Sib txaus ntshai khoom - yog tej khoom (seb lub chaw soj nstuam, tsev los yog tuam txhab uas muag) uas yog qhov chaw cia, ua, siv los yog kev thauj mus los ntawm tej tshuaj uas yuav ua mob rau tus noj qab haus huv ntawm cov pejxeem bliznahodyaschegosya. Ntxiv mus, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thauj mus sib txaus ntshai khoom tshaj ib tug pib tus nqi, thiab nyob rau ntawm lawv kev puas tsuaj yuav tsum raug tus kab mob neeg, tsiaj txhu thiab ib puag ncig nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Sib txaus ntshai khoom yog tshuaj, roj refining, cov nqaij thiab cov mis nyuj thiab zaub mov kev lag luam, nrog ib lub hauv paus thiab txias cia chaw muaj nyob rau hauv cov tub yees tshuab, nyob rau hauv uas ammonia siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, sib txaus ntshai khoom - ib tug dej kev kho mob thiab sis plawv hniav thiab cov ntawv mills, uas nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lawv ua hauj lwm siv cov tshuaj raws li zoo raws li ports, railway noj, nyob rau hauv uas muaj cov paths uas dov lub Tshuag nrog sib tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd rau no hom ntawm cov khoom hais txog kiag li tej thauj - yuav nws lub tsheb kauj vab los sis ib lub dav hlau, uas yog sib txaus ntshai khoom. Sib txaus ntshai khoom thiab lub tsev lag luam ntawm scientific, kev kho mob los yog kev kawm yam, uas muaj lawv tus kheej tshuaj laboratory. Ntawm no koj yuav tau ntxiv ntau thiab warehouses, bases thiab lwm cov chaw uas khaws tej chemicals cia, thiab landfills, nyob qhov twg "so" ntawm sib tej ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam kev pov tseg. Cov feem ntau siv xws tej khoom acids (nitric thiab sulfuric acid), hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon disulfide, tshuaj thiab lwm yam chemicals.
Ib suam ntawm sib txaus ntshai khoom yuav nqa tawm raws li nyias kev:
- toxicity;
- xov tooj;
- cia technology thaum muaj xwm ceev sib tshuaj;
- raug nta (ua los yog siv thaum muaj xwm ceev sib tshuaj).
Sib txaus ntshai khoom tseem muab faib ua 4 chav kawm.
| cov chav kawm | Tus nab npawb ntawm cov neeg uas nkag mus rau lub cheeb tsam cov nrog ib tug tshuaj huam yuaj (nyob rau hauv txhiab) | Lub voos kheej-kheej ntawm cov kab mob tiv thaiv cheeb tsam puag ncig tus kwv (nyob rau hauv meters) | Feem pua ntawm cov pej xeem hais tias yog tseem kis tau kab mob nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm qhov raug iab liam tshuaj paug |
| 1 | ntau tshaj 75 | 1000 | ntau tshaj 50 |
| 2nd | 75-40 | 500 | 50-30 |
| Peb | tsawg tshaj li 40 | 300 | 30-10 |
| 4 | 0 | 100 | tsawg tshaj li 10 |
Feature sib txaus ntshai khoom muab tsis nplij nws lub siab cov lus qhia txog lawv cov kev nyab xeeb. Tej thaum muaj xwm ceev sib tej yam khoom uas muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm yooj yim "txeeb teb chaws" mus rau hauv ib puag ncig, ua no loj lom ntawm cov pejxeem. Tsis tas li ntawd nws puv tawm lawv tau li xyuas lub ntiaj teb sab nraum vim physico-tshuaj thiab tshuaj lom thaj chaw ntawm cov tshuaj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj thiab tseem ceeb heev no zog xws li flash point, flash khov thiab kub, lub cev xeev, corrosiveness, solubility, viscosity, ceev, tshav kub ntawm evaporation, volatility, diffusion coefficient, hydrolysis thiab pa siab. Tab sis muaj ntau ntau lwm yam khoom, kuj ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub "lub neej" ntawm cov tshuaj thiab, raws li ib tug tsim nyog tau, 0 nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub neej.