Hom ntawm ships: lub npe nrog rau cov duab

Tam sim no lub nkoj yog hu ua ib tug tub rog txog ntsha. Tankers, tej muaj, tej muaj, cov neeg nrog caij nkoj, thawv ships, ice tej fais fab thiab lwm yam cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kev ua si ntawm civil los yog coj mus muag fleets nyob rau hauv pawg no tsis muaj. Tab sis ib zaug, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov hnub ntawm navigation thaum noob neej muaj sau nyob rau hauv lub dawb qhov chaw ntawm sailing qhia vague ntaem tshiab Islands tuaj thiab txawm continents, tej sailing nkoj yog pom tias. Nyob rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib txhua yam uas lawv muaj ib rab phom, thiab pab neeg no muaj xav ua kom tau Fellows kam ua dab tsi rau profit thiab romance ntawm nyob deb tsev. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv cov cua hlob xyoo pua, muaj ib tug faib mus rau hauv hom ships. Daim ntawv teev cov nyob rau hauv raws li niaj hnub ntxiv yuav tau ua ib tug ntev heev, yog li ntawd koj yuav tsum mloog zoo rau sailing. Zoo, tej zaum koj yuav ntxiv ib co rowing tej nkoj nquam.

galley

Yog xav tau rau lawv - ib tug unenviable sib qhia. Tej txim nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm tos inveterate criminals. Thiab nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt, thiab Fink, thiab nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws lawv. Thaum lub sij hawm, muaj lwm yam ships, tab sis lub galleys siv kom txog thaum lub caij nyoog nruab nrab. Lub ntsiab tsav tsheb quab yuam yog cov heev convicts, tab sis pab lawv no tej zaum kuj sails, ncaj los yog voos ntsia rau ob los yog peb Masts. Los ntawm hnub no tus qauv, cov ships twb tsis loj, lawv xaav tsuas yog 30-70 tonnes thiab ib tug ntev tsis tshua zoo tshaj 30 meters, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov hnub lub luaj li cas ntawm ships nyob rau hauv general twb tsis loj loj. Lub rowers zaum nyob rau hauv kab, raws li kws txawj thiab historians, tsis ntau tshaj li peb txoj tiers. Riam phom gallery nta ballistae thiab Rams lub hneev, nyob rau hauv tom qab centuries, cov tub rog cov cuab tam thiab supplemented los ntawm artillery. Stroke, uas yog, kev ceev ntawm lub zog, tshuaj los ntawm cov thawj saib xyuas, nug atherosclerosis tshwj xeeb tambourines, thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, thiab ib tug nplawm.

Barki

Hom ntawm sailing hlab ntsha, peb contemporaries paub rau ob peb, tab sis ib txhia ntawm lawv yog cov tseem paub tsis tu ncua dua parades thiab thoob ntiaj teb regattas. barge "Sedov" thiab "Kruzenshtern" muab cia rau hauv Russia. Cov ships tsis tsuas qhia lub ntiaj teb no nws zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj pab mus rau kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais sailors, dua rau lawv xyaum nyob rau hauv lub lig kev cai ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Navy.

Yog li ntawd, cov tawv ntoo (hom npe los ntawm cov Flemish lo lus «khoob») yog ib lub nkoj nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm yees los ntawm peb mus rau tsib. Tag nrho nws cov sails ncaj, tsuas yog rau ib tug oblique SNAP qhia mizzen (aft mast). Nkoj - ships yog heev loj, xws li "Kruzenshtern" muaj ib tug ntev ntawm txog 115 meters, ib tug dav ntawm 14 meters, ib tug neeg coob ntawm 70 cov neeg. Txij li thaum nws tau ua nyob rau hauv 1926, thaum chav xyaw twb ntau nyob rau hauv nws cov tam sim no cov qauv thiab cov koom haum pab hwj chim tsev muaj peev xwm ntawm yuav luag kaum tsib puas kilowatts, loaded nrog ob propellers tsau suab. lub nkoj ceev, thiab tam sim no tsis zoo li me me, caij nkoj hauv cov chav kawm ntawm lub barge nce mus txog 17 cov pob caus ntawd. Sij hawm hom, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, nws yog txoj kev cai uas rau cov neeg ua lag luam marine ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo - Muab cov mixed cargo, mail thiab coob uas xam nrog los ntawm hiav txwv kab.

