Kawm kinetic kos duab: hauj lwm, nta cov neeg sawv cev. Kinetic kos duab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua

Kev tig tau kos duab - kos duab taw qhia, uas xub tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, thaum lub creators ntawm lub ntau yam tab tom nrhiav rau kuv tus kheej ib yam dab tsi tshiab, thiab, thiaj li, pom. Nws manifested nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub yas duab puab thiab architecture. Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav saib dab tsi hauv lub kinetic kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws tau pom nws daim ntawv thov tom qab, nws keeb kwm, kev loj hlob, thiab ntau npaum li cas.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub npe

Lub suab ntawm lo lus, tseem ceeb heev - yog vim li cas lub ntsiab txhais ntawm ib tug tshiab, yav tas los tsis paub hais tias lub sij hawm yuav tsum pom tau tias muaj podsmotrev nws nyob rau hauv dictionaries, tab sis kuj nrhiav tau tawm lub keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub sij hawm "kinetic art" yog zoo yam rau cov Greek lo lus "kinetikos" - "rau ib tug tias lub ntsiab lub zog." Tam sim ntawd nco ntsoov txog cov ceg ntawm physics "kinematics", uas, raws li peb paub, yog tseem kawm tus txheej txheem.

Uas yog vim li cas lub kinetic kos duab - muaj pes tsawg leeg mus, peb-dimensional, sculptural thiab / los yog architecture. Nws yog hais txog mus rau lub artistic avant-garde. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm tig tau kos duab, hnov nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua thaum ntxov.

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tshiab kev taw qhia

Nyob rau hauv lub twenties ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, Vladimir Evgrafovich Tatlin, ib tug pioneer ntawm kev tig tau kos duab, ua ib tug qauv ntawm lub pej thuam ntawm lub Peb International.

Nyob rau hauv 1931, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ib tug me ntsis-paub Aleksandr Kolder tsim nws cov thawj masterpiece ntawm tus naas ej hlau designs, uas tau tsav los ntawm lub cev muaj zog thaum tau kev pab. Thaum lub sij hawm, nws compositions tau zus, ua ib tug series ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab nyob rau hauv lub npe "mobiles".

Raws li tus creator ntawm lub domestic li zoo raws li lub ntse heev los ntawm lwm teb chaws muaj ib lub hom phiaj: ua pa lub neej tshiab duab puab, hais tsis tau nws zoo li qub xwm, kov yeej nyob rau hauv lub lig kev cai thiab tso cai rau nws kom zoo dua nrog cov ib puag ncig. Lub zog yuav yog ib qhov txuas ntawm ib tug masterpiece thiab lub ntiaj teb no.

Tsim kom muaj tshiab sawv

Nyob rau hauv lub sixties ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua Fabkis cov neeg pleev kob thiab kos duab theorist Nikolya Shoffer, raws li zoo raws li Argentine artist Julio Le Parc lawv creativity definitively tsim kev cai tshiab thiab teb cov lus nug txog dab tsi yog tig tau daim duab.

Nkawd ob leeg xav kom piav nyob rau hauv nws compositions ntsuj plig prevailed thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub hauj kiv puag ncig thiab siv rau qhov no noble lub hom phiaj, kho qhov muag thiab acoustic tej yam. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no twb qhia nyob rau hauv lub fact tias lawv ua hauj lwm tau hloov nyob rau hauv ob peb theem: mechanical (qauv, zoo), pom tau qhov sib (xim, lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo) thiab lub suab (lub tso suab los yog mono).

Kaj ntau haiv neeg txhais tau tias heev precisely tau sib phim rau lub specifics ntawm lub sij hawm tau ua lus hais thiab coj. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev thiab hauj kiv puag ncig, nws dynamism, lub dag lub zog thiab lub hwj chim - uas qhia txog kev tig tau kos duab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.

kis

Nyob rau hauv lub sixties, kis ntawm kev tig tau daim duab mus txog rau nws ncov. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sij hawm no, cia li nyob lub sij hawm rau no sib, uas yog siv niaj hnub no. Nws tam sim ntawd seized lub minds ntawm noob neej, los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe mus rau America. Kev tig tau US thiab European kos duab merged mus rau hauv ib tug - cov creators sim rau zoo xws li cov hom phiaj, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yog manifested nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.

Naum Gabo: Lavxias teb sab-American avant-garde

Lavxias teb sab thiab American artist Naum Gabo coj nws tus kheej mis rau lub neej thiab kos duab, paub lawv mus rau txhua lwm yam. Lawv lub Cheebtsam, raws li zoo raws li lub hauv paus, lub hauv paus uas lawv yuav tsum tau ua, nws hu ua lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw.

