Hydrochloric acid: physico-tshuaj zog, cov kev npaj thiab kev siv

Concentrated hydrochloric acid yog siv nyob rau hauv tus kws tsom xam, rau kho lub hom phiaj yog siv nta. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev Pharmacopeia yog tshwj xeeb ntxhuav uas los txiav txim seb qhov feem pua acid cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov aqueous tov. Ua li no, cia li yuav tsum tau paub nws tej lub ntiajteb txawj nqus.

Siv cov lub rooj, koj yuav tau yooj yim zoo nkauj mus saib lub concentration ntawm cov acid tshuaj. Pa (tsis muaj tseeb txaus) acid kev daws teeb meem yuav ua tau sai sai npaj siv ntau txoj kev. Piv txwv li, hydrochloric acid muaj ib tug meej lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm 1.19, i.e. muaj 37% HC1. Xav hais tias hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los npaj 100 ml ntawm 10% acid. Yuav kom ua tau li ntawd, ua ib tug coj kev faib ua feem: nyob rau hauv txhua txhua 100 qhov chaw los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm muaj HC1 muaj 37 qhov chaw ntawm hydrogen chloride. Vim hais tias peb yuav tsum tau npaj ib tug 10% tov, nws yuav tsum muaj kaum qhov chaw rau ib puas hnyav qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuaj.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no X - yog ib tug nqi uas yuav qhia tau ntau npaum li cas coj qhov chaw los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm 37 feem pua daws mus rau, diluting nrog dej rau 100 qhov chaw los ntawm qhov ceeb thawj, kom tau 10% cov kua:

100-37

X-10

X = 100 * 10/37 = 27 qhov chaw los ntawm ceeb thawj.

Hydrogen chloride - heev tshuaj lom tshuaj uas yuav ua rau mob loj heev kev kub nyhiab li zoo raws li tag nrho cov kab mob tshuaj muaj taug. Raws li ib tug antidote rau lom HC1 siv magnesia. Yuav kom neutralize cov acid tej zaum kuj yuav siv thiab xub npus dej, sprayed tsiaj hluav ncaig, mis nyuj, ntau yam enveloping substance.

Qaug cawv acids los ntawm lub qhov ncauj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab emetics, raws li zoo raws li cov kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj hauv muaj carbonated alkali. Yog hais tias lom plab twb ntxuav nrog copious nqi dej nrog ib tug kev sojntsuam. Zoo tau yog tau los ntawm kev ntxiv dej rau magnesium oxide impurity. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lwm kub yus acids, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom ib tug qhov chaw ntawm yeej rau ib ntev lub sij hawm mus ntxuav nrog dej. Teb hlawv thiab nws ncig twb lim nrog cov ntshiab ethanol thiab ces kom ib tug slurry ntawm sodium bicarbonate, thiab nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nws - cawv gauze.

Hydrogen chloride yog zoo kawg nkaus soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Thaum 0 C ͦ ib ntim dej yaj puas tagnrho cov roj. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, kev lag luam thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag yog heev feem ntau siv hydrochloric acid. Nws mis yog sawv cev los ntawm hydrogen thiab halo - C1.

HC1 Npaj nyob rau hauv qhov yooj yim tshuaj lag luam hlorovodorodistogo ntawm roj absorbed los ntawm cov dej. Chloride, hydrogen yog ua los ntawm reacting sulfuric acid nrog sodium tshuaj dawb.

purity Test

Muaj ib co uas yuav tsum tau:

- hydrochloric acid nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis muaj hnyav hlau salts, nitric, cov pa roj nitrous thiab sulphurous acids, free tshuaj thiab arsenic;

- tso cai xwb tsis tseem ceeb txaus ib co kua nplaum hlau ntsev, free C1 impurities yuav qhib los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: C12 + 12 + 2K1-2KS1;

- rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm impurities ntawm sulfurous acid npaj tov ntawm iodine nyob rau hauv poov tshuaj iodide qhia - sodium cov hmoov txhuv nplej cov kob xiav xim ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm sulphurous acid yog bleached tsis pub dhau 30 vib nas this

- tseem ceeb residue rau evaporation 10 grams ntawm acid yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.01 feem pua (mineral impurities).

Lub quantitative tsom xam nqa tawm los ntawm titration nrog sodium hydroxide daws nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm methyl txiv kab ntxwv qhia. HC1 pub cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv acid 24,8-25,2%.

Hydrochloric acid yog muaj nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lom kua. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv pais plab kua txiv, nws concentration yog li 0.5%, nws yuav pab mus ua txhaum down proteins. Dilute HC1 (8.2%) thaum xeem inwardly activates hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm pepsinogen (proenzyme) rau hauv pepsin, tej lub secretory kev ua si ntawm lub pancreas, yeej txhawb lub zog ntawm lub plab txheem rau hauv cov hnyuv. Nws exhibits ib antibacterial nyhuv hauv relation mus rau lub vegetative thiab spore microflora. Qhov no acid yog muab lus rau cov txo acidity, rau ib co kab nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj peev xwm anemia.