Lub npe ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm ancient kos duab. Dluab ntawm Laus Lavxias teb sab painting

Laus Lavxias teb sab kos duab yog ncaj qha txog lub kos duab ntawm Byzantium, los yog es nws yog ib tug haib ceg. Txij thaum nws cov kev loj hlob yog txuam nrog kev cai raus dej ntawm Rus ', qhov yooj yim qauv xwm dluab ntawm cov neeg ntseeg thiab biblical scenes. Lub npe ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm ancient kos duab pov thawj "Ustyug Annunciation", "Lub Virgin Orans", "Christmas". Qhov no sib muaj rau ob peb centuries.

picturesque era

Keeb kwm ntawm Laus Lavxias teb sab painting yog muab faib ua ob yam loj sij hawm. Tus thawj ntawd kub ntev li ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub IX rau XIII xyoo pua. Nws yog hu ua lub kos duab ntawm Kievan Rus.

Qhov thib ob lub sij hawm yog txuam nrog rau cov tsim ntawm lub Moscow State. Thaum lub sij hawm nws kev loj hlob (ntawm XIII rau XVII xyoo pua.), Sau los ntawm ib qho zoo kawg array ntawm cov nqi tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab. Major sij hawm nyob rau hauv lem yog muab faib mus rau hauv me me kauj ruam uas yog txuam nrog rau tej yam keeb kwm cov txheej xwm, rau kom nws imprint rau ntawm cov dluab thiab storylines. Lub npe ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm ancient kos duab, uas tau raug tsim nyob rau hauv lub pre-Christian lub sij hawm yog tsis paub hais tias.

Lub pagan ntseeg nyob rau hauv elemental dab, pe hawm nws, tau ncaim peb ib tug legacy ntawm round horn inlaid nrog fine nyiaj, ntau yam dluab ntawm lub hnub, noog, paj - txhua yam dab tsi cov neeg ntseeg thaum lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv Kiev fwm lub tuam tsev nrog mlom yos rov qab mus rau lub xyoo 980. Dluab ntawm Laus Lavxias teb sab painting hu Perrunom, nees, Makosh thiab lwm yam pagan gods.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Byzantium nyob rau hauv lub artistic kev loj hlob ntawm Rus

Keeb kwm ntawm lub Byzantine ceg pib nrog lub kev cai raus dej ntawm Rus tub huabtais Vladimir. Nws tau raug caw ntau ntxias kom txhim tsa lub tuam tsev thiab qhia cov khoom siv tes ua thiab iconography ntawm lub zos craftsmen. Lub tsev teev ntuj hiob raug ua los ntawm cov ntoo. Nws, hmoov tsis, tsis tau dim.

Thaum pib ntawm lub XIII xyoo pua, cov tub rog ntawm Batu Khan devastated yuav luag tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab lub zos. Lub survivors ntawm Pskov thiab Novgorod txuas ntxiv mus tsim craftsmen. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog tus naas ej Feofan Grek, ib tug neeg uas Byzantium. Nws ua hauj lwm rau nws tus kheej thiab kev kawm apprentices, ib tug neeg uas yog Andrei Rublev. Lub npe ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm ancient kos duab icon neeg pleev kob - "Lub Annunciation", "Lub thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Gabriel", "qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob mus rau hauv ntuj raug txim" thiab ntau lwm tus neeg - yog zoo-paub txawm mus rau cov neeg uas tsis paub zoo ntawm cov kos duab heev.

iconography Rublev

Icons thiab frescoes Andreya Rubleva los ua ib tug qauv rau tag nrho lwm cov tiam. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog imbued nrog contemplation thiab kev txo hwj chim, warmth thiab txoj kev hlub rau Tswv Yexus. Qhov no yam ntxwv distinguishes nws ua hauj lwm los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Feofana Greka, uas qhia Rublev. Byzantine Master sau ntawv energetically thiab tragically, nws ua li ntawd. Andrei Rublev nyiaj ua lag luam ib feem ntawm nws tus plig nyob rau hauv txhua ntawm nws cov zajlus. Laus Lavxias teb sab icon neeg pleev kob painting tsis tawm leej twg indifferent kiv cua los yog dog dig neeg.

By kawg ntawm lub XV xyoo pua, thaum Russia tau tshem ntawm cov yoke ntawm Tatar-Mongol, Moscow pib vam thiab los ua ib tug tiag tiag center - lub peev ntawm ib tug haib tshaj lub xeev. Architecture yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias. Moscow Kremlin yog chim siab tshaj Vocabulary. Muaj yog ib tug loj architectural khaub ncaws ntau dai kom zoo nkauj lub Cathedral Square. Temples tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm icons thiab frescoes zoo nkauj heev.

lub ntiaj teb no

Thaum no tus taw tes, dua flourishing arts and crafts. Princes thiab knights ntawm tsev neeg pib mus yuam kom cov masters cim carved khoom, khob, tais diav, feem ntau ntawm uas tau qhia rau cov monasteries thiab lub tuam tsev.

Lug paub xaws ancient Russia. Ntau ntawm nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Solovetsky monastery. Craftswomen embroidered shroud "Cyril Belozersky" marching iconostasis, "Tus ntxhais nkauj xwb cov Hlawv", thiab lwm tus neeg. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej thiab roos ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm lub artistic cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev.

XVII xyoo pua nto moo artistic resurgence nyob rau hauv architecture. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj cuab yeej yog cov Armory, tsim los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws masters. Cov tib lub sij hawm cim pib ntawm portrait kos duab nyob rau hauv Russia. Tus huab tais lub ntsej muag xwm nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm icon sau ntawv. Lub npe ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm ancient kos duab nyob rau hauv parsuna tej hauj lwm lug paub, piv txwv li, "Suav tus ntoo khaub lig" Bogdan Saltanov.

Txheej xwm ntawm 1917 tau coj mus rau lub domination ntawm atheism. Muaj ntau monuments ntawm Qub Lavxias teb sab kos duab thiab architecture tau ploj mus ib txhis, uas tau ua rau nws tsis yooj yim sua mus kawm lub zoo era ntawm lub Orthodox. Txawm li cas los, tom qab ntau xyoo, cov kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv nws cov keeb kwm coj li thiab tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws ncov, lub icon rov qab lawv cov rightful qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lub koom txoos.