Gabo tsis rau siab mus rau lub complexity; nws qauv masterpiece muaj pes tsawg leeg tsim los ntawm tej yam yooj yim geometric duab. Nws "cov virtual ntaub ntawv" ib pawg kawm kinetic kos duab. Leej twg yuav tau xav hais tias lub fluctuation ntawm hlau paib yuav nqa ib tug profound lub ntsiab lus thiab qhia lub dag lub zog era!

Daim ntawv rov ntxiv ntawm qhov teeb meem

Masters ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, feem ntau thov electric motors nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim mus rau revive lub frozen teeb meem. Tab sis nws tsis yog tsuas yog txoj kev. Raws li zoo raws li vim lub scientific thiab hauj kiv puag ncig, lub cev dab tsis tsuas yog ib tug kwv uas txoj kev tshawb no, tab sis kuj yog ib tug txhais tau tias mus cuag lub hom phiaj, qhov no ua rau tsis tau bypassed lub art. Geniuses ntawm lub ntiaj teb no muaj experimented nrog cov kwj ntawm cov dej, cua, tus quab yuam ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Yog li amazing rotating disks ntawm Marcel Duchamp twb tau txais - ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg uas yog fascinating, thiab Zhan Tengli recreated lub creation ntawm koj lub siab nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag - tsis tsuas self-propelled mechanisms, tab sis kuj nws tus kheej puas tsuaj, twb luam tawm nrog rau cov tib suab - thawj suab paj nruag. Sau ntawm tus naas ej ciav Stravinsky sau lawv los ntawm muaj seem tag nrho cov hom ntawm variations. Tag nrho cov no ua rau yus mus rau lub xaus hais tias ib lub zoo kawg li feature ntawm kev tig tau Art - ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov kev siv ntawm txawv txawv cov ntaub ntawv tsim tshwj xeeb los.

Cov nrhiav yeej tsis xaus

Kev tig tau kos duab - nws yog ib tug tshiab theem, tab sis nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev kev siv taw tes los yog lo lus uas peb taw tes. Kaj teeb nws ua rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua si nrog cov xim tshiab, inspiring feats. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev tig tau art tau ua ib feem ntawm nws keeb kwm - los ntawm Rodchenko rau Euchre. Qhov kev tshawb nyob rau hauv daim teb no tau coj mus rau lub fact tias kinematizm pom ib tug siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov duab puab thiab architecture. Kev tig tau daim duab ntawm painting tau raug hu ua tus kho qhov muag thiab maj mam hloov mus rau hauv lub "op-art".

Visual illusions op kos duab

Lub zog nyob rau hauv painting manifested cov yam ntxwv ntawm no kos duab daim ntawv - purely visually, nyob rau qib subconscious. Tom qab lub op-art raws li qhov muag pom illusions - thaum neeg xav hais tias qhov chaw thiab teeb meem yog hloov. Txawm li cas los, no dua mus cuag lub Desired nyhuv, lub creators yuav tsum tau siv scientific kev txawj ntse - mus ua si qhov psycho-physiological yam tseem ceeb uas ua rau tus tuav saib raws nraim li cas lawv nyob nraum mus. Thiab qhov ntau tshwm tshwm sim, lub ntau ceeb lub sij zoo li qub khoom. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab qhov txawv ntawm op kos duab los ntawm cov tshuaj kinetic kos duab.

nkauj specifics

Kineticist sculptors revived teeb meem, ntxias - qhov chaw. Deepening nws thiab los ntawm painting nyob rau hauv ntau yam xim, lawv ua tau kom ib co zoo ntawm ib tug ntiaj teb no yog tsis muab zais rau hauv lub canvas, tab sis qhov chaw sab hauv. Nws yog zoo li ib lub qhov, nyob rau hauv uas ib zaug Alice tau poob, ua kom tau mus nrog cov luav. Ib tug zoo nkaus li akin rau txoj kev uas koj poob pw tsaug zog, thiab koj raug cab coj mus nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau tsis pub leejtwg paub npau suav. Hais tias yog dab tsi tej caum-tsib xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, qhua mus rau lub exhibition "Tus Noog Qhov Muag" by Egemen, DeMarco li al., Muaj qhib ib nplooj ntawv tshiab nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm painting.

Tus thawj hauj lwm twb tua nyob rau hauv cov xim dub thiab dawb - lub wizard tsuas sim lawv txhais tes rau ib daim ntawv tshiab ntawm kos duab. Tom qab tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub kawg, kinematizmu hwj chim tshaj txhua yam - nws txav lub ciam teb. Nws fascinates, tab sis kuj ntshai, dhau lawm, uas yog vim li cas ntxias trod cautiously, kev kawm tshiab, impressing ntau thiab ntau. Tam sim no lub op-art, rau lwm cov tes, yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm feem ntau tiag tiag li, contrasting ntxoov, nws nyuaj mus cuag cov nyhuv.

