Diego Velaskes (Diego Rodriguez de Silva Velazquez): tswv yim thiab biography (yees duab)

Qhov tseem ceeb sawv cev ntawm lus Mev painting ntawm lub "golden" pua yog ib tug neeg uas xav tau qhov tseeb Diego Velaskes. Nws ua hauj lwm yog ho sib txawv los ntawm lwm tus nrog nws pom mus rau hauv lub qhov ntawm tus qauv, full-bodied thiab ilv tsw, heightened kev txiav txim zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Nws yog nws leej twg muab lub hauv paus ntawm cov European kos duab ntawm lub hlwb portrait. Lub biographers tau sib cav hais tias Diego yooj yim muab ib tug ntau ntawm cov science. Nws mus ntev pib sau ib lub tsev qiv, raws li nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thaum yau kawm nyeem ntawv. Namely nws qhia tias xav nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ntau sciences Velasquez, tiam sis feem ntau enticing tsis tau yog lub painting rau nws.

thaum yau

Nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Seville nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg pluag tab sis noble tsev neeg ntawm Christianized neeg Yudais thib rau nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1599 nws tau yug los Velaskes Diego De Silva. Nws yog tus hlob ntawm yim tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg. Raws li nrov kev lig kev cai Andalusian Diego thiab nws tus tij laug (kuj yog ib tug artist) coj nws niam lub xeem. Lub neej yav tom ntej txoj hmoo ntawm cov me nyuam tub loj txiav txim los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nws tus txiv yog ib tug neeg uas Portugal. Thaum xub thawj, Diego, raws li zoo raws li lwm yam txiv neej cov me nyuam, lawv twb muab xa mus rau ib tug convent lub tsev kawm ntawv Latin.

Tab sis thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm cuaj tus me nyuam twb tau hais muaj peev xwm rau kev ua yeeb, li ntawd, nws tus txiv tau muab rau kawm nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntawm qhov nrov thaum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Spain Herrera artist. Fact xaiv profession tau los ua ib tug kev sib tw rau lub zos aristocracy, raws li lub profession ntawm artist mas suav hais tias tsis tsim nyog ntawm ib tug noble txoj hauj lwm. Qhov xwm ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv yog unbearable, vim hais tias ntawm no Velasquez kawm rau ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub wizard, thiab ib xyoos tom qab ntawd tus tub hluas tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntawm Francisco Pacheco, ib tug zoo kawg nkaus kws qhia ntawv, kuv hlub antiquity.

Nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm Pacheco

Diego Velaskes tseem nyob rau hauv Pacheco lub rhiav ua ntej tau txais lub npe ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm kaum yim. Nws yog ua tsaug rau lub tswv yim ntawm nws tus kws qhia ntawv, nws muaj lub peev xwm los yog muaj me tub xwm. Ntawm no ua hauj lwm Diego Velaskesa hais nram qab no daim duab: "Immaculate Conception", "noj tshais", "Hmo ntawm Emmaus", "Cov laus ua noj", "dej-cab kuj", "adoration ntawm lub Magi", "Tswv Yexus nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm Martha thiab Mary", "Musicians".

Tom qab kawm tiav saib, uas attracted ib tug virtue, kev coj dawb huv, brilliance, thiab lwm yam zoo ntawm nws cov thwj tim, nws muab nws yuav nws tib tug ntxhais, kaum Juan Miranda. Thaum lub sij hawm thawj peb lub xyoo ntawm kev sib yuav, cov hluas ob peb muaj ob tug ntxhais. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm nees-nkaum ib, Diego Velaskes qhib nws tus kheej studio. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm ntawm cov artist tus tshwm paj nyob rau hauv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg. Nws cim lub siab Andalusian tej gray qub cov txiv neej, funny tub thiab cov ntxhais Mev neeg. Nrog rau lwm yam lus Mev creators Diego hais txog cov biblical zaj dabneeg, tab sis lawv tsis nyob ib tug loj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm tus sau. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, cov duab tsis muaj lub mystical xim, thiab zoo li, es, txhua hnub scenes.

