Aleksandr Tvardovsky, "Vasily Terkin": ib hom ntawv nyeem, txoj kev

Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo tej hauj lwm ntawm tsis tsuas yog domestic tab sis kuj lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv sau ntawv yog Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin". Feature ntawm no ua hauj lwm - ib tug paj huam. Nws nyiam zoo muaj koob meej ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv, thiab hnub no yog ib tug zoo piv txwv ntawm cov tub rog lyrics.

Hais txog qhov kev sau ntawv

Aleksandr Tvardovsky (1910-1971) tuaj los ntawm ib tug yooj yim lub zos neeg pluag tsev neeg. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum tsib nws pib mus rau sau luv luv kwv huam nyob rau hauv ib lub zos ntawv xov xwm. Nto moo kws sau paj lug M. Isakovsky pom zoo nws sau thiab tau los ua ib tug neeg cob rau lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm tus naas ej sau. Nyob rau hauv 1930 Twardowski sau ob peb cov kwv huam thiab luam tawm ib phau ntawm cov kwv huam. Nws yog tseem ceeb uas, txawm lub fact tias nws tsev neeg thiab cov txheeb ze ntawm cov neeg raug nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm collectivization, Aleksandr Tvardovsky nyob rau hauv ob peb ntawm nws tej hauj lwm xwm cov neeg sab nrauv txoj nyob rau hauv lub zos nyob rau hauv ib tug heev zoo lub teeb. Ua ntej tsov rog nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad ntawv xov xwm, uas thawj luam tawm nws thawj luv luv me ntsis paj huam hais txog leej twg rau yav tom ntej los ua nto moo Vasily Terkin. Thaum lub sib ntaus sib tua pib, lub kws sau paj lug mus rau pem hauv ntej, thiab rau tag nrho cov tsov rog xyoo yog maj tsim nws nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm, uas tau coj nws lub koob meej-Union.

creation

Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo tej hauj lwm ua tsov ua rog ntsiab yog "Vasily Terkin". Ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm nplooj ntawv sib phim tus sau lub tswv yim: los ua ib tug tiag tiag lub teb chaws hero, uas yuav tsum tau to taub thiab siv tau rau txhua leej txhua tus. Yog li ntawd nws sau tau nws tsab ntawv raws li ib tug paj huam, ib tug fighter, ib tug yooj yim tub rog, uas mus los ntawm tag nrho kev tsov kev rog. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias muaj tsis muaj meej, txawm li cas los, cov ntawv nyeem paub ib co battles: tus tawm ntawm Soviet troops thaum pib ntawm tsov rog, cov sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub Volga, Dnieper. Tus thawj tshooj raug luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm lub Western Pem hauv ntej thiab twb nrov heev ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv.

nta

Artwork Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin", ib hom ntawv nyeem uas yog, nyob rau hauv tus, yog tsoos rau tus kws sau paj lug, txawm tus thuam ntawm tog censorship tau ua thiaj li nrov vim lub fact tias tus sau tau xaiv raws li nws lub cim tseem ceeb no tsis yog lub cov neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov hais kom ua los yog cov neeg sab nrauv coj noj coj ua thiab qhov dog dig tus neeg nyob rau hauv cov duab uas txhua tus tub rog ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog tej zaum yuav nrhiav tau nws tus kheej. Terkin - yog ib tug collective duab ntawm cov tub rog, thiab tsis muaj yog vim li cas thaum twg tus sau stresses lub typicality ntawm tus hero, nws khiav.

Essay "Vasily Terkin", ib hom ntawv nyeem uas tau tso cai rau kws sau paj lug yog tus yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau qhia lawv kev xav rau ntawm daim ntawv, sau ntawv nyob rau hauv mus siv cuag lus. Twardowski ulterior vim li cas sau nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug paj huam. Lub fact tias qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem presupposes ib tug lyric-epic motifs thiab loj narrative nyob rau hauv nqe vaj lug kub rau daim ntawv. Thiab yog ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm lawm tiag tiag epic nyob rau hauv ntsuj plig, vim captures tus ntsuj plig thiab mus ob peb vas ntawm tsis tsuas yog cov tub rog ntawm lub Soviet Army, tab sis kuj rau tag nrho cov teb chaws thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog.

