Ib suam ntawm ntau lawm thiab kev noj pov tseg. Ib suam ntawm pov tseg teeb meem hauv chav kawm ntawv

General kev faib pov tseg noj thiab ntau lawm yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Yog li ntawd, kom yooj yim, ntau zaus siv cov yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm xws li ib tug kev sib cais.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov pov tseg faib mus rau hauv hom

Yog li, cov qauv ntawm cov yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus los ntawm cov nram qab no hais:

• tsim ntawm qhov chaw (ceg kos npe rau);
• hauv lub xeev ntawm aggregation;
• nyob rau hauv ntau lawm voj voog;
• cov lus qhia ntawm kev siv.

Cia peb nyob rau txhua ntawm lawv.

Raws li rau ntau sectors

Qhov no faib tawm pov tseg nyob rau hauv kev xyaum yog feem ntau kuj. Nws ua tau rau cov sectoral hauv paus ntsiab lus. Coob share kev faib ntawm cov khoom pov tseg, cov uas yog: pov tseg uas tsis yog-ferrous los yog ferrous co, thee, tshuaj thiab ntoo ua lag luam.

State of aggregation

Tej pov tseg faib pub rau ntau precisely rau qhia rau lawv raws li ib tug ua kua, khoom los yog gaseous. Qhov no nqe yog ib qho tseem ceeb thaum xaiv ib tug cia technology, ntxiv ua los puas tsuaj.

Yog li, lub gaseous pov tseg yuav tsum muab cia rau hauv tshwj xeeb tso tsheb hlau luam, kua - kaw ntim, thiab cov khoom - nyob rau hauv ntim ntawm lub chaw los yog landfills.

Yuav kom txiav txim lawv ua technology kev faib chav kawm ntawv ntawm pov tseg yuav tsum tau siv, muab cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm combustibility thiab explosiveness. Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog lawv cov tshuaj muaj taug.

Raws li cov ntau lawm mus

Tej zaum ib tug faib ntawm muaj pov tseg, uas yog lub koom haum rau ib tug sectoral hauv paus. Qhov no tso cai rau lawv mus kho los ntawm cov txheej txheem kauj ruam ua ib yam khoom rau lub nrhiav kom tau ntawm haujlwm nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm uas tej zaum yuav tsim nyob rau hauv tej byproducts.

Ib qho piv txwv yog cov tshuaj ua lag luam, nyob rau hauv uas lub volumetric residues uas tsis muab rau zus tau tej txheej txheem (thaum lub sij hawm distillation los yog rectification) tej zaum yuav tsim nyob rau thaum lub sij hawm lub synthesis ntawm cov organic tshuaj.

Qhov saum toj no kev faib ntawm cov khib nyiab nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawv tsom rua lub kev saib xyuas ntawm lawv cov kev siv raws li ib tug thib ob raw khoom. Yog li ntawd, qhov no qeb duas qhia feem ntau ntau, thiab xwb ces - zoo.

Lub cev thiab tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm pov tseg

pov tseg faib physicochemical zog yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qhov kev luj xyuas ntawm lawv tej yam rau cov ib puag ncig. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, koom tej thiab lom Cheebtsam.

World Health Organization tsim ib tug faib ntawm pov tseg teeb meem chav kawm ntawv, txais yuav los ntawm lub UN nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv tej kev pab cuam. Nws muaj xws li ib daim ntawv teev tej thiab lom Cheebtsam, uas yog tso tawm nyob rau hauv ntau lawm txoj. Cov tib daim ntawv muaj xws li nram qab no tshuaj: arsenic, pharmaceuticals, ntau yam organohalogen tebchaw thiab, ntawm chav kawm, cov tshuaj mercury.

Raws li ib tug hais txog ntawm toxicity ntawm tshuaj noj ib tuag koob tshuaj coefficient siv uas ib nrab ntawm cov kev kuaj cov tsiaj uas tuag tshwm sim.

Khib sorting teeb meem

Tej pov tseg faib yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub concentration ntawm tej yam tshuaj lom muaj nyob rau hauv lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd coj mus rau hauv tus account thiab cov synergistic nyhuv ntawm ob peb yam.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, European lub teb chaws, pov tseg faib teeb meem hauv chav kawm ntawv raws li lawv tej kev ua tau zoo. Yog li, qhov no mus kom ze yog neeg txhaum, vim hais tias cov txheej txheem yog hampered lawv tshuaj xyuas raws li cov ntaub ntawv raw ntxiv siv nyob rau hauv tus muaj sector.