Tsiv mus Madrid

Hloov txhua yam ntawm lub tsev hais plaub entourage ntawm nws tus txiv, cov tub ntxhais (kaum rau xyoo) Philippe plaub kav kawm tau hais tias nyob rau hauv Seville feemxyuam Mev neeg pleev kob Velasquez, uas tau tam sim ntawd hu mus rau lub palace.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 24, ua ke nrog rau cov txiv Diego tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Madrid. Nws patron yog ua lub prime minister Olivares. "Portrait ntawm King Philip IV» pleev xim rau los ntawm cov artist yog ib tug zoo poj, tom qab uas nws twb muab tsub lub title ntawm lub tsev hais plaub cov neeg pleev kob. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, qhov no ua hauj lwm tuaj tsis tau rau peb lub sij hawm.

portrait ua hauj lwm

Tam sim no, Diego Velaskes, uas nws biography yuav ntau qaim xim, tsis yog nyob ntawm seb khib hauj lwm. Nws nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov palace tis nteg lub xeev qhov, thiab nyob rau hauv lub suburbs, nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev fuabtais, nws muaj ib tug dav rhiav. Nws muaj cov tseem ceeb rau tus tswv tsev thiab tus huab tais nws tus kheej, txhua txhua hnub hlub mus soj ntsuam cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tus creator. Lub tsuas drawback ntawm no hom ntawm lub neej yog txoj kev txwv ntawm kev kawm paintings uas tau Velaskes Diego. Portrait rau ntau xyoo los ua nws lub ntsiab ib hom ntawv nyeem. Tus huab tais nws tus kheej thiab nws cov me nyuam tau sau dua nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov artist. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau nws sawv cev lub Infanta Margarita, ib tug huab tais tus ntxhais. Yuav kom dim lub portraits, uas yog pom rau lub ntsej muag hloov raws li nws kev loj hlob thiab maturation.

Diego Velasquez tau ib tug resounding zoo, ib tug kos npe rau ntawm phem saj yog tus tsis muaj ib tug portrait ntawm nws ua hauj lwm. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov dluab ntawm courtiers thiab politicians, raws li zoo raws li lub gallery ntawm muaj koob cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lus Mev kab lis kev cai.

"Lub ntiab tawm ntawm lub Moriscos"

Tab sis tsis tau tsuas yog cov teev uas tsim los Diego, envy lub feem ntau fwm ntxias tau coj mus rau teeb meem vim hais tias ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias tus hluas creator twb tsis suav tias yog rau cov kev lig kev cai. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, thaum lub insistence ntawm nws "senior comrades" nws yog ib tug sib txeeb, uas 28-xyoo-laus sau sau ib cov keeb kwm daim duab loj loj "Rho Tawm ntawm lub Moors." Nws yog nplooj siab mus rau lub ntiab tawm ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob ntawm as keeb kwm, feem ntau tragic ib feem ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws.

Delight tau tshwm sim los rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm uas tau ua los ntawm Diego Velaskes. Duab, piav txog uas corresponded mus rau lub official lo lus uas peb, dai nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov palace halls, sau thiab tus ntse, tag nrho ntawm kev qhia, ib tug masterpiece. Tom qab ib tug ob peb lub lis piam nws twb txiav txim mus tsiv mus nyob rau ib qho chaw qhov twg muaj cov duab ntawm tus huab tais txoj kev nyiam - lub Hall ntawm iav.

Raws li rau tus sau, nws tau txais ib tug siab, sib npaug Chamberlain, keeper ntawm cov muaj koob muaj npe txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub qhov rooj. Khib thiab mob siab nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev cuam tshuam rau cov tib neeg zoo ntawm Velazquez. Nws muab khaws cia tseg lub puab txoj kev ywj pheej los ntawm cov whims ntawm lub Mev nobility. Qhov no daim duab no, hmoov tsis, tsis tau dim mus rau lub hnub tam sim no.

ancient kawm

Velaskes Diego, uas nws paintings yog txawv txawv rau hauv zos kev cai, mus rau lub hnub nyoog muaj peb caug finalizing xws li ib tug masterpiece rau ancient zaj dabneeg raws li "Drunks," los yog "Bacchus". Cov painting depicts lub rite ntawm pib mus rau hauv lub brotherhood ntawm Vajtswv. Ntawm no yog ib tug twb tau bold xaiv ntawm hom thiab muaj tiag cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov underclass cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tib neeg nyob rau lub sij hawm. Tag nrho expertly tseg, zoo li cov niaj hnub ua yeeb yam thiab cov ntaub ntawv xwm recklessness, bitterness thiab kev lom zem. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov artist respects lub optimism thiab resilience ntawm nws cov neeg.

