Elasticity ntawm kev thov

Thov qhia lub siab xav mus yuav ib tug hnyav tau txais kev pab yuav khoom tom tej nqi. Hauv plawv ntawm no lub siab xav yog lub tswvyim ntawm marginal nqi hluav taws xob los ntawm cov khoom (ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob noj rau txhua txhua lub muas khoom tsev). Thov muaj ib tug ncaj qha cawv yuav hwj chim ntawm tus neeg. Thaum sib txawv theem ntawm tus nqi tau txais kev pab yuav tau sib txawv ntawm cov khoom muag. Tus nqi yog siab dua, thaum tswj tag nrho lwm yam tej yam kev mob, lub sab qhov kev thov, thiab vice versa.

Lub elasticity ntawm kev thov qhia cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm rhiab heev ntawm qhov kev thov rau cov khoom rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv ntau yam (nqi, cov neeg tau nyiaj, thiab lwm yam). Yog hais tias kev thov rau ib yam khoom yog ib co nyob rau ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv, rau Piv txwv li, tus nqi rau nws, nws yog hu ua elastic yog hais tias tus nqi twb tsis muaj ntxim rau qhov kev thov sab, nws yog hu ua inelastic.

Paub qhov txawv hom ntawm elasticity ntawm kev thov:

1. Yooj nyob rau hauv nqe. Lub coefficient ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog xam raws li tus piv ntawm cov feem pua hloov nyob rau hauv kev thov rau qhov feem pua hloov nyob rau hauv nqe. Thaum nqi hloov nyob rau hauv kev thov yuav tsum tau elastic, inelastic , los yog muaj ib zaug xwb qhia.

Qhov no elasticity nyob ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau, kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov khoom, deputies thiab lub sij hawm tseem ceeb.

2. Nyiaj elasticity. Lub coefficient yog tus piv ntawm cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv kev thov rau ib qho kev pauv (nce los yog txo) ntawm cov nyiaj khwv tau buyers raws li ib tug feem pua. Nws qhia tau hais tias ntau npaum li cas qhov ntim ntawm kev thov rau cov khoom thaum hloov neeg cov nyiaj khwv tau los ntawm 1%. Lub coefficient yuav ua tau zoo los tsis zoo.

Nyob ntawm seb cov nyhuv uas cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv qhov kev thov rau cov nyiaj tau, paub qhov txawv tej pab pawg ntawm cov khoom: lub siab tshaj plaws qeb (cov khoom uas zoo) - thov yog loj hlob nyob rau hauv kev faib ua feem rau cov nyiaj tau los txoj kev loj hlob; qis hauv chav kawm ntawv (pheej yig uas tsis muaj-zoo khoom) - nyob rau tsis tooj; qhov tseem ceeb cov khoom (lawv noj no yeej tseem zoo ywj siab ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj khwv tau).

3. Cross-elasticity ntawm kev thov. Lub coefficient exponent yog txiav txim los ntawm tus piv ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv kev thov rau ib yam khoom daim ntawv (X) rau ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv kev thov rau lwm hom ntawm cov khoom (A). Yog hais tias tus piv yog ntau tshaj ib tug, interchangeable khoom, yog hais tias nws yog qhov tsawg, ces lawv yog cov complementary; yog pes tsawg, nws txhais tau tias cov khoom txuam.

Nyob rau lub elasticity ntawm kev thov muaj feem xyuam rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam:

• Lub sij hawm zoo tshaj. Yog hais tias lub sij hawm ntawv tso cai, cov kev txiav txim siab mus yuav qhov kev thov rau lub khoom yuav ntau dua ywj.
• Substitutability. Yog hais tias cov khoom muaj zoo hloov rau lub elasticity ntawm qhov kev thov rau nws yuav yeej ib txwm yuav siab. Piv txwv li, rau insulin thov yeej yuav tsis ua resilient, tsis hais txog ntawm tus nqi rau nws, vim hais tias cov tshuaj yog tseem ceeb heev rau cov neeg uas muaj mob ntshav qab zib.
• Cov qhia tawm, uas yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv buyers cov nyiaj them yam khoom. Qhov loj nws yog, qhov ntau elastic yog qhov kev thov. Nrog ib tug niaj hnub loj hlob ntawm cov neeg siv tus nqi yuav tsis kam yuav ib lub tsheb tshaj chaw ua hauj lwm cov khoom siv. Vim hais tias cov leeg yog yuav ntau.
• Advertising thiab ua li. Qhov ntau coj los rau cov khoom vim zoo advertising, ntim thiab lwm nta, qhov ntau siab tus cwj pwm mus rau nws, thiab tus tau txais kev pab tsawg elastic thov.
• Luxuries los yog necessities. Cov thawj pab pawg neeg ntawm npas (kub, hniav nyiaj hniav kub, kim tsheb), qhov kev thov yog ib txwm ntau dua ywj tshaj lub thib ob (khoom noj khoom haus, tsev neeg tshuaj).
• Tej nyiam thiab tastes ntawm tau txais kev pab kuj ho muaj kev cuam tshuam cov neeg kawm ntawv uas yog cov elasticity ntawm kev thov.

Point elasticity ntawm kev thov - yog tus nqi ntsuas ntawm ib tug taw tes ntawm qhov kev thov nkhaus, uas yog qhov raws tag nrho cov kab. Nws yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm rhiab heev rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv qhov kev thov ntawm tej lwm yam kev ntsuas.

Yog li, lub elasticity ntawm kev thov - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm qhov ntsuas los mus hloov cov kab lus los yog lwm cov yam. Ntsuas coefficient ntawm elasticity.