pej xeem motifs

Favorite sau phau ntawv ib hom ntawv nyeem yog tsis lo. Paj Huam Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin" ze nyob rau hauv lawv cov lus, lub suab thiab ntsuj plig ntawm dab neeg, thiab, raws li peb paub, qhov no nqe daim ntawv nyuam qhuav pib, thiab muaj yog raws li ib tug pej xeem epic zaj nkauj, raws li ib yam ntawm cov lus dab neeg, zaj dab neeg ntawm tej heroic kev tshwm sim. Thiab tus sau yuav tsum tau tag nrho txoj ntsiab cai no: nws nkawd yuav txhob txwm tshaj tawm tsis kam sau ntawv thiab lus contrivances thiab qhia nws lub tswv yim yog heev yooj yim, cov lus, zoo li tus ib tug dab tsi yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm ancient zaj nkauj sau paj huam. Qhov no daim ntawv tso cai rau nws mus qiv ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg hais lus. Paj Huam Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin" yuav tsum tau raws li ib txwm lus dab neeg. Nws yog tag nrho ntawm lus sib dhos, sayings, paj lug, thiab ib co ntawm cov nqe lus thiab kab zauv ntawm lub tag nrho ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv lem, los ua phraseology, uas qhia rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws degree ntawm muaj koob meej ntawm tus hero.

muaj pes tsawg leeg

Cov paj huam "Vasily Terkin", cov ntsiab lus ntawm uas yog yeej tseem zoo ib tu tub tu kiv ntawm ib tug tub rog lub neej, los ua kom zoo txog kev nyeem ntawv, precisely vim hais tias nws yog ib tug heev sov thiab kov ub kov no daim duab xim tsev ib pa nyuaj wartime. Cov khoom muaj peb caug tshooj, tus sau phau ntawv lub prologue thiab epilogue; Txawm li cas los, cov kws sau paj lug ib zaug thaum pib qhia hais tias nws phau ntawv muaj nuj nqis pib tsis kawg. Qhov no lub tswv yim tseem yog nws npaj feem cov ntsiab lus ntawm infinity ntawm lub sij hawm, nyob rau qhov ntev txoj kev ntawm lub neej thiab kev tuag. Nws muab ib tug tshwj xeeb philosophical kev txiav txim zoo ntawm cov khoom, yuam tus nyeem ntawv yuav tau xav txog txoj hmoo ntawm cov neeg nyuaj siab, hais txog kev nyuaj siab ntawm kev tsov kev rog. Lub taub hau ntawm "Hla" rightly paub los ntawm feem ntau critics thiab lub ntsiab central ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm.

cov ntsiab lus

Txhua zaj yog nplooj siab rau ib tug rov los ntawm lub neej ntawm tus hlub hero. Thiab tus sau tsis tsom rau cov duab ntawm lub heroic exploits ntawm cov ua cim on qhov tsis tooj, nws feem ntau qhia nws nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm twj ywm, thaum lub sij hawm hloov, chaw nres tsheb ntau ntau thiab thiaj li nyob. Lub ntsiab ntawm lub paj huam "Vasily Terkin" - qhov no duab yooj yim tub rog lub neej, uas, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub horrors ua tsov ua rog, tsis poob zoo thiab txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv yeej. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau nyuaj tshwm sim, nws yeej tsis poob siab, thiab poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog tus nyeem ntawv.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov chaw ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog cov nram no: ib tug piav qhia ntawm lub feat Terkina thaum lub sij hawm hla, nws sib ntaus sib tua nrog tuag, ib tug cim cov duab nyob rau hauv pass, ib tug rov ntawm lub downed dav hlau, tus hero noj su nrog ib tug laus tub rog. Nyob rau hauv cov scenes, tus sau nws qhia nws tus cwj pwm los ntawm ces kaum sib txawv: nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov tshooj, nws zoo nkaus li txawj nyeem ntawv nyob rau hauv coj los rau lub sijhawm zoo li no los ntawm kev uas dhau txhiab ntawm Soviet cov tub rog.

