Daim ntawv pov ntawm kev ua raws cai - nws yog rau cov ntaub ntawv? Yuav ua li cas mus saib hauv lub daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm conformity?

Feem ntau nyob rau hauv khoom ntim los yog nyob rau hauv lub TV thaum saib advertising yuav pom lub inscription: "Cov khoom no yog daim ntawv pov thawj." Ua li cas nws txhais li cas? Peb xav hais tias cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm conformity - nws yog ib tug guarantee hais tias tus mechanism yuav ua hauj lwm zoo thiab tsis muaj tej tshuaj txwv tsis pub? Yuav ua li cas mus thov kom tus neeg muag khoom nyob rau hauv khw ntawm khoom vaj khoom tsev, los xyuas kom meej qhov tsim nyog zoo ntawm cov khoom muag? Cia peb ua kom to taub cov teeb meem.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm conformity?

Cov no yog cov ntaub ntawv uas muab los ntawm tshwj xeeb lub cev tau kev tso cai ua li ntawd nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav paub meej tias qhov tseeb ntawm conformity ntawm cov khoom ntawm ib tug tej yam zoo. Daim ntawv yog txiav txim los ntawm tshwj xeeb lub cev. Ib tug coj daim ntawv hu ua "tshaj tawm ntawm Conformity". Zog ntawm Guj kuj muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub tsev kawm Gosstandart cov koom haum uas muaj cai tau txais cov tom qab muab cov ntaub ntawv no. State lees paub raws cai txhais tau tias lub koom haum yog ib feem ntawm ib tug system hu ua "GOST R". Uas lub cev uas tej zaum yuav muab daim ntawv pov ntawm conformity. Qhov no tsoom fwv cov koom haum uas tswj cov lub cev mus txog rau thiab kev siv ntawm cov kev cai rau ob lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus thiab sellers.

tsev kawm cov koom haum

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, muaj lwm yam systems uas yus muaj los ntawm lub vos yuav tsum. Yog li ntawd, MTBF, lub ntsiab lus lub system ntawm daim ntawv nrog hwm mus tua hluav taws kev ruaj ntseg, qhia kev ruaj ntseg uas yuav tsum tau ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tiv thaiv los ntawm ntau yam txhais tau tias.

Yog xav tau daim ntawv pov thawj conformity tso cai rau muab lub cev yuav tsum muaj qhov tsim nyog tsim nyog ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm, raws li zoo raws li ib tug xeem kuaj, uas yog txawm peem rau nrog txheem ntiaj teb no-chav kawm ntawv. Qhov no yog tsim nyog vim hais tias nws yuav tsum tau nqa tawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ntau yam khoom, xws li txawv teb chaws.

muaj kev ruaj ntseg uas yuav tsum tau

Nws yuav tsum tau to taub hais tias lub daim ntawv pov ntawm conformity - nws tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv ua tim khawv rau zoo. Nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv, muaj tsuas yog ib tug kev paub hais tias cov khoom raws li tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau teev los ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev cai lij choj. Piv txwv li, thaum nws los txog rau hluav taws xob engineering, yog thawj zaug uas los soj ntsuam kev ruaj ntseg cov kev cai, piv txwv li:

• yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ib tug uas yuav ntawm tej yam uas tam sim no;
• tsim ib tug tua hluav taws kev ruaj;
• pheej hmoo ntawm kev kub nyhiab, kev sib cais ntawm tshuaj lom roj;
• scorching cov plaub hau;
• raug mob;
• tawg;
• cuam.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv muaj neeg ua tim khawv thiab ua raws li nrog rau lwm cov ntawv pov thawj systems, xws li daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm conformity ISO (qhov no yog lub thoob ntiaj teb tus qauv). Ntxiv cov kev sib tham txog khoom vaj khoom tsev yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account electromagnetic compatibility. Nws yuav tshwm sim, piv txwv li, hais tias cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws khiav yog li ntawd cov neeg zej zog yuav tsis saib TV vim hais tias ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cuam ntawm qhov screen. Yog li, cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm conformity yuav tsum tau raws li nyob rau hauv kev ntawm lub sij hawm mus ua hauj lwm ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev pab kiag li lawm nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thiaj li tsis cuam tshuam nrog txhua lwm yam. Nws yog noteworthy tias cov domestic yuav tsum rau hluav taws xob khoom siv nruj dua cov nyob sab Europe sawv daws yuav.

Tsis tas li ntawd cov khoom siv yuav tsum ua raws li cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm kev tu cev. Tom qab tag nrho, mus rau lawv, xws li, ua noj los yog ntxuav cov khaub ncaws. raug cov ntaub ntawv, nyees khawm thiab txhua tsav txhua yam yuav tsum tau txawm rau tib neeg. Ib tug ntaus ntawv xws li tub yees, dua li yuav tsum tau raws li cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm cov hluav taws kev ruaj ntseg.

