Steel R6M5: tus yam ntxwv, daim ntawv thov

Alloy lub caij ntawm lub yim pab pawg neeg ntawm cov Periodic Mendeleyev System ntawm atomic tooj 26 (hlau) nrog ib co carbon thiab lwm yam hais feem ntau hu ua hlau. Nws muaj zog thiab hardness, lacks ductility thiab toughness vim cov pa roj carbon. Alloying ntsiab kom lub yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau. Txawm li cas los steel yog pom tias yuav tsum muaj ib tug nws yog xim hlau khoom uas muaj tsawg kawg yog 45% hlau.

Xav txog ib tug hlau xws li steel R6M5, thiab kawm tau dab tsi yam ntxwv nws muaj thiab nyob rau hauv uas qhov chaw siv.

Manganese li ib tug alloying caij

Kom txog thaum lub XIX xyoo pua rau cov kev kho mob uas tsis yog-ferrous co thiab ntoo siv cov hlau. Nws tej yam ntxwv rau qhov no yog heev txaus. Txawm li cas los, thaum sim ua lub cuab tam steel qhov chaw sov heev sai sai hnav tawm thiab txawm deformed.

English metallurgist Robert Myushett los ntawm thwmsim pom tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua lub alloy check ntau, nws yog tsim nyog los ntxiv ib qho oxidant, uas yuav dawb rau nws los ntawm cov pa dhau heev lawm. Cov cam khwb cia hlau Steel ntxiv hlau iav, uas muaj manganese. Vim nws yog ib tug alloying caij, nws feem pua yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.8%. Yog li, steel R6M5 muaj los ntawm 0.2% mus rau 0.5% manganese.

tungsten hlau

Twb tau nyob rau 1858 nyob rau zus tau tej cov alloys nrog tungsten ua hauj lwm muaj ntau zaum thiab metallurgists. Lawv paub hais tias qhov no yog ib qho ntawm feem refractory hlau. Ntxiv nws mus rau lub steel li ib tug alloying caij pub kom tau ib tug hlau uas yuav withstand kub muaj peevxwm thiab tsis hnav tawm.

Steel R6M5 muaj 5.5-6.5% tungsten. Alloys nrog nws txheem feem ntau pib nrog tsab ntawv "P" thiab yog hu ua high-ceev. Steel twb xub npaj nyob rau hauv 1858 godu Myushettom muaj 9% tungsten, 2.5% manganese thiab 1.85 carbon. Tom qab ntawd, muab ib tug ntxiv 0.3% C, 0,4% Kr thiab tshem tawm% Mn 1,62, W 3,56%, metallurgist tau txais hlau hu ua Samokaev (P6M5). Raws li nws tus yam ntxwv, nws yog tseem zoo li tus P18 hlau.

tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm tungsten

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv lub 1860s, thaum ntau ntawm lub ntsiab twb nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov abundance, tungsten hlau nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv mas suav hais tias lub feem ntau check. Thaum lub sij hawm, qhov no caij nyob rau hauv qhov yog tau txais me me, thiab tus nqi rau nws yog loj hlob.

Los ntawm ib qho nyiaj txiag taw tes ntawm view mus ntxiv ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm W nyob rau hauv lub steel nws tau los ua tsis tau yus. Vim li no, steel R6M5 nyiam ntau dua tej chaw tshaj P18. Tom qab kev pom lawv tshuaj nyob tus yeees, peb yuav pom tias lub tungsten cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv P18 - 17-18,5%, thaum, raws li nyob rau hauv lub tungsten-molybdenum hlau - txog li ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm 6.5%. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws samokale tuaj mus txog 0.25% tooj liab thiab mus txog rau 5.3% molybdenum.

Lwm yam alloying ntsiab

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau saum toj carbon, manganese, tungsten thiab molybdenum, steel R6M5 kuj muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg cov cobalt (0.5%), chromium (4.4%), tooj liab (0.25%), vanadium (2.1%) phosphorus (0.03%), sulfur (0.025%), npib tsib xee (0.6%) silicon (0.5%). Yog vim li cas lawv yuav tsum tau?

Txhua yam ntawm tus alloying caij nws muaj nws tus kheej muaj nuj nqi. Piv txwv li, chromium yog yuav tsum tau rau thermal tsevneeg, thiab npib tsib xee tsub kom lub viscosity. Molybdenum thiab vanadium zoo tshem tawm brittleness tom qab tempering. Ib txhia ntawm tej kev alloying ntsiab txhim kho lub thaj chaw ntawm steel li liab hardness thiab kub hardness.

Steel R6M5, tus yam ntxwv uas peb muaj kev kawm, nyob rau hauv lub hardened lub xeev yeej muaj ib tug hardness ntawm HRC 66 ntawm ib txoj kev kuaj kub ntawm 600 ° C. Qhov no txhais tau tias txawm muaj muaj zog cua sov nws tsis poob nws tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub dag lub zog thiab, yog li ntawd, tsis hnav tawm thiab tsis deform.

los R6M5

Piav steel nyob ntawm yuav ua li cas nws yog ua, uas muaj xws li alloying ntsiab thiab muaj ntau npaum li cas cov pa roj carbon. Rau ntau hom kev muaj lawv tus kheej designations. Yog hais tias, piv txwv li, lub alloy muaj alloying hais, nws yog denoted "Cm" thiab cov xov tooj tom ntej uas qhia qhov nruab nrab carbon cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv steel (St20, St45).

Tus thawj tsawg-alloyed alloys yog qhov feem pua ntawm cov pa roj carbon, thiab ces tus ntawv denoting cov tshuaj ntsiab (10HSND, 20HN4FA). Yog hais tias tom ntej no mus rau lawv, raws li nyob rau hauv lub Piv txwv li, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nuj nqis - txhais tau tias tus txheem ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv tsis pub tshaj 1%. Cov tsab ntawv "R" nyob rau hauv lub hlau stamp ntawd hais tias nws yog ib tug HSS (sai).

