Harmonic oscillator: hom thiab siv

Technological kev kawm tau yog nqa tawm los ntawm txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub cev tshwm sim, discoveries nyob rau hauv quantum teb thiab lwm yam liaj teb. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm inventing tshiab kiag li lawm thiab accessories, los ntawm kev uas nws tseem tau mus nqa tawm ntau yam kev tshawb fawb thiab piav qhia txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov microworld. Ib tug xws li mechanism yog ib tug harmonic oscillator, hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txiav txim yog paub txij li thaum cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ancient civilizations.

Tus ntaus ntawv thiab nws cov hom

Harmonic oscillator - ib tug txhua yam uas yog nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab, uas yog piav los ntawm ib tug kab zauv ntawm lub linear differential coefficients nrog ib tug qhov nqi. Qhov yooj yim piv txwv ntawm xws li - cov load rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, pendulum Acoustic system, lub suab ntawm cov molecular hom thiab lwm cov neeg.

Conditionally yuav paub qhov txawv cov nram qab no ntawm pab kiag li lawm:

• Ib tug yooj yim harmonic oscillator - no lub system thaum muab tshem tawm los ntawm tus so txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm rog F, uas yuav tsum tau qhia los ntawm cov mis F = -kx, qhov twg k - caij nplooj ntoos hlav qhov ntawm lub cev, x - offset. Wherein F yog tus tsuas yog yam uas muaj feem xyuam rau lub oscillations.
• Tawm harmonic oscillator - no cov lus tsa suab yog nyob rau hauv ib tug dav hlau nrog ib tug kev ncaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no system yog hu ua ib tug ib-seem oscillations tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm quasi-elastic xwm.
• Lwj qauv - nyob ntawm no nyob rau hauv lub system kuj muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev sib txhuam quab yuam, uas yog qhia tiv thaiv lub zog thiab ua nyob rau hauv kev faib ua feem rau cov kev ceev ntawm lub deeg. Nyob rau hauv no damping yog feem ntau yus ib tug parameter muaj tsis muaj dimension thiab hu ua Q tau. Qhov no tus nqi yog ib tug ntawm cov system uas yuav txiav txim tus piv ntawm muab zog rau nws tsis nyob rau hauv ib tug oscillation lub sij hawm.

Kev siv lub ntaus ntawv

Qhov no ntaus ntawv yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb mas rau kev kawm cov xwm ntawm oscillatory systems. Lub quantum harmonic oscillator siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm photons ntsiab. Cov qhabnias ntawm thwmsim yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb. Yog li, lub physicists los ntawm cov American koom haum pom hais tias tus beryllium atoms situated rau ib tug ncaj loj deb ntawm txhua lwm yam, yuav sib tham nyob rau hauv ib tug quantum theem. Cov cwj pwm ntawm cov hais zoo li lub cev (hlau npas) nyob rau hauv lub loj heev, mus nyob rau hauv ib tug hnyav-returnable yam analogous harmonic oscillator. Beryllium ions, txawm hais tias lub cev loj mus, tus nqi qis tshaj zog pauv units (quanta). Qhov no discovery tso cai rau kom txhawb NWS-technologies, thiab muab ib tug tshiab daws nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov computer cov khoom thiab electronics.

Lub harmonic oscillator yog siv nyob rau hauv ntsuam cov suab paj nruas compositions. Qhov no yog hu ua spectroscopic kev tshawb fawb. Nws pom hais tias lub feem ntau ruaj khov system yog ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm plaub musicians (q). Thiab kawm tej hauj lwm yog feem ntau anharmonicity.