Uas ancient zaj dabneeg tso cai rau nws mus ua txhaum nrog tus tam sim no tsoos sab hauv hom ntawv nyeem scenes. Vim qhov kev txiav txim rau qhov xwm ntawm lub teeb pom kev yuav smoother thiab richer xim. Tab sis tsis tau muaj zog heev contrasts ntawm lub teeb thiab ntxoov ntxoo, ces tus foreground ib tug me ntsis heavyweight, txij li thaum txoj kev no yog tshiab rau tus sau. Ib tug xav paub ntau tshaj paub tus creator tau tom qab.

Ib qho chaw twg mus rau Ltalis. Diego Velaskes: "Lub forge ntawm Vulcan"

Daws teeb meem ntawm tus huab tais thiab tejzaum nws lub tswv yim ntawm Rubens, nrog rau cov zoo-paub commander Ambrosio Spinola Velasquez mus rau nyob ze ceg av qab teb, nyob qhov twg nws cov ntawv luam paintings thiab murals ntawm naas ej ntxias, paub cov duab puab ancient thiab cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm nws lub contemporaries. Qhov no txawv tebchaws tau txhab horizons Diego thiab pab txhim kho cov kev txawj. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no ntawm heev fruitful ua hauj lwm Diego Velaskes. "Lub forge ntawm Vulcan" twb sau los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm ltalis. Tus txhais lus ntawm cov mythological zaj dabneeg no yog heev qub. Tus sau tau xwm lub caij ntawm tau txais Vulcan (Vaj tswv ntawm cov hluav taws) los ntawm Apollo xov xwm ntawm treason tus poj niam (Venus).

Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog tsis tuaj kiag li earthiness, tab sis tus creator ntawm lub irony no yog kom meej meej pom. Txawm tias Apollo lub teeb, nws cov duab yog heev prosaic. Vulcan thiab nws pab kuj tseem tau nthuav tib neeg beings tsis txawv saum ntuj los kev zoo nkauj.

Qhov no lub teb chaws tau muab ib tug ntau ntawm cov Velasquez, nws painting ua ntau sophisticated thiab paub tab, ploj mus tsaus ntxoov ntxoo thiab ntse kab, nws tau ua ib tug tseem ceeb heev toj roob hauv pes tom qab.

"Swb ntawm Breda"

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov splendor ntawm lub artist nthuav nws tus kheej kev txawj nyob rau hauv ib sib ntaus sib tua paintings - 'swb ntawm Breda ". Qhov no qhia tau hais tias ib tug caij nplooj zeeg tshwm sim ntawm lub Dutch fortress ntawm Breda, besieged los ntawm cov Spaniards. Nws commander Yustin Nassausky tso cov yuam sij rau lub Mev commander Spinola.

Ua ke lawv muaj xwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub canvas. Bent hnyav swb Nassau rushes mus rau lub khiav nrog tus yuam sij nyob rau hauv tes. Nyob rau lwm cov tes nyob rau hauv dub armor coob Spaniards thiab slender hmuv rau cov tibneeg tsim ib tug nkag siab ntawm superiority thiab lub hwj chim ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm lub Mev tub cheev xwm.

Novelty kos duab kev daws teeb meem, raws li zoo raws li lub veracity ntawm cov duab ntawm lub keeb kwm cov txheej xwm ntawm lub painting yog ib tug tshwm sim rau nws lub sij hawm.

Tab sis tseem portraits yog cov ua ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Velazquez. Lawv tau ua ntau ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab pictorial tshuaj. Tag nrho cov no ua ke nrog rau qhov zoo nkauj thiab exceptional txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv tus txhais lus los ntawm ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau xyoo lawm, ib tug series ntawm portraits ntawm buffoons thiab dwarfs uas tsim los ntawm lub wizard. By lub sij hawm no qhov tseeb daim duab pleev xim rau cov Inquisition forbids zaj dab neeg "Venus thiab Cupid" nrog tsawg nyob rau hauv lus Mev painting depicting ib tug liab qab poj niam lub cev.

kev cai dab qhuas paintings. Mus saib mus rau tim Loos

Mev huab tais rau convent lub ntawm San Diego kom Placido daim duab. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog hu ua "Tus raug ntsia saum ntoo ntawm Khetos" coj tus sau yog dhia khiav zoo, thiab nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yog kuj ceeb tias tej yam yooj yim. Duab ntawm Khetos twb tsis muaj toj roob hauv pes tom qab, raws li tus sau tau sim qhia qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txom nyem rau nws lub ntsej muag. Lub proportions yog zoo meej, tab sis yog, yog txawv los ntawm npag canons. Painting tsim ib qho chaw ntawm sib sib zog nqus reflections thiab tsis silence.