Hais ntawm puab nyob rau hauv lus dab neeg

Folk kos duab, muaj coob tus neeg intuitively txheem niaj hnub. Nyob rau hauv ib co txoj kev, ntawm chav kawm, tsuav yog txoj cai, vim hais tias lus dab neeg - yog cia cim xeeb ntawm cov teb chaws kab lis kev cai thiab contemporary kos duab - cov creation ntawm ib tug kab lis kev cai txoj cai tam sim no. Tab sis hais txog kinetism, peb yuav xyuam xim hais tias cov xov hais txog qhov muaj zog nce mus txog rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, los ntawm lub centuries, tab sis tus pob thiab twb pom thiab untangled xwb nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo.

Khoom thiab cov khoom ua si uas tsiv thiab ua los ntawm craftsmen los ntawm cov Arkhangelsk cheeb tsam - nws tus pib Kineticism. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai manifested nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Ntau tshaj li ib zaug nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm xa mus rau ob huab ntsiab lus - America thiab lub Soviet Union, qhov twg muaj ntau haiv neeg ntse heev.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm kev tig tau kos duab nyob rau hauv lub USSR

Ib tug tiag tiag kawm thiab tswv ntawm nws khoom siv tes ua yog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm "txav" - hais tias tus neeg koom thaum pib ntawm lawv cov thawj coj, Leo Nusberga, nce (thov zam lub tautology) kinetic kos duab nyob rau hauv lub Soviet masses.

"Movement" twb tsim txom vim hais tias rau hnub tim nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg tuaj tsis ntau li ntau ntaub ntawv raws li peb xav. Tab sis, cuaj kaum, lawv lub npe tseem nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv Kineticism keeb kwm, thiab nws nco ntsoov lawv nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, kev hais lus ntawm hais tias, yuav ua li cas nws yog manifested nyob rau hauv lub USSR.

Nyob rau hauv lub sixties ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua "Movement" ncaav thiab coj ib feem nyob rau hauv ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm clandestine thiab official miv. Lub mav tsis ntshai mus coj rau loj-scale tej yaam num - thiab thiaj li tau yug los rau hauv lub futuristic "Makropolis" yav tom ntej nroog lub tswv yim.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov "txav" kom meej meej tau tawg tag nrho cov kev txwv, uas lawv tau txais thiab lub xeev kev txiav txim, xws li clearance ntawm Leningrad mus rau lub hnub ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig. Group exhibition ua compositions, theatrical nrug, circus thiab kinematic stsenogrammy.

Tu siab, vim li cas lwm yog vim li cas lub "txav" yog me ntsis paub, hais tias nyob rau hauv ib pab pawg neeg ntawm mob feem ntau tshwm sim, thiab nws thiaj li sib cais los ntawm nws tus tshiab pab neeg, tab sis los ze zog mus rau lub eighties tiam sis pib zuj zus lawm tso chaw.

Kawm kinetic kos duab

kev tig tau kos duab ua hauj lwm muaj ib tug ntau dua degree ntawm kom zoo nkauj, vim hais tias feem ntau siv raws li ib tug kho kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav sau npe tus lwm tus qhov chaw. Hais tsiv lem yuav ua tau raws li tag nrho cov teev, thiab nws complement. lawv yog siv rau artistic qhia thiab pej xeem cov txheej xwm (piv txwv li, fairs), nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm chaw ua si, mus yuav khoom malls, squares thiab thiaj li nyob.

Nyob rau hauv xws kinetism rau ua hauj lwm nrog cov op-art - nrig txog kev pom illusions nyuam qhuav intensified hloov illumination thiab lub tso suab lub suab los.

Qhov ntawd yog qhov kev tig tau daim duab ntawm lub sij hawm tam sim no peb muaj peev xwm hais tias nws yog ntau feem ntau siv rau kev ua si lub hom phiaj. Txij li thaum lub era ntawm scientific thiab cov kev kawm, uas nws tau npaj muaj kev cuam tshuam, twb dhau lawm, thiab peb tau nkag mus hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv technology, kev tes hauj lwm thiab lub Internet, peb yuav tsum tau ib tug tshiab kev coj uas yuav ua rau tam sim no tiam ntawm kev xav hauv paus ntsiab lus. Cuaj kaum Kineticism tej hauj lwm ntawm kuj zoo kawg masters twb paub thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim ntau, thiab yog nrov nyob rau hauv lub dav. Leej twg los yeej xav paub ntau ntxiv txog Mobile, thiab ib tug elegant Siv Soto, thiab lub incarnation ntawm lub chauffeur-scale schemes - tag nrho cov yam twb tsis tsim cia li mus nyiam xim, tab sis muaj ib daim iav ntawm ib tiam.