Siv twj raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv rau zus tau tej cov

Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab hom phiaj ntawm tej coj mus muag thiab industrial kev ua si - ua tau raws li cov nyiaj khaws tseg ntawm lub zog thiab raw cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no economic tej yam kev mob ib convergence ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm tej kev pab thiab producers, uas muaj niaj hnub ntau lawm chaw thiab yees siv pov tseg raws li ib tug raw khoom.

Tsis zoo li raw cov ntaub ntawv, pov tseg tsis tau pre-taw qhia kom paub ib tug teb ntawm kev siv. Yog li, tib pov tseg yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam muaj teb. Yog li ntawd, rau ib tug tsim nyog faib raws li no feature nws yog advisable mus paub ib co ntawm lawv yus nta. Yog li, tag nrho cov pov tseg yuav grouped rau hauv peb lub ntsiab pawg:

1. Muaj unfavorable yam ntxwv xws li tsis muaj kev homogeneity ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev coj dawb huv. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no - sib txawv theem ntawm coj thiab tsim kua muag, pa phem, climatic yam. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov yam ntxwv yog stochastic xwm, nrog rau lawv cov kev pab yog determined koos khib technology thiab qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub complex economic thiab tej teeb meem.
2. Kev tsav tsheb kiag khib kev faib yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub possibilities ntawm kev siv raws li ib tug thib ob raw khoom. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, muab ib tug txheej ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas yuav tsum ntsuas thiab muaj nyob rau hauv specifications thiab kev qauv uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov kev pom kev coj ntawm recycling.
3. Txij li thaum thawj raw khoom nyhav tig nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem raws li pov tseg, nrog rau tus poob los yog deterioration ntawm ib co zoo mas yuav kis tau thiab kho thaj chaw uas tsis yam ntxwv rau analogue chiv.

Yog li ntawd, qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub pov tseg yuav tsum tau raws li nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab txhais rau txhua tus neeg hom ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau ntsuas thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm nws txoj kev siv.

pov tseg faib specifications

Raws li cov kev faib ntawm cov tshuaj uas raug tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm tsim txoj kev, lawv muaj peev xwm yuav grouped rau hauv ob lub ntsiab pawg:

• thaj chaw uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov khoom, lawv ntsuas yog yuav tsum tau thaum txiav txim tsoos txoj kev ntawm kev siv;
• tshiab khiv nrhav zog, lawv ntsuas yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim tshiab thiab txoj kev txoj kev siv siv cov ntaub ntawv.

Kev txiav txim ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thawj pab pawg neeg yog ua los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm cov scientific ntaub ntawv thiab txuj kev cov ntaub ntawv.

Rau pov tseg nrog tshiab khiv nrhav zog yuav tsum tau txoj kev ob leeg standardized ntsuas txoj kev rau lawv lub zog, raws li zoo raws li paub lwm yam tsim nyog zog.

Ib suam ntawm pov tseg

Rau tsev neeg pov tseg tej zaum yuav txwv kom muab zais li unfit rau ntxiv siv tsev neeg cov khoom, khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov khoom uas tau poob lawv cov neeg zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no qeb muaj xws li kiag khib nyiab, faib yog txiav txim los ntawm lub hauv qab no hais: tsis kam thiab tsev neeg pov tseg.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm no hom ntawm pov tseg yuav yog nyob ntawm seb xws yam: cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub cheeb tsam thiab lub teb chaws, cov kev cai theem ntawm cov pej xeem thiab nws kev lis kev cai, lub sij hawm no ntawm lub xyoo thiab lwm yam Hais txog ib tug thib peb ntawm tag nrho cov MSW - packing khoom, tus nqi ntawm cov uas yog lossi ua.

Classification yog raws li nyob rau hauv pov tseg multicomponent muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab heterogeneity, tsis tshua muaj ceev thiab tsis khov (muaj peev xwm lwj). Raws li khib nyiab qhov chaw txais thaj vaj tse, raws li zoo li khw, kev ua si, thiab lwm yam lag luam thiab cov koom haum.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm xws pov tseg muaj xws li cov nram qab no ntawm lawv:

• Cardboard (daim ntawv);
• loj cov ntaub ntawv;
• khoom noj khoom haus pov tseg;
• co thiab yas;
• tawv thiab roj hmab;
• iav, textiles, thiab ntoo.