zaj dabneeg

Ntawm no Terkin ua luam dej hla lub hws khov dej mus rau kev ib qho tseem ceeb cov lus hais txog qhov chaw ntawm tus yeeb ncuab thiab cov kev ua ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog. Tus sau tsis hais txog cov heroism ntawm no txoj cai, nyob rau lwm yam tes, nws qhia txog cov scene nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas tus nyeem ntawv to taub tias nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev yuav ua li cas muaj lwm yam tub rog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw Terkina. Nyob rau hauv no specification, raws li, tseeb, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov paj huam, kom meej meej hnov lub suab ntawm tus sau, uas, raws li nws invisibly tam sim no nyob rau scene piav, muab lawv kev xav, cov lus, ua li cas, thiab hais tias muab cov narrative authenticity thiab validity.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub daim duab ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv Twardowski guessed: nws tsis tseg nkag mus rau rau hauv ib tug sib tham nrog nws tus cwj pwm, koj lem mus rau nws nrog rau ntau yam lus nug, nws qhia nws pab koj tu siab los yog admiration rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv tshooj "Nyob rau ib tug halt" muaj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sov cwj pwm ntawm cov kws sau paj lug rau nws cov hero. Tus sau cim Terkina nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau heev thiab coj ib puag ncig rau cov tub rog 'so, nrog ib tug accordion nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes. Tej zaum nws yog ib qhov duab ntawm cov ua cim yog tshwj xeeb yog fond ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv, raws li cov hnub rov qab mus rau lub txwm notions ntawm zoo tib yam zog ua hauj lwm peasants, uas nyob rau hauv ib tug lub sij hawm ntawd so hu nkauj thiab ua lub harmonica. Tsis muaj zem ib tug ntawm cov monuments ntawm Basil yog portrayed raws li ib tug accordionist.

duab

Nyob rau hauv cov tshooj nyob rau Terkina sib tham nrog ib tug laus tub rog, Twardowski dua qhia tau hais tias nws ua cim nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim ib puag ncig, ntawm cov peasants, uas ib zaug dua theem nws los ze zog mus rau lub neeg. Ob leeg tub rog tham txog tsov rog thiab qhov kev sib tham sai li sai tau nrhiav ib qho lus. Qhov no yog qhov txawv feature ntawm tus hero: peb txog qhov twg nws mus, nws tam sim ntawd pom ib qho lus nrog lwm tus neeg. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus kws sau paj lug yuav tsis las mees cov tub rog tau ntawm nws hero: nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub rov nrog tus hla nws muaj, piv txwv li, tua cia tus yeeb ncuab dav hlau. Noteworthy yog yuav ua li cas rau tus neeg sau piav txog tus kawg rov hais tias lub dav hlau twb xuas phom tua cia raws nraim Terkina, tus nyeem ntawv paub tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub kawg, thaum qhov hais kom ua pib mus nrhiav ib tug hero. Yog li, lub tsim duab Twardowski pej xeem hero Vasiliya Terkina ua tau nruab nrab yog tag nrho cov neeg nyob rau hauv nws lub ntsej muag.

ntsuam xyuas

Folk epic justifiably tau txais universal paub. Nws mas qhuas los ntawm xws li eminent sau ntawv zoo li Pasternak, Fadeev, Bunin. Txawj nyeem ntawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov fundamentals ntawv mus rau tus sau nug mus ntxiv. Thiab tsuas yog tus censorship pawg neeg yog tsis zoo siab hais tias Twardowski tsis qhia nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev tog. Txawm li cas los, tus sau nws tus kheej txais hais tias xws li derogations yuav ua txhaum tag nrho cov tswv yim ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm, thiab thiaj li nyob rau ntawm koj tus kheej uas yuav txuas ntxiv mus sau nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv uas xav tias nws tsim nyog. Raws li ib tug tsis ntev los no daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov paj huam twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub saum toj feem ntau lug nyeem tej hauj lwm soj ntsuam nrog cov tub rog tej teeb meem. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm thiab tabtom nrov nyob rau hauv peb hnub.