Hais keeb kwm ntawm Afghanistan

Cov kev hloov ntawm capitalism nyob rau hauv nws cov imperialist theem twb cim los ntawm tshiab npaj siab ntawm ces mus nrhiav kom tau nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv Afghanistan. Thaum tso tseg Russia lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv 1873 yuav tau xav txog Afghanistan ib tug "tsis zoo" ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab khoom ntiag nyob rau hauv Central Asia thiab British Is Nrias teb thiab ua raws li guarantors ntawm lub ywj pheej ntawm Afghanistan, British imperialism pib dua los npaj rau tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv 1878 pib ib tug tshiab ntxeem tau ntawm lub British nyob rau hauv Afghanistan. Occupying ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm nws ib ncig, ces nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1879 xaus nrog lub Emir Yakub sib raug zoo treaty ntawm gandamak uas tshwm sim los ib tug chim heev ntawm indignation nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Cov neeg ntawm Afghanistan ib zaug dua Rose mus rau liberation nriaj. Nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Maiwand (27 Lub Xya hli ntuj 1879) thiab lub tom ntej blockade ntawm lub British pab tub rog nyob rau hauv Kandahar, nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua rau Kabul thiab Ghazni, lub British raug kev txom nyem hnyav losses nyob rau hauv 1880 tau yuam kom khiav tawm lawv pab tub rog. Nyob rau hauv cov tshwm sim, lub British colonialists ua tsis tau tejyam rau siab ua tau paub los ntawm Afghanistan ntawm tag nrho cov khoom treaty ntawm gandamak. Nyob rau hauv domestic txoj cai, lub Afghan rulers khaws kev ywj siab, tab sis tsuas yog los ntawm cov viceroy ntawm British Is Nrias teb twb yuav coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Afghanistan txawv teb chaws kev sib raug zoo.

Ua tsov ua rog yuam rau cov neeg ntawm ces Afghanistan muaj nqi enormous tib neeg thiab cov ntaub ntawv losses, undermine lub tsim rog ntawm lub teb chaws, los loj kev puas tsuaj rau ua liaj ua teb, crafts, domestic luam, impeded socio-economic thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Nyob rau hauv lub xeem ob xyoo lawm ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Afghanistan tau nqa tawm ib system ntawm kev ntsuas tias tau muaj tus aim ntawm kev tsim kom muaj cov me nyuam yaus ntawm ib tug centralized lub xeev ntawm lub absolutist hom. Aims ntawm reinforcing lub hauv paus txoj cai thiab subordination lub kws pheej faav xeeb Emir Abdur Rahman Khan (1880-1901) yog dav xyaum resettlement ntawm Afghans nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb nyob rau hauv pas dej mojsab qhua chaw BAL ha, Mazar-i-Sharif, Baghlan, Kunduz, Hazarajat, Haza-Reitz, aimaq neeg, Turkmens, Uzbeks - nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb cov cheeb tsam; Kev pab kuj tau Nurystan paub. Settlers tau txais av - dawb xwb los yog nyob rau paaj lus. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov migrations yog hloov tsoom fwv hauv zos centralized administrative apparatus taws los ntawm cov Emir appoints lub governors ntawm lub xeev, uas tau raws li nyob rau hauv nws tsim ib tug tsis tu ncua cov tub rog, cov tub ceev xwm thiab lub Gendarmerie. Emir twb paub li lub taub hau ntawm tag nrho cov Muslims ntawm lub teb chaws thiab unlimited huab tais, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv essence undermine tus ntawm cov aristocracy thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub Afghan pab pawg neeg, nws twb tsis tau. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv tseem yuav txaus siab rau cov kev pab cuam ntawm tag nrho los yog zam los ntawm cov nyiaj ua se. Social them nyiaj yug ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub Emir yog cov tub rog thiab lub xeev bureaucracy thiab lub feudal lords, leej twg, muaj lub teb chaws li ntiag tug thiab tsis muaj ib tug tub rog militias, yuav tsum tau ib tug muaj zog centralized cai thiab cov kev pab tub rog. Lawv exploited lub Afghan thiab uas tsis yog-Afghan tax-them cov pejxeem, muaj ntau yam yuav tau them tus, sau mas nyob rau hauv zoo, nqi se thiab levies.