Brigantine seb puas tsimnyog tau sails

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tib barge, nrog ob tug Masts, hu ua Brigantine. Tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov ships txawv nyob rau hauv lawv lub hom phiaj thiab navigability. Brigantines faib kev ceev thiab yooj yim. Sailing rigging tov rau foresail (foremast) Sail ncaj thiab oblique mus rau lub Grotto. Favorite nkoj pirates ntawm lub seas. Keeb kwm qhov chaw hais txog cov neeg brigantine thiaj li hu ua "Bermuda Grotto", piv txwv li ib cov voos sail, ncav us txog ntawm liktrosom thiab cov luff, tab sis tsis muaj ntawm cov tseem muaj sia nyob mej zeej ntawm lub hom tej zaum yuav tsis khav rau lawv. Txawm li cas los, cov nuances yog paj xwb tshwj xeeb.

frigates

Raws li cov fleet ntawm ib co hom warships nyob, lwm leej lwm tus zoo, thaum lwm tus neeg muab rau ib tug txawv lub ntsiab lus. Ib qho piv txwv yog lub frigate. Cov tswvyim no twb dim lub tom qab hom xws li lub nkoj tua rog, dreadnoughts , thiab txawm lub nkoj tua rog. Yeej muaj tseeb niaj hnub no kawg roughly sau raws nkaus Ii lub notion ntawm Soviet loj antisubmarine nkoj, tab sis nws suab luv luv thiab cas zoo nkauj. Nyob rau hauv cov thawj kev txiav txim zoo, nws yog ib tug peb-masted txog ntsha nrog ib lub lawj ntawm artillery phom 20-30. Los ntawm txoj kev, "no kawg" los ntawm lub XVII xyoo pua rau ib ntev lub sij hawm twb ntxiv lub chaw "Dunkirk" txhais tau tias preferential siv nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib thaj tsam ntawm lub naval ua yeeb yam ua tsov ua rog, uas yog nyob ib sab mus rau lub Pas-de-Calais. Qhov no style nta kev ceev. Ces, raws li cov voos kheej-kheej nce autonomy, lawv raug hu ua tsuas frigate. Xaav - qhov nruab nrab rau lub sij hawm uas, kwv yees li . 800-1000 m Cov nto moo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab frigate hu ua "Pallás", nyob rau nws nyob rau hauv 1855, yog ua zoo kawg nkaus ntoj ke mus kawm rau lub shores ntawm East Asia nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm Admiral E. V. Putyatina.

caravel

"Nws mus kev zoo li ib tug caravel ..." - sung nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov pop song. Txawm mus tshawb cov hom ntawm sailing ships, ua ntej composing phau ntawv rau yav tom ntej hits. Ib tug tseem qhuas kuv thiab yog ib tug me ntsis tsis meej xwm. Tsis yog txhua txhua tus ntxhais xav kom yuav tsum muab piv rau lub Nqa muaj peev xwm, loj thiab haum hnyav nkoj. Dhau li ntawd, lub caravel qhov ntswg siab thab, yog dab tsi kuj yuav undesirable uglyadet hint.

Txawm li cas los, mas nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm chav kawm, ib tug zoo nautical zog. Nws yog lub npe hu feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov fact uas Columbus ua nws ntoj ke mus kawm rau lub shores ntawm lub ntiaj teb tshiab yog nyob rau hauv peb caravels ( "Santa Maria", "Pinta" thiab "Nina"). Outwardly, lawv yuav tsum distinguished nyob rau ntawm lub hais tias kom tso tsheb hlau luam (qhov ntswg ntxiv-ins), raws li zoo raws li sailing SNAP qhia. Masts peb jib ncaj, thiab tus so - los ntawm lub Latin (oblique) sails.

Lub hom phiaj - ntev hiav txwv thiab transoceanic mus ncig ua si.

Los ntawm cov lo lus "caravel" morphologically tshwm sim Lavxias teb sab lo lus "nkoj". Nws muab lub npe thiab tus naas ej Fabkis neeg nrog caij aircraft, yog zoo nkauj heev.

Clippers

Rau ceev ua luam dej yog tag nrho cov hom ntawm ships. Cov npe ntawm lub tsev hais plaub yog tsis nco ntsoov txog, tab sis muaj kev zam. Qhia ib tug neeg lo lus "cruiser", thiab ces txhua yam yuav xav hais tias ib yam dab tsi - ib co "Aurora", lub lwm yam "Varyag". Hais txog Clippers tsuas yog ib txoj kev - "Cutty Sark". Qhov no nkoj yog ib tug ntev thiab nqaim lub cev mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm rau ob peb yog vim li cas, tab sis lub ntsiab thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov zoo tshaj ntawm nws ceev. Xa tshuaj yej los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, coj lub mail rau nyob deb zos thiab ua heev me kev txiav txim ntawm tus poj huab tais tau raug muab rau lub Clippers thiab lawv pawg. Thiab lawv txoj hauj lwm no cov hlab ntsha kom txog thaum lub tsos ntawm steamships, thiab nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub tom qab ntawd.

