Futurism - yog dab tsi? Art daim ntawv thiab ideological filling zog

Qhov kawg ntawm lub puas tawm thiab ntxov thib nees nkaum caug xyoo - ib tug active nrhiav tshiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kos duab, dawb los ntawm cov qauv hloov ncauj lus kom ntxaws kev muaj tiag. Qhov no kev tshawb fawb thiab cov revolutionary ferment nyob rau hauv lub minds ntawm ntau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm European hluas coj mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm tshiab artistic thiab kev currents. Nws cultivated cov tswvyim hais ua dabneeg hais tias daim duab yog ua txhua yam rau tig (thiab nco ntsoov revolutionize) lub ntiaj teb no. Ib tug ntawm thawj cov cim qhia los ua ib tug futurism. Yuav ua li cas yog Futurism? Cia futurum - «lub neej yav tom ntej."

Qhov tus tsim ntawm lub zog suav hais tias yog Milanese kws sau paj lug F. Marinetti, lub brightest cov neeg sawv cev ntawm painting - U. Boccioni, Balla D., D. Severini. Lub keeb kwm ntawm futurism pib nyob rau hauv kaum cuaj cuaj xyoo: Marinetti luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis magazine "Le Figaro" thawj manifesto, nyob rau hauv uas nws hu ua pov tawm tag nrho cov qub kev cai qhov tseem ceeb rau lub dustbin ntawm keeb kwm thiab raws li qhov tseeb hauj kho kom tsim ib hom ntawm cov txiv neej lub neej yav tom ntej. Ntxias sai sai no kuj luam tawm lawv manifesto. Tom qab ntawd manifestos ntau, thiab lawv muaj tag nrho cov hu ua li cas muab li yav dhau los nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm kev kawm.

Tu siab, futurism twb tsis yog tas rau cov kawm Askiv: nws kom huv si politicized, nrog txawv sharpness thiab radicalism. Qhov no coj nws mus rau lub ideological cev qhuav dej: ib co mej zeej ntawm lub zog distanced lawv tus kheej los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg thiab lwm tus neeg nyob rau hauv lub xyoo lub xyoo tsim lawv tus kheej kev nom kev tswv tog, uas tsis ntev sawv nyob rau hauv lub banner ntawm Mussolini.

Futurism nyob rau hauv lub kos duab - ib tug tawg kab, ntse contrasts ntawm cov xim qhia imbalances tsis tiav ntaem, lub xub ntiag ntawm lub nroog thiab kev motives. Yog hais tias lub vanguard predecessors ntawm lub Impressionists, nyob rau lub forefront ntawm sawv nrhiav rau ib tug tshiab daim ntawv no, daim ntawv tam sim no yuav ploj mus rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau, yuav tsis tau txais tej canons, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov cwj pwm ntawm cov artist. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias nws yog distinguished tsis tsuas Futurism, hais tias xws li ib tug cwj pwm mus rau lub tswv yim ntse lwm avant-garde taw: cubism, paub daws teeb, expressionism, surrealism, Dadaism. lub avant-garde philosophy yog aimed ntawm muaj tswv yim individualization, nyob rau hauv txawv ntawm nws tsis zoo li neeg siab, xws li nrov kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm sau lub ideological currents sib txawv yog Futurism, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, hais rau kev ua phem, cov expressionism (. Antifascist Pablo Picasso thiab lwm tus), on qhov tsis tooj, los ntawm cov ntuag thiab tawg kab tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov kev kub ntxhov uas tau engulfed lub ntiaj teb no.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem yog zoo tshaj plaws ntes tau nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tau yeej lub siab lub ntsws ntawm ntau paj huam los ntawm cov nyiaj muaj hnub nyoog, muaj generated ib fragmentary style ntawm paj huam, ib tug surplus nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thiab ob peb ua ke ntawm cov cim, feem ntau deprived ntawm tej yam ntsiab lus. Lub ntsiab pillar ntawm Lavxias teb sab Futurism yog suav tias yog Khlebnikov. Tsim Nyog motives muaj Pasternak, Mandelstam, txawm nyob rau hauv lub tom qab phau ntawv Esenina tam sim no futurism. Yuav ua li cas yog, piv txwv li, lub "txiv neej dub"? Style yog obviously tsis yog ib tug classic.

Ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau raws Futurists ua Mayakovsky. "Ib tug huab nyob rau hauv ris" - ib tug masterpiece ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv ntsuj plig, thiab nws style Txhoov kws sau paj lug tseem ncaj ncees mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub neej.

Futurists enthusiastically txais lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig. Tab sis cov kev xav yog tsis sib nrig sib, raws li lub taub hau ntawm lub proletarian zog cov neeg nrog enormous kev cai hnab nqa taug kev. Nyob rau hauv kev, Lenin, nyob rau hauv nws hais lus rau cov mej zeej ntawm lub Komsomol ntawm lub Peb Congress hais ntxiv txog qhov tseem ceeb heev ntawm cov kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam thiab hais txog futurism, dab tsi kos duab nws tsis to taub.

Futurism li ib daim duab lub zog ntawd kub ntev li tsuas yog ib ob peb decades. Tab sis nws tus ntsuj plig tseem nyob. Sawv nyob rau hauv lub fifties nyob rau hauv tus ntawm science ntawv tseeb thiab nrov rau hnub no nyob rau hauv lub architecture thiab tsim ntawm high-tech style no yeej tseem zoo tib yam futurism, tsuas yog nyob rau ib lub tshiab rau theem. Nws yog deprived ntawm nom tswv ambition thiab radicalism nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tab sis muaj pub los ntawm nws zoo feem ntawm Futurism: ib tug saib mus rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej thiab txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv kev kawm, nyob rau hauv lub qhov kawg triumph ntawm yog vim li cas lawm conservatism.