Cov ntaub ntawv qhia - nws yog dab tsi? Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv

Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem tawm los ntawm txhua qhov chaw - xov xwm, blogs, tus kheej kev paub, cov phau ntawv, cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv xov xwm, cov tswv yim pom zoo, encyclopedias thiab cov chaw lom zem. Txhua qhov ntawm cov kev pab no tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog cov ntaub ntawv qhia.

Cov lus qhia yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv uas peb tabtom sim tau los ua cov lus teb rau peb cov lus nug. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus teb yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb cov lus nug peb nug. Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no ntau dua thiab ntau dua tau xa mus rau hauv Internet, uas yog ntuj tsim. Yuav ua li cas yog cov qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv feem ntau?

Phau ntawv xov xwm

Phau ntawv xov xwm yog ib phau ntawm cov khoom thiab cov duab nyob rau ntau yam ntsiab lus nrov, nrog rau cov kev tshwm sim tam sim no. Raws li txoj cai, cov ntawv sau no yog sau los ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm los yog cov kws tshawb fawb thiab raug tsom rau tus neeg laus laus. Dab tsi siv phau ceev xwm txheej yog siv?

• Xav paub txog xov xwm lossis tswvyim txog kev coj noj coj ua;
• Yuav nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshiab txog cov xwm txheej tam sim no;
• Nyeem cov xwm txheej rau cov tib neeg uas tsis yog cov kws tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws hauv nqe lus no.

Cov phau ntawv Magazine tau npog cov khoom loj heev thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb nqaim. Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias kev nkag tau mus rau hom kev qhia no yog qhib rau txhua tus, lawv feem ntau tsuas yog kev txaus siab rau ib pab pawg ntawm cov neeg xwb. Xws li phau ntawv sau tseg yog sau txog cov khoom sau, raws li txoj cai, cov kws tshawb fawb hauv kev kawm lossis kev ua haujlwm. Cov editorial saib xyuas cov khoom los txiav txim seb lawv yuav tsum tau txais. Cov khoom nyob rau hauv txhua phau ntawv tuaj yeem hais txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los yog cov chaw tshawb fawb nqaim. Tej ntaub ntawv kev pab (uas yog ib tug nqaim tau, tus piav yog tsis yuav tsum tau) yuav siv tau:

• Thaum ua kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb;
• Yog xav paub txog yam uas tau kawm hauv ib lub npe tshwj xeeb;
• Xav paub cov chaw uas taw rau lwm cov kev tshawb fawb txog lub ntsiab lus no.

Database

Lub database muaj quotes los ntawm cov khoom hauv cov ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv xov xwm. Lawv tuaj yeem muaj cov kev txuas mus rau podcasts, blogs, yeeb yaj duab thiab lwm hom xov xwm. Qee cov databases muaj cov ntsiab lus los yog luv luv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom, thaum lwm tus muaj cov ntawv nyeem. Tam sim no lawv zoo li cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob thiab siv tau los tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv dav dav thiab cov neeg tshwj xeeb.

Ntawv xov xwm

Cov ntawv xov xwm yog ib phau ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov txheej xwm tam sim no, feem ntau luam tawm txhua hnub. Txij li thaum lawv muab tawm tsawg kawg hauv ib lub nroog, qhov no yog ib qho chaw zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Dab tsi yog qhov ntawv xov xwm raws li ib qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv? Yog li, nws yuav pab:

• Xav paub txog cov ntaub ntawv thoob ntiaj teb, hauv lub tebchaws thiab hauv nroog;
• Nrhiav cov ntawv xov xwm, cov ncauj lus, cov kws muaj txuj ci lossis cov tswv yim nrov.

Catalogs

Catalogs yog cov txheej txheem cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov kev pab, uas txhua lub npe muaj ib lub npe thiab tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov npe. Cov phau ntawv teev keeb kwm yuav qhia txog qhov chaw ntawm ib qho chaw los yog ib pawg ntawm cov kev pab rau koj lub npe. Lawv tuaj yeem pab tau:

• Nrhiav kom paub seb qhov chaw qiv ntawv lossis lub vas sab twg muaj nyob hauv koj lub ncauj lus (niaj hnub no hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv zoo tshaj plaws, yog li ntawd, cov phau ntawv hnub no yog cov ntaub ntawv hauv Internet);
• Nrhiav qhov twg hauv ib qho khoom tshwj xeeb nyob hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv.