galleons

Mus los ntawm cov laus hom warships, ib tug yuav tsis nco qab txog lub Great Armada, ib tug rival ntawm lub British fleet nyob rau hauv lub XVI caug xyoo. Cov ntsiab chav tsev ntawm no formidable quab yuam yog ib Spanish galleon. Phim cov perfection yuav tsis muaj nws, tsis muaj sailing txog ntsha thaum lub sij hawm. Thaum nws cov tub ntxhais yog ib tug txawm caravel, nrog ib tug txo superstructure ntawm lub tank (tib yam "muaj hau ntswj li koj lub qhov ntswg" twb yuav luag zoo), thiab ib tug elongated lub cev. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, qub lus Mev shipbuilders tau kev zoo dua kuj, txo kuj mus tsis thiab, thiaj li, kom ceev. Maneuverability yog tseem zoo. Lwm yam kev warships XVI xyoo pua galleon ntsia ze rau ib tug luv luv thiab siab dhau heev lawm (nws yog ib tug disadvantage nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj yooj yim dua mus ntaus). Qhia txog Utah (aft superstructure) muas ib lub zoo lawm, thiab cov neeg coob los ua swm tej yam kev mob. Nws yog thawj galleons nyob latrines (chaw), li no cov keeb kwm ntawm cov lo lus.

Xaav ntawm "lub nkoj tua rog ntawm lub XVI xyoo pua" mus txoj los ntawm 500 mus rau 2 txhiab. Tonnes. Lawv thaum kawg tau zoo nkauj heev, lawv twb dai kom zoo nkauj nrog intricate carvings, thiab nws lub qhov ntswg twb crowned nrog ib tug zoo kawg li cov duab puab.

schooners

Muaj hom loj ships, uas ua "workhorses" tsim los nqa ib tug ntau yam ntawm cargoes. Cov lawv ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw yog nyob los ntawm ib tug schooner. Nws mnogomachtovye lub tsev hais plaub, yus nyob rau hauv uas nyob rau ntawm tsawg kawg yog ob tug ntawm lawv Rigs oblique. Lawv yog cov marselnymi, stakselnymi, Bermuda lossis gaff, nyob ntawm seb zoo li cas xyov lub mast nruab nrog slanting sails. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias tus kab nruab nrab ntawm ob-masted schooner marselnoy bramselnoy los yog brigantine thiab heev zwj ceeb. Qhov no hom yog paub los ntawm lub XVII caug xyoo. Feem ntau cov kis nws tiav nyob rau hauv trading lub US Navy, nyob rau hauv particular, hma Larsen, lub cim ntawm Jack London, thiab nws pab neeg hunts rau hiav txwv tom tsov ntxhuav yog on board. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, lwm hom tsheb yog yooj yim uas tswj (Raws li George. London no txawm kho siab neeg tsav nkoj muaj). Feem ntau cov feem ntau, tus schooner twb ob thiab peb-masted, tab sis muaj mob thaum lub SNAP qhia yog ntau npaum li cas heev heev. Thawj cov ntaub ntawv twb teem nyob rau hauv 1902, thaum lub nkoj yog nws txo qis rau hauv cov dej uas muaj xya lub Masts ( "ob Thomas Lawson," Quincy shipyard).

Lwm hom kev ships

Cov duab Sailboats, tuaj txog ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb regatta nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, luam tawm nyob rau hauv ntawv xov xwm, cov phau ntawv Magazine thiab nyob rau nplooj ntawv Web site. Tej hits - yeej ib txwm muaj kev tshwm sim, txoj kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis yog piv rau lwm yam. Barki, brigantine, corvettes, frigates, Clippers, kechi, yachts yog tag nrho cov hom ntawm ships, ciaj, qhov zoo ces, mus rau lub hnub tam sim no. Qhov no spectacle ntxhov los ntawm lub neej txhua hnub thiab yuav siv sij hawm tus tuav mus rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem, tag nrho ntawm taug txuj kev nyuaj thiab romance ntawm nyob deb tsev. Qhov no neeg tsav nkoj yuav tsum tau sai dlua kos duab rau ntawm sailing navigation, yog li xav hais tias nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws thiab peb muaj raws li zoo. Nce toj lub rigging li, deploying sails thiab nqus cov dawb cua ntawm lub hiav txwv, nws tseem tau mus coj lawv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tej thaj chaw deb tswj ntawm qhuav cargo, tankers thiab cruise hnab twb qhib lawm balkerovozov. Xws li ib tug neeg tsav nkoj koj yuav xyuam xim cia siab rau txoj hmoo ntawm cov cargo thiab lub neej ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb, nws yuav tsis poob.