xam ntawm "Yaj Saub" Pushkin thiab Lermontov. Cov tseem radically txawv lub ob tej hauj lwm los ntawm txhua lwm yam?

Comparative tsom xam ntawm cov kwv huam ntawm Pushkin thiab Lermontov

Raws li yuav pom los ntawm cov saum toj no tsom xam, Lermontov thiab Pushkin paj huam cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv muaj nuj nqis, yog hais tias tsis tsim, ib hom ntawv nyeem thiab cov ntsiab lus. Txawm hais tias lyrical cim ntawm ob tej hauj lwm - nws yog tsis lees txais thiab cov leeg tug tswv cuab ntawm cov haiv neeg, tsis tau Alexander Sergeyevich nws khaws cia siab tias yuav hloov qhov teeb meem no, vim hais tias mus hnov ib tug ntshiab kev qhia los ntawm saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, pom ib tug tim tswv tuaj rau nws raws li ib tug tub txib, thiab yog Consolidated nyob rau hauv txoj kev paub hais tias nws cov ntaub ntawv dawb huv.

Comparative tsom xam ntawm lub "Yaj Saub" Pushkin thiab Lermontov kuj qhia tias cov lyrical hero ntawm Lermontov lub paj huam, uas ciali mus yuav ib tug continuation ntawm dab tsi kom tsis txhob Alexander, tragic thiab txawm poob lawm. Cov cim qhia tias yog rau nws raws li ib tug neeg mloog lus xwm, indirect thiab tsis tau saib nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm Vajtswv lub direct cov lus. Los ntawm no tag nrho yog coj, lub meej tsis sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg, uas peb tsis tau raws li nyob rau Alexander Pushkin: kws sau paj lug Lermontov tsis meej pem, poob lub coj hnub qub thiab yuam kom wander nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj.

Yog li, ib tug sib piv tsom xam ntawm lub "Yaj Saub" Pushkin thiab Lermontov proves dab tsi yog fundamentally sib txawv worldviews twb paj huam. Lawv disparate views yog thaws rov los cia nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov ob sau phau ntawv uas muaj tswv yim cov khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, sau ntawv heev yeeb yuj Nkij los txuam rau txhua lwm yam.

creativity AA feta

Yuav kom siv tau ib tug ntau comparative tsom xam, xa mus rau cov kev ua ub Afanasiya Afanasevicha Feta. Innovator nyob rau hauv cov paj huam, tus txiv neej no hnub no ranked nyob hauv lub classics ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw. Qhov tseeb lub paj huam - yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov feem ntau kom zoo zoo thiab hloov maj mam lyricism, combines lub nplhaib ntawm tus duab thiab tob ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Mas rau Afanasevicha Athanasius yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm lub slightest impulse ntawm tus ntsuj plig thiab lub siab ntsws lub xeev, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov uas nws lossi yeej daim ntawv no, liberating thiab hloov nws mus rau ib tug sib txawv style mus rau kis los ntawm nws tag nrho ntxoov ntawm txoj kev xav. Xwm feta maximally humanized, uas yog tiav vim ntau yam avatars: tus nyeem ntawv muaj cov "quaj" nyom, "poj ntsuam xiav" tsaug zog "Txhua ceg" ntoo.

Nws yog xav paub hais tias ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau nto moo kwv huam ntawm AA Feta hu ua "Ntxhi, txaj muag ua tsis taus pa ..." yog sau nkaus tsis muaj kev siv ntawm verbs, txawm hais tias nws yuav zoo li hais tias qhov no yog ib feem ntawm tus hais lus Teshaujlwm ua rau txhua hom lus. Thaj, lub FET txiav txim siab yuav las mees los yog tsis kam ua qhov kev thov thiab tso qhov kev txiav txim. Los ntawm kev siv ntawm mere adjectives thiab npe nws tau tsim ib tug tiag tiag anthem ntawm xwm thiab kev hlub.

Style thiab Poetics FI Tiutchev

Tsis zoo li feta, kwv huam Tyutchev - ib tug heev philosophic lyrics. Lawv tsis yooj yim xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Athanasius Afanasevicha, tab sis pom psychology uas manifests nws tus kheej txawm nyob rau hauv lub toj roob hauv pes duab. Lub nyiam pab kiag li lawm yog li no antithesis (contrasting) raws li zoo raws li lub siv ntawm ntau yam verbs thiab conjunctionless lug, tsim dynamic kev txiav txim thiab zajlus txoj kev loj hlob kev ua si hauv lub khoom. Tiutchev lub verses qhia tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li uas ntawm feta, mloog mus rau cov tib neeg tus neeg thiab lub slightest taw ntawm nws tus plig.

Comparative tsom xam ntawm cov kwv huam thiab yeej ntawm feta thiab Tiutchev

Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov paj huam nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nam, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias, rau Tiutchev ntau tshaj feta, yam ntxwv tseeb ntawm tus tragic sau ntawv thiab motives. Nws yog yuav hais tias qhov no yog vim lub biography ntawm lub txawj sau ntawv, uas muaj ib tug yawm kev, tab sis tu siab txoj kev hlub rau ib tug poj niam hu ua Elena Aleksandrovna Deniseva, kev sib txuas lus yuav yog ib tug ua txhaum nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm haiv neeg thiab yog lossi blasphemed. Paj Huam "Denisevskogo voj voog", piv txwv li, Silentium!, "Oh, yuav ua li cas peb txoj kev hlub yog murderous ..." thiab lwm tus neeg, yog cov feem ntau kov ub kov no nyob rau hauv lub kws sau paj lug kev ua hauj lwm, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsis poob lub siab tu siab.

creativity AA Feta Lyubov kuj tau ib tug tseem ceeb feem. Poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog ib tug hluas nkauj los ntawm ib tug neeg txom nyem tsev neeg, qhov tseeb yog cov neeg pluag thiab yuav tsis muab nws dab tsi tab sis nws txoj kev xav. Tsis ntev, txawm li cas los, nws tuag tragically. Qhov tseeb nqa lub cim xeeb ntawm nws tag nrho nws lub neej, thiab nws tus kheej ua hauj lwm, tab sis, tsis zoo li Tiutchev, tus puas paub nyob rau hauv nws zoo xav thiab cwj pwm txawv uas tau ua nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm inspirational, tag nrho ntawm lub neej kwv huam zoo li "Kuv tuaj rau koj nrog txais tos" "Tej zaum hmo ntuj" thiab lwm tus neeg.