Khob - dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas nws yog ua li cas? thaj chaw ntawm lub khob

Txhua yam ntawm peb muaj feem ntau tuaj nyob lub iav. Yuav ua li cas yog no puas yooj yim thiab pob tshab khoom, tej schoolboy paub. Txhua txhua hnub yog peb pom nws nyob rau hauv lub tsom iav, qhov rais, rooj tog zaum thiab cov tais diav nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab, tab sis peb yeej paub txog nws? Yuav ua li cas nws yog ua, uas yog li cas thiab lub zog ntawm cov iav?

Li cas lo lus no txhais li cas

Muaj yog ib tug ntau ntawm tom qab cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem no. Yuav ua li cas yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "iav" yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov qhov chaw? Ozhegova phau ntawv txhais lus characterizes no substance raws li ib tug khoom cov ntaub ntawv uas ua los ntawm quartz xuab zeb, tov nrog oxides ntawm tej yam hlau. Txawm lub ntsiab txhais muab ib lub tswv yim ntawm lub hom ntawm zus tau tej cov khoom. Tab sis rau no peb yuav tsiv mus rau yav tom ntej.

Muaj tseeb tag nrho accustomed mus rau lub iav - qhov no tshab khoom. Tab sis nco ntsoov - phau ntawv txhais lus Ozhegova ua no kom meej. Khob yuav ua tau tsis tau tsuas yog pob tshab, tab sis kuj dawb lias los yog Frosted. Tab sis nyob tus yeees ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no raws insignificantly.

Dab tsi ua rau iav

Standard iav muaj pes tsawg leeg yog ib tug sib tov ntawm ntshiab quartz xuab zeb, txiv qaub thiab dej qab zib. Yuav kom hloov cov ntaub ntawv uas cov khoom yuav siv tau ntau yam additives. Tseem, lub ntsiab constituent tivthaiv yog raws nraim huv dej xuab zeb. Nws npaum li cas yog hais txog 75% ntawm tag nrho cov sib tov. Dej qab zib thiaj li melting kub ntawm lub xuab zeb yuav luag 2 lub sij hawm. Txiv qaub tiv thaiv lub iav los ntawm Raug tus kab mob rau feem ntau cov tshuaj, tab sis kuj ntxiv zog thiab ci.

Ntxiv impurities:

• Manganese. Nws yog ntxiv rau iav los tsim ib qho kev ntxoov ntxoo ntawm ntsuab. npib tsib xee los yog chromium tej zaum yuav siv tau rau kom tau lwm yam xim.
• Lead iav muab ntxiv ci thiab yus ringing. Material tau thaum mus rau lub kov. Khob nrog ib tug admixture ntawm cov hlau lead no yog hu ua siv lead ua.
• Oxide boric acid kuj imparts ntxiv gloss thiab transparency ntawm cov khoom, yog li kom txhob muaj cov thermal expansion coefficient ntawm cov khoom.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov iav ntau lawm

Txawm 6000 xyoo dhau los, cov neeg muaj peev xwm ua tsim no zoo nkauj thiab lub cev tsis kho cov ntaub ntawv uas. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws zoo li yog sib txawv dog dig los ntawm niaj hnub lub khob, raws li nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt thiab Mesopotamia twb tsis muaj cov khoom rau high-zoo tu ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab lwm yam cuab yeej. Cuaj kaum, iav ntau lawm pib muaj. Vim kuj rau tej influences, qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas tau muab historians ib lub tswv yim ntawm cov kab lis kev cai thiab kev possibilities ntawm cov feem ntau ancient haiv neeg.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, thawj iav raug cog nyob rau hauv 1636. Nws twb nyob tsis deb ntawm Moscow. Muaj tau tsim tableware thiab qhov rais iav. Qhov zoo kev loj hlob ntawm no ceg ntawm kev lag luam tau txais nyob rau hauv Peter I.

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1859, lub invention ntawm ib tug high-siab twj tso kua mis tau tso cai los tsim lub iav tsis muaj tus iav cav tshuab. Qhov no zoo heev yooj yim zog cov lawm. Thiab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo, ib qho kev nthuav khoom teejtug uas yog cov ntaub ntawv uas twb pom - yog hais tias cov khoom tiav yog rhuab mus rau ib tug tej yam kub, tus neeg kho tshuab thaj chaw ntawm lub iav yuav nce 400%.

niaj hnub ntau lawm

Technology tshaj nyob deb pem hauv ntej, uas tso cai rau los mus tsim tej ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau thiab muaj qhov tib neeg hwj chim nqi. Tam sim no, muaj ntau ntau yam nroj tsuag uas muaj ib tug tsim tus qauv ntawm technology tsim iav. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug niaj hnub cov ntaub ntawv uas ua los ntawm molten quartzite xuab zeb, kawm paub nrog technology. Raws li ib qho piv txwv peb muab ib daim ntawv khoom.