Nrog rau qhov no artist pleev xim rau cov duab thiab lwm yam uas zoo sib xws rau cov ntsiab lus. Velaskes Diego, uas nws paintings tau yeeb koob dua mus xyuas Ltalis. Tej hauj lwm tsim no, coj cov Creator ntau thiab ntau nrov. Cov feem ntau cov tawm cov piv txwv ntawm ib tug "Portrait ntawm Pope dawb huv X», uas yog ntawm kev tseem ceeb vim yog lub extraordinary kev txawj ntawm painting, sib sib zog nqus psychology thiab sharpness yam ntxwv.

Lub pontiff yog xwm zaum nyob rau hauv ib lub rooj zaum nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm ntawm lwm tensions teeb. Nws permeates daim thiab muab nws liveliness ntawm cov hom xim liab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob siab heev nyob rau hauv lub kub lub teeb. Tsis nrhiav kho dab tuag lub ntsej muag ntawm lub Pope, tus sau portrayed nws tenacious thiab nyuaj saib, luv thiab puab lub zog. Ua ntej cov neeg tuaj saib zoo nkaus li tsis yog ib tug ntawm sab ntsuj plig tus neeg, tab sis, theej secular kav - ntse, nquag, cunning, vicious thiab lim hiam.

Txawm tias ib tug siab zoo khoom plig rau ib tug portrait, ♦ pom nws heev muaj tseeb, tab sis vim hais tias ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm Philip, ntshai poob artist Diego Velaskes (luv luv biography uas tsis qhaj ib qho tseem ceeb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws lub neej) rov qab mus rau lawv teb chaws. Ces tus huab tais seb puas tsimnyog tau nws mus rau lub siab tshaj plaws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub xeev - Marshal, tom qab uas cov artist tau txais tag nrho cov kev ywj pheej.

"Las Meninas"

Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, lub ntsiab sau ntawm cov duab no yog loj-scale muaj pes tsawg leeg "Lub Tswvyim hais ua dabneeg ntawm Arachne" thiab "Las Meninas."

Diego tus loj tshaj creation yog suav tias yog lub painting "Las Meninas." Lo lus no qhia ib tug poj niam, teej tug mus rau ib tug aristocratic tsev neeg, uas tau txais kev pab raws li tub txib ntawm yawm ntawm lub Mev Infanta. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom no yog heev txawv txawv.

Cov artist xwm yog ib tug ntawm cov chav ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv Palace - ib tug loj thiab tu siab heev. Nyob rau hauv rau sab laug ib feem ntawm nws nyob rau ib stretcher yuav tsum nws nyob ze ib tug loj canvas thiab paints portrait ntawm tus huab tais tsev neeg. Nws thiaj tuav tau pom nyob rau hauv daim iav yog muab tso rau tom qab lub creator. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub chav tsev surrounded los ntawm dwarfs thiab ob Menin muaj nqis Margarita, charming me ntsis Infanta. Qab lawv yog cov nuj nqis txiv neej thiab poj niam ntawm lub tsev hais plaub, thiab rau qhib lub qhov rooj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau - cov neeg pej xeem Marshal ntawm poj huab tais.

European ntxias Velazquez thawj los qhia cov backstage lub neej ntawm muaj koob muaj npe lub tsev hais plaub. Me Infante thiab tub txib ntawm yawm yog xwm li nrog zoo expressiveness. Ib tug ntawm lawv, raws li cov lus qhia kom, txhos caug nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm Margarita, handing nws ib khob ntawm cov dej. Ntsias mas tsiv thiab pushes ib tug loj dev thiab ib tug rog ntsias nyob rau hauv ib tug daze froze.