Tau ib tug daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm conformity yog tau tsuas yog tom qab cov khoom yuav raug kuaj ua nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb lub chaw soj nstuam. Thiab xwb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev vam meej kawm tiav thiab zoo tau ntawm cov khoom muab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Yeem muaj ntawv pov thawj: dab tsi yog qhov catch?

Tus txheej txheem no tsis yog tsuas yuav tsum tau, tab sis yeem. Yog hais tias lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus xav, nws yuav paub tseeb tias cov khoom tshaj tawm hais tias cov yam ntxwv. Ces nws thiaj yuav tau ib daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws cai txoj kev npaj rau lwm yam khoom. Qhov no txawv yog cim raws li "yeem". Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav tsum tau ceev faj tsis txhob tau li ntawd, thov cov kev pab cuam ntawm lub qhov yam ntxwv, cov khw uas ntsiag to txog cov loj. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj cov ua kom yuam kev, koj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog: nyob rau hauv daim ntawv yuav tsum tau qhia hais tias rau lub ntawv pov thawj zog.

qauv

Yuav kom to taub zoo dua thiab xyuas cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm conformity, nws tseem tau mus saib nyob rau ntawm nws cov qauv.

Yuav kom kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv kom meej. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm dab tsi yog sau nyob rau hauv lub header, peb xaus uas daim ntawv - ib tug daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws cai nrog GOST.

1. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib lub cim "State Standard ntawm Russia", lub cim ntawm conformity - yog nws emblem. Raws li nws yog tam sim no ntaus thwj tsis tau tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj lub ntim ntawm cov khoom, uas tau ntse dhau qhov ntawv pov thawj.
2. Ces koj yuav pom tus neeg daim ntawv pov thawj xov tooj. Nws yog rau nws tias yog sau npe nyob rau hauv lub tsim nyog register.
3. Tom qab ntawd, muaj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm conformity. Cov ntaub ntawv yog muab mus txog peb lub xyoos. Txawm li cas los, tej zaum nws yuav tsum tso tseg ua ntej ntawm lub sij hawm. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim yog hais tias tus tshiab kev ntsuam xyuas (uas yog muaj nyob rau txhua lub xyoo), qhia hais tias tsis yog ua raws cai. Thaum lub daim ntawv pov thawj yog muab los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom, nws ntxiv qhia cov ntau xov tooj, hnub tas sij hawm, loj, me, thiab lwm yam tsis.
4. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj lawv tus kheej ib tug neeg muaj pes tsawg tus. Yog hais tias lawv yog puas thaum sau, nws yuav tsum tau muab rhuav pov tseg nyob rau hauv ib tug txiav txim.
5. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv daim ntawv koj yuav nrhiav tau cov code ntawm qhov muab txoj cai. Nws assigns lub State Standard ntawm tag nrho cov koom haum uas tau undergone lub lees paub raws cai tus txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub code, qhia kom meej lub npe thiab chaw nyob.
6. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kev ua raws cai nrog GOST daim ntawv pov thawj muaj lub npe ntawm lub hom thiab cov qauv los yog hom ntawm cov khoom.
7. Muaj kuj yog ib tug code ntawm cov kev tag nrho-Lavxias teb sab kev faib thiab nomenclature HS.
8. Nyob rau hauv cov pawg lus ua raws li kev cai qhia kom meej uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev ruaj ntseg, kev tu cev thiab thiaj li nyob. Yog hais tias muaj ntawv pov thawj yog yeem, seem no yuav tsum tau kawm kom zoo, thiaj li tsis mus yuam kev.
9. Chaw nyob.
10. Test lus ceeb toom rau cov uas daim ntawv yog muab. Muaj yuav tsum tau teev cov lus thiab teev kev kuaj, thiab muaj xws li kev mus, yog tias muaj lwm muab ntawv pov thawj systems, los yog cov neeg uas tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws.
11. Kos npe ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub pov thawj lub cev, raws li zoo raws li cov kws muaj txuj uas tau ua qhov kev kuaj no, nyob rau hauv sab saum toj ntawm uas foob yog muab tso rau.

Xav txog ib co ntawm cov khoom nyias.

Hom, qauv los yog hom

Lub teeb qhia tib hom khoom ntawv. Piv txwv li, sau ib co yooj yim qauv ntawm lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws. Ntxiv mus, cov ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum haum rau lwm yam, ntau cov qauv, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus. Tab sis, yog hais tias ib co ntawm lawv xav tias ib ntsug load, thiab rau lwm yam - lub kab rov tav, ces, ntawm chav kawm, lawv ua tsis haum ib zaug xwb daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm conformity.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb mus rau ntsiab lub loj ntau lawm no. Tom qab tag nrho, peb rov qab hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tej zaum yuav muab ob qho tib si rau nws thiab rau ib qho consignment. Tus thawj txoj kev yog raug rau cov loj manufacturers, los yog rau cov kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Russia los yog muaj ib tug nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Lawv xa ib daim ntawv thov kom tau daim ntawv pov thawj conformity (Russia).