Khob ntau lawm nyob rau hauv theem:

1. Tag nrho cov tsim nyog cov khoom xyaw yog loaded rau hauv ib tug cub tawg thiab rhuab mus txog rau thaum nws cov ntaub ntawv ib tug kua homogeneous loj.
2. Nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb homogenizer, qhov no alloy yog do kom txog thaum uniform.
3. Cov uas ua loj twb poured mus rau hauv ib tug ca thawv, hauv qab ntawm uas yog molten tin. Muaj cov iav yog faib mus ua ib lub uniform nyias txheej.
4. Lub txias thiab solidified khoom xa mus rau ib tug conveyor. Muaj nyob rau kev tswj iav thickness thiab tej. Cov khoom no tsis yog authenticated, thiab puas qhov chaw yuav tsum xa mus rau lub smelter.
5. Ua tas los zoo tswj, tom qab uas lub iav nkag mus rau hauv warehouse ntawm tas cov khoom.

hom ntawm cov iav

Tam sim no, qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob hais tias muaj ntau hom ntawm cov iav, uas txawv ob nyob rau hauv tsos thiab lub zog. Ntawm no yog ib co ntawm lawv:

1. Crystal iav. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj hmoov txhuas nyob rau nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Hais txog nws peb tham txog saum toj no.
2. Quartz iav. Muaj ib feem huv xuab zeb, ces nws yog ib co check. Tau los mas kub jumps, li ntawd, yog siv los tsim kho qhov muag seev, kuaj glassware thiab qhov rais.
3. Ua Npuas Ncauj iav. Hnav lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas, uas yuav siv tau ob qho tib si rau finishing, thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab plag tsev. Nws muaj ib tug ib feem ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm voids, yog li muaj siab thermal thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev zog.
4. Iav ntaub plaub. Volumetric huab cua cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj nyias thiab muaj zog heev thread. Qhov hluav taws kub-resistant, li ntawd, yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, tiam sis kuj nyob rau hauv tailoring firefighters thiab welders.

Cov kev siv ntawm cov iav

Nyob rau cov khoom thiab cov tsos ntawm cov khoom no muaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua daim ntawv thov. Lub ntsiab tus neeg ntawm manufactured nyob rau hauv peb lub khob lub sij hawm - lub kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Nws yuav siv ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov manufactured khoom. Nws lub sij hawm yuav ua tau heev varied - phab ntsa cladding, glazing, lub tsev ntawm cov phab ntsa hollow bricks, rwb thaiv tsev, thiab lwm yam Rau kev tsim kho kev lag luam yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi, thiab tsuas iav. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug Gothic lub qhov rais, tej zaum tag nrho paub. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog hlua nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov dawb lias iav daim. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, lub tsuas iav qhov rais tsis tau poob lawv qhov tseeb thiab yog siv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov rooj tog.

Nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tej chaw muaj iav ntim rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Ib me ntsis tsawg ua tais diav. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj lag luam iav yog ib tug indispensable khoom txij thaum nws yog resistant rau feem ntau cov tshuaj.

lub zog

Zoo li lwm yam kev cov ntaub ntawv uas, iav muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm qualities uas koj yuav tsum paub ua ntej koj yuav siv nws nyob rau hauv ib tug cheeb tsam.

1. Ceev. Tej zaum yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb lub sib tov pes tsawg leeg thiab txoj kev siv thiab ua. Tus nqi qhov rais ceev yuav thaj tsam li ntawm 220 rau 650 kg / m ^3.
2. Fragility. Qhov no cov yam ntxwv yog cov feature ntawm cov iav thiab txwv nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho teb. Tam sim no, zaum no ntau alloys, maximizes lub dag lub zog ntawm cov khoom.
3. Thermal stability. Ordinary iav mas kub txog li 90 ° ^C. Tom qab kev kho mob, lub thermal thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog heev zog. Piv txwv li, muaj iav muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm tiv kub tshaj 200 ° ^C.

nthuav lus tseeb

Peb kawm tau ntau yam txog cov iav - dab tsi yog ua li cas thiab zog. Nws yog lub sij hawm mus digress ib tug me ntsis thiab nrhiav tau cov feem ntau nthuav lus tseeb hais txog qhov no heev cov ntaub ntawv. Ob peb cov neeg paub hais tias:

• Tus nqi ntawm speed hais tawm rau lub iav tawg yog 4828 km / h.
• Lub degradation lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog hais txog ib lab lub xyoo.
• Lub iav yuav remelted ob peb lub sij hawm nrog me me los yog tsis muaj tsis zoo. Nyob rau hauv no hwm, nws twb yuav luag tsis analogues.
• Raws li cov amorphous khoom, lub molten iav yog solidified los ntawm ceev ceev txias. Rau cov uas tshwj xeeb tej yam kev mob uas yuav tsum tau.

Khob yog tsis nyob rau hauv vain li lug siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Muaj tseeb nws yuav ntev nyob twj ywm ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau nrov cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj them yug ntawm no assertion, hais tias lub zog, durability thiab txheeb ze yooj yim ntawm kev siv thiab ua ntawm cov iav, kev cob cog rua nrog lub fact tias lub Cheebtsam los tsim nws yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv loj naj npawb.