Yog li ntawd ib tug generalized pov tseg cais.

Pov tseg ntawm pov tseg

Ntawm cov thiaj li hu ua khib nyiab yuav paub lub ntsiab hom ntawm nws hais tias koj xav mus nqa.

1. Khoom vaj khoom tsev. Nws siv yog tsim nyog rau tag nrho cov lag luam uas tsis xav kom muaj teeb meem nrog ntxawg tub ceev xwm. Mus nqa tawm no nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug tsim nyog yog vim li cas, paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm qhov kev tso cai nyob rau hauv lub lag luam chaw yuav muaj teeb meem. Yog li ntawd, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv - tig mus rau lub tuam txhab, uas yog koom nyob rau hauv kev recycling ntawm pov tseg.
2. Yas, ua npuas ncauj, daim ntawv, thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, cov khoom uas lub packing. Cov ua ntawm cov khib nyiab muaj crushing lawv, thiab xwb ces yog tsim rau hauv pellets thiab yog siv raws li ib tug thib ob raw khoom.
3. Fluorescent teeb. Lawv yog cov txaus nyiam txaus rau ua, txij thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob unit, lub hauv paus thiab lub teeb - ib tug tseem ceeb raw khoom. Los ntawm peb lub neej peb paub tias qhov no yuav tsis muab pov khib nyiab xwb vim hais tias ntawm lub fact tias nws muaj mercury. Txawm li cas los, thaum pauv mus rau lub pov tseg ntawm tuam txhab uas muag-processors yuav tsum tau no raw khoom tsum tauj ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab qhov no ntxiv nqi.
4. Roj teeb. Niaj hnub no, nws pib tshwm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txais tos ntawm no hom ntawm pov tseg. Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab lub xeev haum yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm lub nce qib, advertising thiab lub awakening ntawm nco qab ntawm cov pejxeem. Cov khoom no, raws li zoo raws li fluorescent teeb, yog tseem txaus ntshai rau cov ib puag ncig. Ib lub roj teeb uas muaj peev xwm paug txog 20 sq. meters ntawm thaj av ib ncig thiab lub sij hawm uas nws expansion - ib tug peb lub hlis twg ib puas xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias uas nyob rau hauv nws muaj teeb meem co xws li mercury, cadmium thiab cov hlau lead.

Plua plav nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj

Ib suam ntawm pov tseg nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj raws li cov kev txawj ntse ntawm cov tsev. Qhov no yog tsuas siv ntaub nplaum thiab gauze, tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg, pharmaceuticals los sis cov ntshav.

Tag nrho cov khib nyiab los ntawm cov kev kho mob tsev tau attracted kev saib xyuas, txij li thaum nws muaj peev xwm ua rau ib tug tej zaum kev hem thawj rau lub cheeb tsam.

Tag nrho pov tseg los ntawm kev noj qab nyob chaw, nyob ntawm seb nyob rau theem ntawm toxicological, epidemiological thiab moj yam teeb meem yog muab faib ua tsib chav kawm ntawm kev txaus ntshai.

Piv txwv li, hoob A muab uas tsis yog-tej pov tseg tias muaj teeb meem, tsis yav tas los nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub kua nruab nrog cev ntawm cov neeg mob thiab cov kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov hoob kawm no muaj xws li qhov uas tsis yog-tshuaj lom pov tseg.

Class B muaj xws li kab pov tseg. Qhov no tej zaum yuav muaj feem ntaub ntawv thiab cov cuab yeej uas tus kab mob nrog kua ntawm cov neeg mob. Tseem tau sau yog organic tshuaj tom qab ua hauj lwm.

Kev ruaj Class B - tsim kev piam sij pov tseg, uas muaj xws li pov tseg los ntawm Microlaboratory, raws li zoo raws li cov ntaub ntawv uas tau nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov neeg mob uas tej sib cov kab mob.

Class D - litter, uas zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv mus rau lub industrial. Cov no muaj xws tshuaj, tsiostatiki, raws li zoo raws li cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv, uas muaj xws li mercury.

Kev ruaj Class D - tej pov tseg, uas muaj xws li cov thoob khib nyiab kho mob chaw uas muaj tej yam.

Summing li, peb yuav hais nrog cog qoob loo uas cov pov tseg ntawm tag nrho cov hom yuav ua tau ib tug guarantee ntawm sustainability, thiab qhov no yog tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv peb tham niaj hnub ntiaj teb no.