Tab sis yog hais tias tus lawm yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw txawv teb chaws, lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom muaj ib tug trading lub tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Hais tias nws siv rau ib daim ntawv. Ces, nws muab cov lus qhia txog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom uas muaj daim ntawv pov thawj raws li cov lus, qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm no tog.

Lawm, daim ntawv muab ntawm cov loj lawm yog tseem ceeb tshaj. Nws muaj ib tug validity ntawm 3 xyoo. Tab sis lwm yam tshaj li hais tias, qhov no hom ntawm ntawv pov thawj feem ntau yuav, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus kom tsim nyog kev soj ntsuam kuaj nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab mus ncig teb chaws tus kws mus rau qhov chaw nyob qhov twg cov khoom yog manufactured rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev soj ntsuam. Thaum lub sij hawm nws cov kws txawj soj ntsuam yuav ua li cas tswj yog siv ntau tshaj qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom, dab tsi yog qhov tej yam kev mob ntawm nws tso tawm, thiab lwm yam, uas yog teev nyob rau hauv lub pov thawj.

Code ntawm txawv teb chaws nyiaj txiag kev ua si

HS code yog nkag mus nyob rau hauv daim teb no. Nws yog ntawm kev txaus siab xwb tshwj xeeb txog teb. Zoo tib yam neeg tsis them sai sai rau nws.

Tag nrho cov khoom thiab cov khoom muaj coj chav kawm ntawv, kev sib cais, ib pawg thiab thiaj li nyob. Rau txhua ntawm lawv nws muaj nws tus kheej code.

Classifiers - ib tug lossis loj lub rooj, qhov twg tag nrho cov khoom yog kiag li nkag mus hauv, xws li los ntawm cov zaub mov thiab xaus nrog cogs, khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom uas mas los yog exported nyob rau hauv Russia. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm rau daim ntawv pov thiab lwm yam txhawb cov ntaub ntawv uas raug muab tso tej yam cov lis dej num coj mus rau lawv.

chaw nyob

Xyuas cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm conformity yog tsim nyog, thiab qhov chaw nyob. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv yuav tsum muaj ob chaw nyob:

• lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus;
• cov ntawv pov thawj yas dhos.

Nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau nyob hauv ntau lub teb chaws nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Thiab qhov chaw nyob yuav pab kom to taub qhov twg cov khoom yog manufactured. Txawm li cas los, qhov zoo yog tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws uas siv. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo, muaj ntau yam loj tuam txhab uas muag vim pheej yig zog pib tsiv lawm mus rau Tuam Tshoj thiab Southeast Asia. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais hais tias tus zoo suffers. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, peb nco ntsoov tias cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm conformity - ib daim ntawv lees tias nws muab thiab tom qab yuav tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kuaj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lawm.

Lwm qhov chaw nyob qhov chaw txhais tau tias lub taub hau chaw ua hauj lwm yog nyob. Feem ntau, yog hais tias tus lawm yog, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, lub taub hau chaw ua hauj lwm yog tseem ua tau hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug European lub teb chaws. Feem ntau, txawm li cas los, cov thawj yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub Moscow chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tuam txhab. Vim hais tias txwv tsis pub ua cov ntawv luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav nyuaj heev.

tswvyim rau

Cov ntaub ntawv ua raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tej yam. Lawv yog cov sib txawv nyob ntawm seb hom khoom. Xav txog, rau yog dab tsi.