Heev yooj yim los txhais tau ib hom ntawv nyeem, nyob rau hauv uas pleev xim ib daim duab Diego Velaskesa 'Las Meninas. " Ntawm no united thiab cov ntsiab ntawm cov pab pawg neeg portraits thiab ib hom ntawv nyeem scenes. Sau masterfully conveyed mus tshaj lub canvas qhov chaw, txhaws nws nrog lub teeb thiab huab cua los ntawm lub qhov rais qhib.

"Lub tswvyim hais ua dabneeg ntawm Arachne"

Lub ncov ntawm lub tswv yim kev txawj ntawm cov artist yog ib yam khoom ntawm lub "Spinner" rau rau siab ua hauj lwm cov lus Mev neeg. Qhov no painting yog thawj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Western painting hais txog cov txiv neej, nws ua hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov duab no yog muaj li ntawm ob ywj siab scene. Nyob rau hauv polumrachnoy weaving Rhiav nyob hauv lub foreground qhia tau hais tias cov spinners, uas yog tibneeg hu tauj coob nrog lawv ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv pem teb xaiv wool skeins hluas neeg ua hauj lwm, xa me nyuam rov mus rau ib lub hauv caug nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Nyob rau txoj cai yog lwm spinner, nws yog lub qhov txhab mus rau hauv ib tug ceev knot ua los ntawm ntaub plaub thread. Tus sau tau sau npe nws loj heev thiab muaj tiag, thiab kev tso siab thiab precision ntawm lub zog nws hau los ntawm txhais tau tias cov dluab ntawm loj ob txhais tes nrog lub tsho kuav los tiag thiab ib tug broad rov qab. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm no spinner yog saib rau lwm tus poj niam. Ib tug laug ntawm cov ntoo Looms nyob rau hauv ua lwj ua liam ces muab pov tseg tshaj lub taub hau txoj phuam zaum nkees weaver thiab tham nrog nws pab. Nyob rau hauv nws liab qab ob txhais taw yog ib tug miv. Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau, tom qab hnyav liab ntaub tsiv tawm, npaj txhij yuav pom tapestries, teem. Lub scene xwm unvarnished mundane tab sis tsim nyog dynamism nws muab lub spinning log ntawm lub tshuab thiab cov yeeb yuj.

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau ob poj niam ntawm lub tsev hais plaub, mus xyuas dai rau ntawm phab ntsa ntaub pua plag, kaj thiab huv huv xim uas muab qhov no ib feem ntawm lub chav tsev ib tug kev xav ntawm neeg pej xeem nrog thiab xav tsis thoob views. Nyob rau hauv lub tiav lawm tapestry xwm Diego kev lig kev cai ntawm Arachne kawg, tab sis tsis yog tus transformation ntawm ib tug ntxhais nyob rau hauv ib tug txaus ntshai kab laug sab, thiab lub triumph ntawm unrivaled vajtswv poj niam ntawm daim duab, uas yog ib tug allegory nrog nom tswv overtones. Yog li, tus creator qhia kev hwm ntawm lub Mev monarchy, ib qho yooj yim mus nias nyob rau hauv nws tsis yog tsuas yog tib neeg, tab sis kuj tej cheeb tsam.

Qhov no daim duab - tsis tsuas cov apogee ntawm creativity Velazquez thiab nws lub xeem loj ua hauj lwm, tab sis kuj pab koj tu siab thiab sib to taub ntawm tag nrho cov kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kev txiav txim.

By lub sij hawm no lub tsev hais plaub ua hauj lwm Velazquez nce mus txog nws siab tshaj plaws taw tes - nws twb muab tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm Santiago, qhov tseem ceeb kev txiav txim ntawm Spain. Qhov tseeb kuj yog ib tug precedent li Knight Commander ntawm ib qho ntawm cov hiob nyob sab Europe kev txiav txim ntawm chivalry los ua ib tug artist.

Tab sis, thaum lub sij hawm no tus creator yog twb mob loj heev nrog malaria, uas tau cog lus thaum lub sij hawm sib yuav ua koob tsheej ntawm lub Fabkis King thiab lus Mev ntxhais fuabtais rau cov kob ntawm nraj. Tom qab rov qab mus Madrid, Diego Rodriguez de Silva Velaskes tuag nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm rau caum-ib xyoos. Nrog nws txoj kev tuag, lub heyday ntawm Spanish painting tshaj.