Phau ntawv

Phau ntawv npog yuav luag txhua lub ncauj lus thiab tuaj yeem ua rau ob qho scientific thiab artistic. Rau kev tshawb nrhiav, koj yuav xav tau cov phau ntawv uas coj los ua ke txhua cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib lub ncauj lus (los txhawb qhov kev sib cav lossis kev sib tw). Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov phau ntawv yog cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm online thiab offline. Lawv yuav tsum muaj:

• Thaum tshawb nrhiav ntau ntau cov lus qhia txog ntawm ib lub ncauj lus;
• Los sib piv ib lub ntsiab lus hauv cov ntsiab lus nrog rau lwm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb;
• Tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm;
• Nrhiav ntau yam kev sau thiab kev tshawb nrhiav tau.

Phau ntawv qhia Encyclopedia

Cov ntawv Encyclopedias yog sau cov ntaub ntawv luv luv, feem ntau yog sau los ntawm cov neeg koom sib txawv uas yog cov paub zoo hauv cov lus tshwj xeeb.

Muaj ob hom kev qhia ntau ntxiv: kev sib txuas lus thiab hom them. Cov phau ntawv sau npe siv tau nthuav dav me ntsis txog ntau yam ntsiab lus. Cov ntsiab lus kawm muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Lawv siv:

• Thaum tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lub ncauj lus;
• Thaum sim nrhiav cov tswv yim tseem ceeb, cov hnub tseem ceeb lossis cov tswv yim.

Cov websites

Lub tshuab tso cai rau koj mus saib tau ntau hom xov xwm hauv Internet los ntawm qhov browser. Ib qho ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm lub network yog qhov peev xwm ceev nrooj hu rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Lub web system muaj cov ntaub ntawv nyob hauv lwm hom, ntxiv rau cov ntawv nyeem, nrog rau cov suab, dluab thiab video. Yog li, cov chaw, xws li ntaub ntawv xov xwm hauv Internet, tuaj yeem muaj ntau hom ntawv thiab xav tau:

• Nrhiav cov lus qhia tseeb;
• Tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb;
• Yog xav kawm cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov tswv yim nyiam rau cov ncauj lus sib txawv;
• Ua haujlwm thiab nrhiav kev nyiam.

Yog li, koj tuaj yeem pom tias cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv muab siv ntau zaus hauv Internet hnub no. Yog vim li cas qhov no yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm World Wide Web, tab sis nws tau ua li ntawd ua ntej?

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov kev pab cuam hauv Internet

Lub tswvyim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub network tau hloov zuj zus thaum lub sij hawm keeb kwm ntawm Web tshawb nrhiav, pib ntawm lub tswv yim thaum ntxov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los yog cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv. Tam sim no, lub tswv yim no hais txog ib qho chaw uas yuav qhia tau, muaj npe thiab chaw nyob hauv Internet los sis hauv txhua qhov system.

Cov ntaub ntawv muab tswv yim - qhov no lub ntsiab lus txhais tau licas thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsim Tsa Network?

Thaum pib ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm qhov kev qhia hauv thaj chaw (1990-1994), xws li lub ntsiab lus tsis tau muaj. Cov vev xaib tau downloaded hauv lub Vev Xaib ntau dua los sis tsawg dua cov khoom siv, xws li hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv txuam nrog kev siv cov chaw tsis muaj qhov chaw (URLs). Lub vev xaib yog siv ua ib yam dab tsi uas yuav qhia tau. Kev qhia tau raug coj los ntawm ob txoj kev: los ntawm kev muab cov npe thiab chaw nyob, tom kawg yog nyob ntawm kev sib tham xwb. Lub sij hawm ntawd, qhov tsos ntawm qhov khoom hauv qhov URI, URL thiab URN tsis tau pom los ua ib qho kev qhia hauv daim ntawv niaj hnub no.