• Scheme 1 yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug pre-teev nqi ntawm cov khoom uas yog tauj nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm lub sij hawm. Rau mas - cov rau khoom ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm ntawv cog lus, thiab muab ib lub theem ntawm domestic. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tej kev kuaj los xij rau txoj designs. Muaj kuj yog ib tug tswvyim 1a, uas yog ib tug qhuas. Nyob rau hauv nws, cov lwm yam, ntsuam hauv lub xeev ntawm ntau lawm.
• Daim duab 2 yog muab siv rau zus tau tej cov long-term ntawv cog lus nrog ib tug qhov mov ntawm ib tug neeg sib cog lus. Qhov no yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw thaum lub soj ntsuam yog ua rau kuaj los ntawm ob tog twb mas mus rau hauv lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Russia. Lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj - 1 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub xeem qauv, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ib qho kev soj ntsuam xyuas cov khoom twb nyob rau hauv lub txee. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, luam cov koom haum thiab xaiv kuaj tau noj thiab kuaj nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm laboratory. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no kuj muaj tswvyim 2a, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd tshuaj xyuas hauv lub xeev ntawm ntau lawm.
• Daim duab 3 yog siv nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas loj lawm yog tsis nyob rau hauv kev ua xyem xyav. Qhov no hom ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj yog muab rau ib tug lub sij hawm ntawm ib mus rau peb thiab muaj xws li qauv xeem. Thiab tom qab lub txais cov ntaub ntawv - lwm cov qauv tswj, lub xaiv Tshuag, ua ntej yuav xa mus rau lub neeg. Scheme siv rau cov khoom uas nyob qhov twg zoo yog cai rau ib ntev lub sij hawm ua ntej rau txoj kev. Yuav muab thiab Scheme 3a thaum analyzed siv ua ntej yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv, thiab saib xyuas tswj yog ua nyob rau hauv tib yam li nyob rau hauv Scheme 3.
• Daim duab 4 yog ib tug tiag tiag nyuaj thiab tag nrho tswj tus serial khoom. Ntawm no, ib tug raug mob lub tshem me me yog raug mus rau lub xeem. Nyob rau hauv tswvyim 4a ntxiv analyzed mus tso zis hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntau lawm.
• Cov feem ntau nyuaj yog lub tswvyim 5. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, mus saib tus qauv thiab cov qauv ntau lawm. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj yog ib tug nruj kev soj ntsuam xyuas tswj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas kev kuaj thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm ntau lawm muaj kev cia siab.
• Daim duab 6 yog lub ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub zoo system ntawm lub tuam txhab. Tab sis, yog hais tias lub tuam txhab twb muaj ib tug coj daim ntawv, nws yog txaus muab ib tug tshaj tawm. Feem ntau, lub tswvyim yog teem rau ntawm zoo xws li cov khoom. Rau cov kev siv ntawm cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus yuav tsum muaj ib tug system ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas, qhov twg muaj xws li cov kev tswj ntawm tag nrho cov nta tsim nyog kom tau daim ntawv pov thawj conformity.
• Scheme 7 feem ntau yog siv nyob rau ntawm lub tib lub cim ntawm lub ntau lawm. Cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm ib tug tas mus li lub sij hawm. Nws yuav siv tau raws li ntev raws li muaj nyob yuav tsis tsum muag rau tus xeem yam khoom.
• Daim duab 8 yog pom tau hais thaum nws yog tsim nyog los xyuas txhua yam khoom, tsis muaj kev zam.
• Daim duab 9 yog siv rau tsis rov qab ua dua ib tug me me consignment ntawm cov khoom, xws li manufactured SP.
• Daim duab 10 yog siv rau long-term zus tau tej cov Lavxias teb sab khoom nyob rau hauv me me qhov ntau.

Qhov twg qhia tau tias tus?

Feem ntau cov neeg tsis to taub dab tsi hauv cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum nug tus neeg muag khoom kom paub tseeb tias qhov zoo ntawm cov muas khoom. Daim ntawv pov thawj nyob rau hauv tus thawj los yog nyob rau hauv ib lub khw yuav tsis tsum khaws cia. Nws yog muaj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus. Tab sis, nrog nws ua luam. Ua ntej, lawv yog nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm kev lis kev cai, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav paub meej tias cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov kis nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws.

Cov lus nug no yuav nug txog thawj zaug tus me nyuam. Tom qab tag nrho, nws hloov tawm hais tias txawm ua ntej cov thawj consignment ntawm cov khoom yog nyob rau hauv Russia, twb muaj ib tug daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm conformity. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis, tsis txhob hais lwm yam logic. Tom qab tag nrho, ua ntej cov kev mov chaw tsim tshuaj paus xa rau qhov tsim nyog tau kev tso cai muab ntawv pov thawj lub cev mus kuaj, uas yog nqa tawm cov kev tsim nyog kev ntsuam xyuas. Tom ntej no, lub on-site tuaj kuaj tsev. Thiab yog tias tag nrho cov kuaj dhau qhov kev xeem nrog ib tug zoo tshwm sim thiab cov khoom tau txais nws daim ntawv, lub lis kev cai tub ceev xwm tej zaum yuav tso cai rau ib tug tsis tu ncua mov. Rau kev lis kev cai muaj feem ntau npaj daim qauv ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj, pov thawj nws tus povthawj los yog nyob rau hauv lub cev, kev coj cwj pwm kuaj ntsuam xyuas.

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kev lag luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov khoom uas buyers yuav ua kom koj muaj qhov tsim nyog ntawv pov thawj, thiab npaj cov ntawv luam. Lawv pov thawj los ntawm qhov muab txoj cai ntawm daim ntawv los yog nws cov yas dhos - lub manufacturing lub tuam txhab los yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab neeg sawv cev.