Qab nws muaj ib tug xov tooj - yog qhov feem pua ntawm tungsten (P9, P18), thiab ntxiv mus, cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov nuj nqis - yog lub alloying ntsiab thiab cov feem pua. Los ntawm no nws hais ntxiv hais tias kev kub ceev steel R6M5 muaj txog li 6% tungsten thiab mus txog rau 5% molybdenum.

annealing

Raws li ib tug txoj cai, zus tau tej cov xws hlau classical thiab thov rau tag nrho cov high-ceev steels. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tungsten-molybdenum hlau yog tiag tiag check, khoom thiab check, nws yuav tsum tau annealed.

Yog hais tias lwm hom, piv txwv li, ST45, poob nws lub zog zog thaum lub sij hawm annealing, lub high-ceev, on qhov tsis tooj, yuav zoo thiab ua muaj zog thiab ntau khoom. Uas yog vim li cas R6M5 annealed ua ntej hardening. Yuav ua li cas no tshwm sim?

Ntiav (e.g., web "steel R6M5") ntawm txog 22 hli nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb cua sov yog rhuab mus rau ib tug kub ntawm 870 ° C, ces txias mus rau 800 ° C, thiab ces rhuab dua. Tej mus yuav txog 10.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab lub thib tsib tsim nyog los txo qhov kub thiab txias maj. Piv txwv li, tab sis rov los ua cua sov rau 850 ° C yog txias mus rau 780 ° C. Thiab yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv kom txog thaum nws nce mus txog theem ntawm 600 ° C.

Xws li ib tug complex annealing txheej txheem vim lub xub ntiag ntawm lub austenite nplej nyob rau hauv lub doped hlau, uas yog heev undesirable. Cua sov thiab cua txias maximizes yaj alloying hais, tab sis cov austenite yuav tsis loj hlob.

Yog hais tias tsis withstand kub thiab ua annealing ntawm ib tug kub siab tshaj 900 ° C, tus muaj zog npaum li cas ntawm austenite yog tsim thiab hardness ntawm lub alloy tsawg. Cua txias yog pom zoo kom siv cov roj da dej, nws yuav cawm los ntawm lub tungsten-molybdenum hlau tej kab nrib pleb thiab nadkoly.

Cov raug txoj kev R6M5

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, zoo li lwm yam alloy, R6M5 ua nyob rau hauv ntau ntau thiab tsawg. Yog li, nyob rau hauv ib co khw kub-speed steel yog muab pov rau hauv ingots. Nyob rau lwm yog cov ntau lawm ntawm nws kub-dov ntiav. Ua li no, lub rhuab tuav crimped ntawm lub yob ntawm cov dov zeb. Nws daim ntawv yog tau yuav nyob ntawm seb tus duab ntawm lub shafts rau lawv tus kheej.

Hom steel R6M5 lug siv rau qhov chaw khiav hauj lwm thaum muaj kev kub kub. Vim li no, nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo ib tug heev nrov txoj kev uas ua tau steel yog hmoov.

Thaum nchuav kub steel ingots, yog heev ceev ceev los nag ntawm carbides los ntawm cov yaj. Nyob rau hauv ib co chaw, lawv tsim ib tug uas tsis yog-uniform cheeb tsam ntawm lub pawg, uas nyob rau hauv yav tom ntej yog birthplace ntawm tej kab nrib pleb.

Thaum qhov siv thiab ua cov hmoov, ib tug tshwj xeeb hmoov, tag nrho cov tsim nyog Cheebtsam yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv uas muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws tshwj xeeb sintered nyob rau hauv ib lub tshuab nqus ntim nrog ib tug high school kub thiab siab. Qhov no muaj txhawb rau lub fact tias cov ntaub ntawv uas puv homogeneous.

daim ntawv thov

Steel R6M5 lug siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam industries. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws yog siv rau qhov siv thiab ua tej lub cuab yeej rau tig, milling thiab drilling tshuab nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Qhov no yog vim nws tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub dag lub zog, Thaum tshav kub kub kuj, hardness.

Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog los ntawm hnyiab, cov kais dej, tuag, cutters. Tej cuab tam steel R6M5 zoo rau tej thaum muaj kev kub ceev, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tsis yuav tsum tau tub yees Gomel. R6M5 steel riam - nws tseem yog tsis yooj yim dua.

Txij li thaum tungsten-molybdenum hlau muaj siab hardness thiab siab viscosity, nws yog feem ntau siv rau qhov siv thiab ua tuaj nrog muaj zog caj npab thiab zoo nkauj qauv.

Alloying ntsiab nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau npaum li cas pub rau tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb hlau, uas yog yuav luag tsis xeb thiab muaj zoo grindability. Qhov no pub rau cov kav dej ua hauj lwm txiav ceev nce los ntawm 4 lub sij hawm.

Nws kuj yog siv rau zus tau tej cov tshav kub-resistant pob bearings ua hauj lwm thaum muaj kev kub ceev ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 500-600 ° C. Analogues R6M5 hlau yog P12 R10K5F5, R14F4, R9K10, R6M3, R9F5, R9K5, R18F2, 6M5K5. Yog hais tias tungsten-molybdenum alloys yog feem ntau yog siv rau manufacturing ib lub cuab tam rau roughing (hnyiab, milling cutters), lub vanadium (R14F4) xov (sweep, Broaching). yuav tsum muaj nyob rau ntawm txhua tej cuab tam npav cia koj paub tias nws yog tsim los tawm ntawm alloy.