Nrog rau kev tsim kho hauv Internet technologies thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1990, cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv lub network tau hu ua txhua yam uas muaj keeb neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov tswvyim no muaj xws li ib tug hluav taws xob daim ntawv, ib tug duab, ib qhov kev pab (piv txwv li, huab cua as kaj online), raws li zoo raws li lub system ntawm lwm qhov chaw. Yog li, ib qho kev pab yuav nyob tau txawm tias nws cov ntsiab lus hloov dhau lub sijhawm, yog tias qhov kev xav tsis hloov nyob hauv tus txheej txheem.

RDF hom ntawv

Ua ntej tso tawm xyoo 1999, RDF tau tsim los qhia txog cov kev pab cuam, ua lwm yam lus, siv cov ntsiab lus kev sib txuas lus hauv kev coj noj coj ua. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm RDF qhov kev pab yog ib qho ntawm cov kev sib tw (cov ntsiab lus, qhov khoom, kwv yees, kwv) qhov twg qhov kev sib raug zoo yog qhov chaw uas yuav tsum raug piav qhia, piv txwv tias yog qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom muaj feem xyuam nrog cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom yog cov ntsiab lus los yog cov ntsiab lus .

Tus predicate nws tus kheej yog xam tias yog ib qho kev pab cuam thiab pom los ntawm URI. Yog li no, cov khoom xws li "npe" thiab "tus sau" sawv cev hauv RDF li cov kev pab cuam uas siv tau rov ua dua (raws li ib qho kev sib tw ntawm lwm qhov sib tw). Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no, xws li RDF dictionaries li RDFS, OWL thiab SKOS yuav sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev paub daws teeb meem - lawv cov chav kawm, cov khoom, cov tswv yim, thiab lwm yam, uas tau muab txhais hauv URI.

RDF tseem taw rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis qhia npe lossis nchuav node uas tsis yog mapped rau URI.

Siv cov HTTP URI

URLs, hauv HTTP URIs, feem ntau yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv kev paub ntaub ntawv. Txij li thaum URI identifiers yog txuam nrog rau cov HTTP raws tu qauv, muaj ib lo lus nug txog dab tsi zoo ntawm kev qhia kom paub yuav tsum tau rau cov kev pab zoo los ntawm cov raws tu qauv siv ib tug web browser thiab seb tus syntax ntawm tus PAS yuav pab tau differentiate nruab nrab ntawm "paub daws teeb" thiab "cov ntaub ntawv" cov kev pab? URI cov lus qhia tsis muab lus teb rau lo lus nug no. Nws tau pom tias HTTP URI yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev txheeb xyuas cov kev pab cuam hauv qhov kev nkag siab thawj zaug - piv txwv, cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv, los yog txhua hom kev qhia ntawv yuav tsum muaj lo lus tseem ceeb hauv nws lub npe.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov ntaub ntawv tsim tawm rau cov chaw?

Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev kawm txuj ci (thiab ntau lwm tus) dhau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sab nraud lossis sab hauv.

Cov ntaub ntawv sab nraud yog cov ntaub ntawv uas tau txais nyob sab nraud ntawm ib yam khoom thiab yog ib qho dav dav thoob ntiaj teb. Cov ntaub ntawv xws li feem ntau yuav ua tsis tiav thiab tsis sib haum xeeb. Ua ib qho piv txwv, koj tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv nyob hauv lub xeev ntawm kev ua lag luam, kev sib tw ua lag luam hauv ntau qhov chaw lag luam, ntau hom kev muag khoom thiab lwm yam.

Cov ntaub ntawv sab nraud tuaj yeem tau los ntawm qhov chaw xws li:

• Cov xov xwm - cov phau ntawv Magazine rau tej ntsiab lus, cov websites, ntawv xov xwm, thiab cov zoo li.
• Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus - piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm txog kev sib hloov nyiaj txiag thiab lub xeev ntawm kev ua lag luam txawv teb chaws nyob hauv Central Bank qhov website.
• Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb - hnub no rau nws daim ntawv foob siv cov kev tshawb fawb hauv Internet los yog ntau yam catalogs.
• Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm tsoomfwv cov koom haum - cov cai thiab cov zoo li no.

Internal cov ntaub ntawv yog cov ntaub ntawv tsim hauv ib lub koom haum lossis ib yam khoom. Qhov no muaj xws li, xws li, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev muaj nyiaj thiab cov kev pab hauv ib lub koom haum. Lwm cov piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no yuav pab tau ua lwm hom kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev laij leb.